Granulation Tissue Weight Research Articles

Wound Healing Effectiveness of Berberis baluchistanica and Daphne oleoides Extracts Native to Pakistan

Traditionally in Turkish medicines, Berberis baluchistanica and Daphne oleoides plant are used for the treatment of rheumatism, fever, lumbago, gonorrhea, boils, snake bite antidote, piles, hemorrhoids, as laxative, ulcers and wound healing. The study objective was based on the scientific investigation of traditional claim of wound healing potential of both these wild plants extract in healthy inbreed male albino rats. The wound healing activity of both the extracts was evaluated by adopting excision and incision wound models with a topical dose of 100 mg/kg b.w /day. Wound healing process effectiveness was assessed by measuring wound contraction and epithelization period, measurement of tensile strength of healing skin and histopathological studies of granulating tissue. D. oleoides roots crude methanolic extract (CME) encouraged pronounced wound repairing process in both adopted wound models. In this case, boosted wound retrenchment rate (P < 0.001), shrinkage of epithelialization period (10.13 ± 0.11), high skin disintegration strength (410.0 ± 1.8) and remarkable enhanced granulation tissue weight (P < 0.001) were experienced in albino rats. As well as the granulation tissue histological examination exhibited more collagen with reduced inflammatory cells number propagation versus control. In B. baluchistanica stems CME treated animals, wound contraction, and granulation tissue content were not much prevailed being (P < 0.05) moderately high. The histology of the granulation tissue disclosed greater number of inflamed cells with less collagen than the D. oleoides treated animals. However, it was more amplified compared to control group. The collective research data emphasized that D. oleoides possesses significant wound management activity versus B. baluchistanica, furthermore both extracts rationalize the traditional claim to cure wounds and can be utilized in different wound healing therapies in human beings as well.

Morphometric indicators of wound bone tissue condition after surgical treatment of spontaneous periodontitis accompanied by different functional state of organism reactivity

In periodontal surgery, advanced technologies such as the use of platelet-enriched plasma, the technique of directed tissue regeneration, applying various osteoplastic materials are widely spread. Despite the undoubted achievements, there is a risk of postoperative complications. The aim of the work was to study the intensity and duration of the wound healing phases after surgical treatment of spontaneous periodontitis accompanied by normo-, hyper- or hyporeactivity of the body by bone morphometry. Materials and methods. Wistar rats were selected for the study ‒ 90 nonlinear white adult male rats weighing 270 ± 58 grams, aged 11–12 months with spontaneous periodontitis. The animals were divided into three equal groups depending on the condition of their organism reactivity. All the animals underwent surgery on the periodontium: one half of the animals in each of the three groups underwent flap operations, the other – flap operations with osteoplasty (Kolapan-L, Hypro-sorb F). The specific weight of microhemocirculatory bed, connective tissue and bone granulation tissue, bone trabeculae, bone marrow cavities, polymorphonuclear leukocytes, lymphocytes, macrophages, plasma cells was studied by a morphometric method. Results. Morphometric study of bone wound preparations from animals with spontaneous periodontitis accompanied by normoreactivity of the body has allowed to identify the following phases of healing during the wound process: degenerative-inflammatory changes (the 10th day), an increase in reparative processes (the 20th day) and active regeneration (the 30th day). In cases of hyper- and hyporeactivity, the intensity and duration of the wound healing phases differed. In case of hyperreaction, the granulocyte-macrophage reaction was more expressed and lasted longer until the 20th day, therefore later, only on the 30th day, the signs of regeneration could be observed. In case of hyporeaction, the granulocyte reaction appeared later (only on the 20th day) and lasted longer, signs of active regeneration were noticed later, on the 30th day. The identified patterns occurred regardless of the absence or presence of osteoplastic material in a wound. Conclusions. In case of normoreactivity, the intensity and timing of the wound process phases were optimal. In case of impaired (hyper- and hypo-) reactions, altered intensity of the cellular phase (increased or decreased) and terms (accelerated or slowed down) resulted in delayed bone wound healing, that is, a complicated course was observed. It justifies the feasibility and necessity of developing methods of targeted drug correction for transforming the wound process phases with impaired body reactivity into those that are typical of normoreaction.

Synthesis, characterisation and in vivo wound healing activity of chemogenic sulphur nanoparticles

ABSTRACT In spite of long known benefits of elemental sulfur in the history of mankind, limited research studies are available on the therapeutic applications of “nano” forms of sulfur. Herein, chemogenic sulfur nanoparticles (SNP-C) were synthesized through acid catalysed precipitation. SNP-C was characterised by various microscopic and spectroscopic techniques such as PXRD, SEM, TEM and Raman spectroscopy. Further, SNP-C’s wound healing property and antimicrobial efficacy are investigated. Ointment formulations with 2% (w/w) SNP-C exhibited enhanced wound healing activity compared to control group and was comparable to that of standard group. Higher wound contraction rate, breaking strength, and granulation tissue weight were observed in the SNP-C test groups compared to the control group in all the wound models analyzed. Further, chemogenic sulfur nanoparticles showed enhanced antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and significant antifungal activity against the all tested fungal strains.

Biogenic synthesis of nano-sulfur using Punica granatum fruit peel extract with enhanced antimicrobial activities for accelerating wound healing

Microbial wound infections leading to secondary complications in wound healing has resulted in high demand for therapeutic drugs with improved efficacy. Despite achieving enhanced bio-activity and higher bioavailability compared to its bulk form, nano-sulfur (SNP) has been explored to a very limited extent for wound healing applications. In this work, we prepare biogenic SNP (SNP-B) via simple biogenic technique using pomegranate (Punica granatum) peel extract and demonstrate its antimicrobial and wound healing activity. The SNP-B was characterized using powder x-ray diffractometer, FESEM, transmission electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy. Different wound models (excision, incision, dead space and burn) were used to assess the wound healing potential of SNP-B. The 2% (w/w) SNP-B treated group exhibited enhanced wound contraction rate (excision wound, 99.62 ± 0.59%; burn wound, 99.46 ± 0.59%), breaking strength (393.2 ± 10.87 g cm−2), and granulation tissue weight (166.8 ± 9.45 mg) compared to the control group (excision wound, 84.24 ± 2.78%; burn wound, 90.58 ± 3.2%; breaking strength, 241.3 ± 16.11 g cm−2; granulation tissue weight, 91.17 ± 7.28 mg). The efficacy of 2% (w/w) SNP-B was comparable to that of standard (5% w/w povidone-iodine ointment) in all the wound models analyzed. The SNP-B showed enhanced antibacterial activity with a MIC value of 90, 80, 80, and 60 μg ml−1 for Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus, respectively. The results obtained prove the potential of SNP-B as a multifunctional therapeutic agent for topical applications.

GC-MS Analysis and Wound Healing Efficiency of Ethanolic Leaves Extract of Cassia occidentalis and Pithecellobium dulce in Wistar Albino Rats: Comparative Study

Aim: To identify and compare the bioactive compounds in the ethanolic leaves extracts of Cassia occidentalis and Pithecellobium dulce and to evaluate the wound healing efficiency in Wistar Albino rats.
 Study Design: The leaves ethanolic extracts was analysed by GC-MS and the extract was prepared in the form of a cream by ethanolic leaves extracts of C. occidentalis and P. dulce at 5% (w/v), 10% (w/v), and also in combination, a simple ointment base was developed with a composition of (1:1) Topical application of 5% (w/v) and 10% (w/v) was utilised in excision wound models. For excision wound models, the treatment duration was ten days. The day on which the wound was inflicted was designated as day '0'. Wound healing Activity: Excision wound Model: The animals were randomly separated into eight groups of six rats each: Group I: Control.; Group II: Standard group, treated with Framycetin sulfate cream (Soframycin, Aventis);. Group III: Treated with ethanolic extract of C. occidentalis (ELCO) (5% w/v); Group IV: Treated with ethanolic extract of C. occidentalis (ELCO) (10% w/v);Group V: Treated with ethanolic extract of P. dulce (ELPD)(5% w/v); Group VI: Treated with ethanolic extract of P. dulce (ELPD) (10 % w/v);Group VII: Treated with ethanolic extract of C. occidentalis and P. dulce (ELCO & ELPD 1:1) (5% w/v); Group VIII: Treated with ethanolic extract of C. occidentalis and P. dulce (ELCO & ELPD 1:1) (10 % w/v) till complete epithelization. Next dead space wound model and histology was studied.
 Place and Duration of Study: The GC-MS was carried out at Lab in Chennai. The extraction procedures were done at Department of Microbiology, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Guntur and treatment of wound healing activities were conducted at Ratnam Institute of Pharmacy in Nellore, Andhra Pradesh, India, and housed in the Department of Pharmacology between October to January 2016.
 Methodology: To study bioactive compounds, GC-MS was adopted, for wound healing activity: Excision wound Model, Dead space wound model and histology procedures was applied.
 Results: In the current study, ethanol leaves extract (EL) of Cassia occidentalis and Pithecellobium dulce were compared using GC-MS and their wound healing efficacy in wistar rats was examined. The GC-MS analysis of EL from both plants revealed 14-16 distinct bioactive phytochemical components with varying molecular weights and retention duration (RT). Excision and dead space wound models were utilised to assess the wound healing activities of EL extracts on rats. Wound concentration, full epithelialzation time, granulation, tissue weight, and hydroxyproline content were used to measure healing. In the excision wound model, the standard group (Framycetin sulphate cream) and group-VII (10% w/v; 1:1) combination EL treatment exhibited 98.5 ± 0.54 % and 98.4 ± 0.46 % wound healing activity, respectively. When compared to the control, the granulation tissue weight and hydroxyproline content in the dead space wound rose considerably. Histological examination revealed fewer inflammatory cells and more collagen, indicating a role in accelerating wound healing activity.
 Conclusion: The results of our investigation indicate unequivocally that ethanolic leaf extracts of these plant species are effective at encouraging wound healing. The 10% (ELCO+ELPD) tropical treatment drastically reduced the wound as compared to standard and also increased granulation and hydroxyproline content. However, it requires more clinical examination before being considered for wound therapy.

Betel Leaf Extract Efficacy on Wound Healing: A Systematic review

Betel leaf extract effectively accelerates wound healing. To identify the potency of betel leaf extract in the inflammatory phase, proliferation and remodeling of wound healing phases. Literature quest: PubMed, EBSCO host, Proquest, Science Direct, DOAJ and GARUDA. As many as five articles were reviewed, In acute wounds, the level of IL-1β betel leaf extract at a concentration of 3% (ρ˂ 0.002, r = 0.701) has an effect on inflammation. Diabetes mellitus ulcers, blood vessel growth and increased collagen layer thickening affect cell proliferation, increased epithelialization, more melanin, melanocyte and fibrous tissue formation (ρ<0.05), increased granulation tissue weight (ρ<0.05), hydroxyproline content increased (ρ<0.05), epidermal thickening, more lots of fibroblasts and few macrophages, and inhibiting bacterial growth (ρ<0.05). Betel leaf extract has the potential to heal wounds both acute wounds, infection wounds and diabetic ulcers.

Development of a psoriatic-like skin inflammation rat model using imiquimod as an inducing agent.

OBJECTIVE:The present investigation was undertaken to develop a psoriatic-like skin inflammation rat model using imiquimod (IMQ) as an inducing agent.MATERIALS AND METHODS:The hairs of the back dorsal portion of the Wistar rats were removed and 80, 100, and 120 mg of IMQ cream (5% w/w) for 10 consecutive days was applied to different groups of rats. Further, psoriasis area severity index was used for calculating the psoriatic score, which included scoring of erythema, scaling, and thickening. Various biochemical parameters, pro-inflammatory cytokines, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and histopathological examination were also performed.RESULTS:The results demonstrated signs of erythema, scaling, and thickening on group applied with 120 mg and 100 mg of IMQ along with ear thickening. Biochemical evaluation revealed a significant increase in the granulation tissue weight followed by significant decrease in the levels of collagen and hexosamine. The antioxidant parameters superoxide dismutase and catalase were found to decline, while nitric oxide and lipid peroxidation were significantly elevated in skin lesions, also supported by increased pro-inflammatory cytokines expression, i.e., interleukin (IL)-1 β, IL-6, IL-17, tumor necrosis factor-α, and VEGF. Histopathological studies revealed a disturbed natural structure along with increased epidermal proliferation, abnormal differentiation with increased number of keratinocytes in the psoriatic skin tissue.CONCLUSION:From the overall study, we have successfully developed a psoriatic-like skin inflammation rat model for the first time on Wistar strain using IMQ as an inducing agent.

Anti-inflammatory and anti-angiogenesis effect of bee pollen methanolic extract using air pouch model of inflammation.

Background and purpose:Research on new drugs with a natural source and low side effects is a priority in pharmacology studies. The present study was conducted to investigate the anti-inflammatory and anti-angiogenesis effects of bee pollen extract in the air pouch model of inflammation.Experimental approach:To achieve this goal, male rats were moderately anesthetized and then 20 and 10 mL of sterile air were subcutaneously injected into the intrascapular area of the back of the rat on first and third days, respectively. On day 6, inflammation was induced by intrapouch injection of carrageenan. Normal saline in the control group and bee pollen methanolic extract (50, 100, and 200 mg/pouch) were administered at day 6, simultaneously with carrageenan, and then for 2 consecutive days only normal saline and the extracts were injected. Following sacrificing the rats the pouch was opened and the exudate volume, leukocyte accumulation, granulation tissue weight, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), interleukin 1beta, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) concentrations were determined 3 days after induction of inflammation. In order to investigate the angiogenesis, the granulation tissue was removed, homogenized in the Drabkin’s reagent, and then centrifuged. The supernatant was filtered and the hemoglobin concentration was determined using a spectrophotometer.Results:Bee pollen extract significantly decreased the exudate volume, leukocyte accumulation, granulation tissue weight, angiogenesis, VEGF, and TNF-α concentration.Conclusion and implications:The findings of the current study revealed that bee pollen methanolic extract has an anti-inflammatory and anti-angiogenesis effect, which could be attributed to the inhibition of VEGF and TNF-α production in the inflammatory exudates.

In vivo wound healing and antimicrobial activity of Alkanna strigose

Abstract Several plant preparations and extracts are used in folk medicine for treatment of topical wounds. Yet the validity of their use as well as the mechanism has not been ascertained in well-designed experimental settings. The wound healing activity of a topical hexane extract of Alkanna strigosa roots (HEASR) in excision and incision wound models in rats was evaluated. The pro-healing activity was assessed by the rate of wound contraction & wet granulation tissue weight and tensile strength in the excision and incision models, respectively. The active components of HEASR were isolated. Finally, the antimicrobial activity against five microorganisms; namely Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis and Candida albicans were assessed for both crude extract and pure compounds. The HEASR increased the weight of wet granulation tissue per wound area and tensile strength of wounds, and showed antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria and C. albicans. The pure compounds were alkanin & shikonin and showed remarkable activity against S. aureus, E. coli and B. subtilis. The results document the beneficial effect of A. strigosa extract and its pure compounds for treating the supurative excision as well as the incision wounds.

Wound repair and regenerating effect of ethyl acetate soluble fraction of ethanolic extract of Cinnamomum camphora leaves in wistar albino rats

The leaves of Cinnamomum camphora are used in folk medicine for treatment of several skin disorders, anti-inflammatory disorders, various antimicrobial diseases and antioxidant activities. The aim of our study was to find the active fraction from ethanolic extract of C. camphora leaves responsible for wound healing activity in rats. The wistar albino rats were made wounded by the excision, incision and dead space wound on back side of rats. The ethylacetate soluble fraction of ethanolic extract of leaves of Cinnamomum camphora was applied topically in excision wound model while in incision and dead space wound model the Ethyl acetate soluble fraction (100 mg/kg) was give orally for 16 days. In the excision wound model the wound area and day of epithelization both were significantly decreased Ethyl acetate soluble fraction treated rats. In incision wound model the significantly higher tensile strength was observed in rats treaded orally with ethyl acetate soluble fraction. There were significant increase in weight of wet & dry granulation tissue with increased amount of hydroxyproline, collagen and elastin was observed in treated rats by ethyl acetate soluble fraction. The results suggested that the ethyl acetate soluble fraction of ethanolic extract of leaves of Cinnamomum camphora can be beneficial in treatment of wound healing in wistar albino rats. Keywords: Cinnamomum camphora, ethanolic extract, anti-inflammatory

EFFECT OF SITAGLIPTIN AND VILDAGLIPTIN ON WOUND HEALING IN MALE WISTAR RATS - AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY

Objective: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a spectrum of common metabolic disorders, arising from a variety of pathogenic mechanisms. With an increasing incidence worldwide, DM will be likely a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the future. Delayed wound healing in diabetes is a major source of morbidity and mortality. Sitagliptin and Vildagliptin are novel antihyperglycemic agents used for the treatment of DM. The present study was planned to investigate the effect of Sitagliptin and Vildagliptin on various wound healing models in male Wistar rats.Methods: Male Wistar rats (150–200 g) were divided into three groups, i.e., control, Sitagliptin, and Vildagliptin (n=6 animals in each group) for each wound model. Excision wound, resutured incision wound, and dead space wounds were inflicted under thiopentone anesthesia in male Wistar rats. The rats received Sitagliptin and Vildagliptin orally during the study period. Resutured incision was assessed by wound breaking strength; dead space wound was assessed by granuloma dry weight and histopathology of granulation tissue. In excision wounds, treatment was monitored by planimetry. Data were expressed as mean±standard error of mean and analyzed by analysis of variance followed by Dunnett’s post hoc test. p&lt;0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: Sitagliptin and Vildagliptin significantly promoted the healing process in all three wound models studied. Histopathological studies revealed increased collagen content and granulation tissue in Sitagliptin and Vildagliptin groups.Conclusion: In all the three wound models studied, Sitagliptin and Vildagliptin promoted wound healing. The pro-healing effect of Sitagliptin and Vildagliptin needs to be explored clinically.

Wound Repair and Regenerating Effect of Eugenol Isolated from Ethyl Acetate Soluble Fraction of Ethanolic Extract of Cinnamomum tamala Leaves in STZ Diabetic Rats

Diabetes is a chronic hyperglycaemic disorder; leads to developed several complications including delayed wound healing after any injury. These non-healing wound ends up to organ or limb salvage. The available modern medications are not capable to fully control over these complications. There are several evidences that these complications can easily treated by using herbal of folklore medicines. The leaves of Cinnamomum tamala used by traditional peoples in the treatment of diabetes and associated wound healing. In our previous study we had found that the ethanolic extract of leaves of Cinnamomum tamala is most active in treatment of wound healing in diabetic rats. The aim of our study was to find the active isolated eugenol from ethyl acetate soluble fraction of ethanolic extract of C. tamala leaves responsible for wound healing activity in diabetic rats. The Wistar albino rats were made diabetic by single i.p. injection of Streptozotocin (60 mg/kg). The excision, incision and dead space wound were created on back side of rats. The eugenol isolated from ethyl acetate soluble fraction of ethanolic extract of leaves of Cinnamomum tamala was applied topically in excision wound model while in incision and dead space wound model the eugenol isolated from ethyl acetate soluble fraction (100 mg/kg) was give orally for 16 days. In the excision wound model the wound area and day of epithelisation both were significantly decreased eugenol isolated from ethyl acetate soluble fraction treated rats. In incision wound model the significantly higher tensile strength was observed in rats treaded orally with eugenol from ethyl acetate soluble fraction.There were significant increase in weight of wet & dry granulation tissue with increased amount of hydroxyproline, collagen and elastin was observed in eugenol treated rats by ethyl acetate soluble fraction. The results suggested that the eugenol isolated from ethyl acetate soluble fraction of ethanolic extract of leaves of Cinnamomum tamala can be beneficial in treatment of wound healing in diabetic rats.

Effects of electrospun scaffolds of di-O-butyrylchitin and poly-(ε-caprolactone) on wound healing.

We sought to determine the usefulness of electrospun dibutyrylchitin (DBC) or poly-(ε-caprolactone [PCL]), in wound treatment. We investigated the mechanisms of action of these polymers on wound healing. We synthesized DBC, a newly identified ester derivative of chitin, using a patented method comprising the substitution of butyryl groups at positions C-3 and C-6 in chitin molecules. We confirmed the double substitution by the butyric groups using infrared spectrometry. The fibrous scaffolds were obtained using the electrospinning method. A polypropylene net was implanted subcutaneously in the rat and served as a wound model. Both DBC and PCL increased granulation tissue weight in the wound. In contrast to PCL, DBC did not abolish glycosaminoglycan changes in wounds. The tested samples did not impair total collagen synthesis or induce excessive fibrosis. In both PCL- and DBC-treated wounds, we observed a lower level of soluble collagen (compared with controls). The results show better hydration of the wounds in both the DBC and PCL groups. No induction of large edema formation by the tested materials was observed. These polymers induced almost identical macrophage-mediated reactions to foreign-body implantation. The implants increased the blood vessel number in a wound. Both PCL and DBC could be used as scaffolds or dressings for wound treatment. The materials were safe and well tolerated by animals. As DBC did not disturb glycosaminoglycan accumulation in wounds and absorbed twice as much liquid as PCL, it can be considered superior.

In silico and in vivo wound healing studies of ursolic acid isolated from Clematis gouriana against GSK-3 beta

Abstract. Naika HR, Bhavana S, Teixeira da Silva JA, Lingaraju K, Mohan VC, Krishna V. 2016. In silico and in vivo wound healing studies of ursolic acid isolated from Clematis gouriana against GSK-3 beta. Nusantara Bioscience 8: 232-244. Clematis gouriana Roxb. (Ranunculaceae) is an endemic medicinal plant of Western Ghats. Ursolic acid (UA) was isolated from the methanolic extract (ME), which was characterized by spectral studies, and was subjected to in silico studies on Glycogen synthase kinase 3-β (GSK3-β) protein, to inhibit protein function. UA showed least binding energy (-13.457 ΔG) towards the binding site and molecular dynamics studies showed minimum potential energy and greater stability with target protein. Thus, UA may be considered as a potential inhibitor of the GSK3-β protein. The wound-healing activity was assessed by excision, incision, and dead space wound models on Wistar strain rats. The results of excision, incision, and dead space wound models showed significant activity. There was a significant increase in skin-breaking strength in rats treated with UA (562.36 ± 7.60 g). The effects of ME and UA on the dead space wound model were pronounced, with a significant increase in the weight of granulation tissue (26.33 ± 0.25 mg), tensile strength (647.00 ± 0.71 g), and hydroxyproline content (1793.83 ± 0.64 µg/100 g). Thus, UA-treated animals showed excellent wound-healing activity. Animals treated with nitrofurazone, ME and UA showed increased collagenation and decreased accumulation of macrophages at the site of injury.

Influence of Tinospora cordifolia on wound healing in wistar rats

Background: T.cordifolia is widely used in veterinary folk medicine ayurvedic system of medicine. It is known to possess various properties. In a study T.cordifolia promoted wound healing in diabetic patients. However, one study showed that octacosanol content in T.cordifolia possessed anti-angiogenic activity which can hinder wound healing. Therefore, effect of T.cordifolia on wound healing appears to be controversial and there is scarcity of information regarding its effect on wound healing in animal models. Methods: Excision wound, resutured incision wound and dead space wounds were inflicted under light thiopentone anesthesia in male wistar rats (n=6 in each group). Methanol extract of T.cordifolia stem in the dose of 250 mg/kg was administered orally once a day for 10 days in resutured incision (assessed by wound breaking strength), dead space (granuloma dry weight and histopathology of granulation tissue) excision wounds was monitored by planimetry. Data was expressed as mean±SEM and analyzed by student’s t-test. p <0.05 was considered as significant. Results: The results of the present study revealed that T.cordifolia significantly promotes wound healing in all the three models viz. enhanced wound contraction and decreased days for complete epithelization in excision wound; increased breaking strength in resutured incision wound; increased granuloma dry weight and cellular infiltration in granulation tissue. Conclusions: T.cordifolia significantly (p<0.05) promoted wound healing in all the three models of wound in male wistar rats.

Evaluation of wound healing and antibacterial properties of methanolic root extract of &lt;i&gt;Stephania dinklagei&lt;/i&gt; (Engl.) Diels

Background: Stephania dinklagei Diels (Engl.) is used in folkloric medicine in Southeastern Nigeria for the treatment of wounds and some bacterial-associated infections. This study evaluated the wound healing and antibacterial potential of Stephania dinklagei to validate or invalidate its folkloric use.Materials and Methods: The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of methanolic extract of S. dinklagei root (MESDR) against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp. was determined by macro broth dilution. The extract at 20% and 10% were dosed orally to rats at 300mg/kg body weight (bw) in incision and dead space wound healing model to determine wound tensile strength and granulation tissue weight, respectively. The same extract concentrations were applied topically in excision wound model to determine the rate of wound contraction and epithelialization. Activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), and the levels of total protein (TP), malondialdehyde (MAL), hydroxyproline (HYP) and hexosamine (HEX) in excision wound biopsies were determined at days 7 and 14 post-wounding (pw). In the excision wound model, the extract concentrations were compared with gentamicin sulphate.Results: The MIC of S. dinklagei extract against P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, B. subtilis, E. coli and Klebsiella spp. were 8mg/ml, 3 mg/ml, 5mg/ml, 6mg/ml and 7mg/ml, respectively, while the corresponding MBC were 10 mg/ml, 5 mg/ml, 7mg/ml, 8mg/ml, and 9 mg/ml, respectively. The 20% extract gave significantly (P&lt;0.05) higher tensile strength and granulation tissue weight than the 10% and gentamicin sulphate. Wound contraction and epithelialization occurred significantly (P&lt;0.05) better and faster in wounds of animals treated with the 20% extract and gentamicin sulphate compared to those treated with 10% extract. TP of animals treated with 20% extract and those treated with the reference drug did not vary significantly (P&gt;0.05) at day 14 pw. SOD and CAT activities, and MDA and HEX level of all the groups did not vary significantly (P&gt;0.05) at day 14 pw. HYP level of the extract-treated groups significantly (P&lt;0.05) decreased against the control. No significant difference existed in HYP level between the extract-treated groups.Conclusions: S. dinklagei possess antibacterial and wound healing properties which are comparable to those of gentamicin sulphate.Keywords: Stephania dinklagei, wound healing, antibacterial, antioxidant

EVALUATION OF WOUND HEALING AND ANTIBACTERIAL PROPERTIES OF METHANOLIC ROOT EXTRACT OF STEPHANIA DINKLAGEI (ENGL.) DIELS

Background: Stephania dinklagei Diels (Engl.) is used in folkloric medicine in Southeastern Nigeria for treatment of wounds and some bacterial-associated infections. This study evaluated the wound healing and antibacterial potential of Stephania dinklagei to validate or invalidate its folkloric use.&#x0D; Methods: The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of methanolic extract of S. dinklagei root (MESDR) against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp. was determined by macrobroth dilution. The extract at 20% and 10% concentrations were dosed orally to rats at 300mg/kg body weight (bw) in incision and dead space wound healing model to determine wound tensile strength and granulation tissue weight, respectively. Same extract concentrations were applied topically in excision wound model to determine the rate of wound contraction and epithelialization. Activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and the levels of total protein (TP), malondialdehyde (MAL), hydroxyproline (HYP) and hexosamine (HEX) in excision wound biopsies were determined at days 7 and 14 post wounding (pw). In the excision wound model, the extract concentrations were compared with gentamicin sulphate.&#x0D; Results: The MIC of S. dinklagei extract against P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, B. subtilis, E. coli and Klebsiella spp. were 8mg/ml, 3 mg/ml, 5mg/ml, 6mg/ml and 7mg/ml, respectively, while the corresponding MBC were 10 mg/ml, 5 mg/ml, 7mg/ml, 8mg/ml, and 9 mg/ml, respectively. The 20% extract concentration gave significantly (P0.05) at day 14 pw. HYP level of the extract-treated groups significantly (P

The antimicrobial and wound healing effect of Aloe Vera in induced diabetic rats

The study was conducted on sixteen streptozotocin induced diabetic rats to investigate whether the topical application of Aloe Vera gel and alcoholic Aloe Vera leaf extract could improve the wound healing in diabetic rats. The rats were weight, matched, and placed in to four groups 4 rats of each group. Full thickness circular skin wound (2cm in diameter) was experimentally created dorsal to the neck area of each rat. Animals in group (1) left without dressing as a control group. Animals in group (2 and 3) were treated topically with Aloe Vera gel (100%) and alcoholic Aloe Vera leaf extracts (100%) respectively, while the animals of group (4) were treated with povidone iodine (4%). Treated groups were dresses twice daily for 14 successive days. The treated wound in groups 2, and 3 were significantly healed faster in comparison to the wound of control group. The effect produced by the Aloe Vera with reference to the wound contraction, wound closure, decreased in surfaces area of wound, and tissue regeneration at the wound site. Histologically wounds treated with Aloe Vera show increase in macrophages, fibroblast migration, collagen regeneration and epithelialization compared with the control group. The wet, dry granulation tissue weight, and hydroxyproline content increased significantly when compared to control. Aloe Vera was seen exhibited antimicrobial activity against some pathogenic microorganism. In conclusion Aloe Vera have strong wound healing property and effective as topical preparation and formulated as fairly economical therapeutic agent for wound management.

Evaluation of wound‑healing effect of Ziziphus mauritiana L. leaf extract in rats

Background: Ziziphus mauritiana L. leaves are used traditionally for burns, wounds, inflamed parts, hypertension and as a diuretic. Objective: To evaluate the wound‑healing property of ethanol extract of Ziziphus mauritiana L. leaf (EEZM) on rats using excision, incision and dead space wound models. Materials and Methods: Wistar albino rats (150 − 200 gm) were divided into four groups (n = 6). Group I (control) animals received no treatment, group II animals were given EEZM 300 mg/kg orally, group III animals were applied EEZM gel, 100 mg/cm2 and group IV animals were applied Framycetin skin cream, 100 mg/cm2 topically. In incision and dead space wound models, the treatment was given for 10 days only from the day of wound, skin‑breaking strength and dry granulation tissue weight were estimated in incision wound model. Hydroxyproline content was estimated in dead space wound model. In excision wound model, treatment continued till the complete healing of the wound. Rate of wound contraction and period of epithelisation was evaluated thereafter. The data was analyzed by one‑way ANOVA, followed by Dunnett’s test. P <0.05 is considered significant. Results: EEZM increased the rate of wound contraction, decreased period of epithelisation, increased skin‑breaking strength and dry granulation tissue weight, elevated hydroxyproline content. Conclusion: Ziziphus mauritiana possesses wound healing activity. Key words: Period of epithelisation, skin breaking strength, wound healing, wound contraction, Ziziphus mauritiana

Natural Honey: A New and Potent Anti-Angiogenic Agent in the Air-Pouch Model of Inflammation

Despite reports indicating anti-inflammatory effects of honey, the anti-angiogenic effect of honey and its impact on inflammatory mediators in the air pouch model of inflammation have not yet been studied. The aims of present study were to investigate the effects of honey on angiogenesis, inflammatory cytokine vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) level as an important marker of angiogenesis and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in the rat air pouch model of inflammation. Male Wistar rats were anesthetized, and then 20 ml and 10 ml of sterile air were injected subcutaneously in the back on days 0 and 3, respectively. On day 6, inflammation was induced by injection of 1 ml of carrageenan 1% into pouches. After 72 h, the rats were sacrificed; pouch fluid was collected in order to determine PGE2 concentration and VEGF level. The Pouches were dissected out and weighed. Angiogenesis of granulomatous tissue was assayed using a hemoglobin kit. Honey was able to reduce granulation tissue weight and angiogenesis as well as showing potent inhibitory activities against PGE2 and VEGF in air pouch model of inflammation. The decrease in angiogenesis correlates with the inhibition of PGE2 and VEGF. Honey is potentially useful in the treatment of granulomatous inflammatory conditions. It seems that the anti-angiogenic activities of honey are mediated through modulation of PGE2 and VEGF production.