Abstract
Background: Stephania dinklagei Diels (Engl.) is used in folkloric medicine in Southeastern Nigeria for the treatment of wounds and some bacterial-associated infections. This study evaluated the wound healing and antibacterial potential of Stephania dinklagei to validate or invalidate its folkloric use.Materials and Methods: The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of methanolic extract of S. dinklagei root (MESDR) against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp. was determined by macro broth dilution. The extract at 20% and 10% were dosed orally to rats at 300mg/kg body weight (bw) in incision and dead space wound healing model to determine wound tensile strength and granulation tissue weight, respectively. The same extract concentrations were applied topically in excision wound model to determine the rate of wound contraction and epithelialization. Activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), and the levels of total protein (TP), malondialdehyde (MAL), hydroxyproline (HYP) and hexosamine (HEX) in excision wound biopsies were determined at days 7 and 14 post-wounding (pw). In the excision wound model, the extract concentrations were compared with gentamicin sulphate.Results: The MIC of S. dinklagei extract against P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, B. subtilis, E. coli and Klebsiella spp. were 8mg/ml, 3 mg/ml, 5mg/ml, 6mg/ml and 7mg/ml, respectively, while the corresponding MBC were 10 mg/ml, 5 mg/ml, 7mg/ml, 8mg/ml, and 9 mg/ml, respectively. The 20% extract gave significantly (P<0.05) higher tensile strength and granulation tissue weight than the 10% and gentamicin sulphate. Wound contraction and epithelialization occurred significantly (P<0.05) better and faster in wounds of animals treated with the 20% extract and gentamicin sulphate compared to those treated with 10% extract. TP of animals treated with 20% extract and those treated with the reference drug did not vary significantly (P>0.05) at day 14 pw. SOD and CAT activities, and MDA and HEX level of all the groups did not vary significantly (P>0.05) at day 14 pw. HYP level of the extract-treated groups significantly (P<0.05) decreased against the control. No significant difference existed in HYP level between the extract-treated groups.Conclusions: S. dinklagei possess antibacterial and wound healing properties which are comparable to those of gentamicin sulphate.Keywords: Stephania dinklagei, wound healing, antibacterial, antioxidant
Highlights
Wound is a break in the normal continuity of the skin which results in disruption in the cellular, anatomic and functional continuity of the body (Heydrari et al, 2011)
Administration of MESDR extract in normal saline to rats even at the highest dose of 2000 mg/kg bw did not produce any death in the treated groups
The fact that the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values obtained for the tested bacterial organisms (P. aeruginosa 8mg/ml, S. aureus 3 mg/ml, B. subtilis 3 mg/ml, E. coli 6mg/ml and Klebsiella spp. 7mg/ml) were within the tested concentration suggest that S. dinklagei inhibited the growth of the organisms at the respective extract concentrations
Summary
Wound is a break in the normal continuity of the skin which results in disruption in the cellular, anatomic and functional continuity of the body (Heydrari et al, 2011). The emergence of wound-contaminating bacteria which are resistant to most conventional antibacterial agents and whose infections result in septicemia, toxemia, and sometimes death, have worsened the case (Akinyemi et al, 2005; Mboto et al, 2009; Abu-Al-Basal, 2010). Both Gram-positive (e.g. staphylococci, enterococci, Pseudomons aeruginosa, Bacillus spp., Corynebacterium etc) and Gram-negative (e.g. Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp., Proteus spp., etc) bacteria constitute wound contaminants (Mboto et al, 2009; Abu-Al-Basal, 2010). Conclusions: S. dinklagei possess antibacterial and wound healing properties which are comparable to those of gentamicin sulphate
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