Granting Of Autonomy Research Articles

The Effectiveness of Decentralization Policy in Local Government Administration

Article 18 paragraph (2) and paragraph (5) of the 1945 Constitution stipulates that the Regional Government is authorized to regulate and manage its own government affairs according to the principles of autonomy and co-administration and is granted the widest possible autonomy. The granting of the widest possible autonomy to regions is directed at accelerating the realization of community welfare through service improvement, empowerment, and community participation. Regional formation is basically intended to improve public services in order to accelerate the realization of community welfare as well as as a means of political education at the local level. For this reason, the formation of a region must take into account various factors such as economic capacity, regional potential, area, population, and considerations from socio-political, socio-cultural, defense and security aspects, as well as other considerations and conditions that enable the region to organize and realize the objectives of the establishment. By using descriptive analytical research method the results of this research are decentralization is the delegation of government power from the central government to regions to manage their own households, or regions are given autonomy to become autonomous regions. Decentralization is intended to give authority from the state government to local governments to regulate and manage certain affairs as their own household affairs. Therefore, the birth of Act No. 23 of 2014 concerning Regional Government, especially the essence of decentralization, is basically in the framework of accelerating the distribution of community welfare, especially in the regions.

Independence of Financial Performance of Jombang Regency Regional Government

With regard to the granting of autonomy, regions are obliged to find alternative development funding without reducing the expectations of central government support. The purpose of this study was to analyze the ratio of financial independence of Jombang Regency in five years, namely 2016 to 2020. This study uses qualitative descriptive methods. (especially the central and provincial governments) is very high. Data collection by observation and dokumkentasi. Data analysis by trianggulation. The results showed that the average ratio of independence of Jombang Regency for five years from 2016 to 2020 was 30% so that in the low category and showed a pattern of consultative relations this means that the level of regional dependence on external assistance

Kebijakan Pelayanan Publik Pemerintah Daerah di Era Disrupsi

Openness in the development of policy making is a must in local governments to carry out good public services in accordance with Good Governance. The purpose of this research is to see the development of the concept of administration to public administration in implementing local government decisions. So that the openness of a policy by involving community participation results in satisfaction with public services for the wider community. The research methodology uses a qualitative descriptive approach to the problem of openness to policy developments in public services by local governments. As a result, the community can enjoy and feel the involvement of participation in a decision-making process carried out by the local government. The legal basis for making public policy implementation by the government is the principle of decentralization, namely the granting of regional autonomy to local governments. As guaranteed in Law No. 32/2004 article 14 on mandatory local government affairs

Legal Standing of the Papua People’s Assembly and Ratio Decidendi of the Constitutional Court: A Study of Court Decision

This study aims to analyze the legal standing and interest of the MRP as an embodiment of asymmetrical decentralization policies and the ratio decidendi of the Constitutional Court in Decision Number 47/PUU-XIX/2021. This normative legal study uses the statute and case approaches and collects data through a literature study technique. Results showed that asymmetrical decentralization policy prioritizes the specificity, uniqueness, diversity of regions, and unity of society through indigenous law and traditional rights. The granting of special autonomy to Papua aims to reduce disparities and improve living standards for the indigenous people. The MRP, established as a cultural representation with specific authority in protecting the rights of the indigenous people of Papua, evaluated that some provisions in Law Number 21 of 2001 and Law Number 2 of 2021 contradict the 1945 Constitution. In contrast, MRP’s request does not contain constitutional issues, and some are in line with the interests of the Local Government. In Decision 47/PUU-XIX/2021, the Constitutional Court stated that part of the complainant’s request could not be accepted and rejected the complainant’s request other than and the rest. Therefore, it is recommended that the MRP collaborate with the Local Government to promote the interests of the indigenous people of Papua. The Government must also continuously monitor the progress and evaluate the asymmetrical decentralization policy in reducing disparities and improving the standard of living for the indigenous people of Papua. Furthermore, the Government should ensure that the rights of the indigenous people of Papua remain protected and respected.

Національне пи- тання на Женевській конференції соціалістичних партій Росії (2-8 квітня 1905 р.): дискусії та рішення

The purpose of the study is to shed light on the SRs’ consideration of projects to resolve the national issue in the Russian Empire at the Geneva Conference of Socialist Parties and to evaluate the proposed ideas for Russia’s restructuring. In the context of reviewing the discussions, special attention was paid to the future of tsarist-enslaved peoples, who were represented at the meetings by delegates from the National Socialist parties and demanded autonomous status, and sometimes national independence and secession from Russia, as in the case of Poland and Finland. The research methodology is based on the principles of concrete-historical approach or historicism, objectivity, comprehensiveness and integrity, systematics, as well as the use of the methods – analysis and synthesis, historical-comparative, historical-typological and problem-chronological. The scientifi c novelty is that in the course of the study for the fi rst time there’s been an attempt made to analyze the consideration of the national question in the Russian Empire at the Geneva Conference and to fi nd out the attitude of the delegates from the National Socialist Parties to the SR projects. A complex topic is considered, which is practically not disclosed in historical studies of this period. Conclusions. Th e Geneva Conference was an important stage in the development of the Russian Revolution, when the leading socialist forces of Russia, as well as the national socialist parties and organizations, sought to understand each other in order to defeat the common enemy, tsarism. It demonstrated common views on the federalization of the Russian state in the postrevolutionary era and the granting of broad autonomy to enslaved nations. A separate point of the agreement was the support for perestroika mechanisms, which stated that the aim of the revolution would be to convene a Constituent Assembly, not only in Russia but also in Poland and Finland, which stated the abolition of tsarism and building a democratic republic. However, the events of the revolution made their adjustments to the plans of the Socialists, so the agreements in Geneva were never implemented in practice.

Special Autonomy of Yogyakarta in the Context of Local Autonomy Law

Local government is the authority of the autonomous regions to organize and manage the interests of local people according to their own initiative based on community aspirations in accordance with the laws and regulations. In response to the demands of government reform quite quickly, it has undertaken a sufficiently fundamental breakthrough of the various laws in the political field from the centralist-autoritarian to the autonomous-democratic. After successfully compiling the three laws on the political field that became the basis of the election in 1999 the government immediately followed him with a new law in the field of special politics on power relations between the central and local, namely Law no. 22 of 1999 on Regional Government and Law No. 25 of 1999 on Financial Relations between Central and Regional. The formation of regions is basically intended to improve public services in order to accelerate the realization of community welfare as well as political education at the local level. Considerations and other conditions that enable the area to organize and realize the purpose of the establishment of the region and the granting of regional autonomy. The Government may designate special areas in the autonomous regions to carry out specific government functions that are specific to national and / or national-scale interests "special" for the interests and benefit of Indonesia. One of these special autonomous regions is the Special Region of Yogyakarta that has been recognized special autonomous region in Law No.13 of 2012 on the privilege of Yogyakarta.

Antecedents of Psychological Empowerment and The Impact on Nurses Burnout

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of the antecedents of psychological empowerment on burnout in nurses who worked at the COVID-19 Hospital XYZ in Tangerang during the pandemic. This research is a quantitative research with survey. PLS-SEM was used to analyse empirical data obtained through simple random sampling. There were 80 samples collected and analysed through questionnaire that had been distributed online. The results showed that six of the eight variables of quality of work life, as well as psychological empowerment mediating variables, had a significant negative effect on burnout (t-statistic > 1.645). The direct influence on psychological empowerment was found to be the strongest from the opportunity to develop human capital and adequate and fair compensation (coefficient: 0.627 and 0.361). It was found that there was a negative impact of psychological empowerment on burnout (-0.756), thus the results of this study support the theory that the quality of work life can increase psychological empowerment among nurses, as well as show a new application to the psychological empowerment of nurses. This research model has moderate predictive accuracy and medium predictive relevance, so it can be developed in further research. There are managerial implications obtained from the findings of this study related to duration of work per week, work environment, granting of autonomy, as well as recommendations for future researchers regarding sample size and geographic coverage.

Legal Redesignation of Central and Regional Authorities to Strengthen Sinergity in Public Services

This study aims to analyze and find the ideal legal design of the relationship of authority between the central and regional governments in order to strengthen synergy in public services. In essence, the granting of autonomy to the regions is directed at accelerating the realization of public welfare, through the implementation of government affairs. Concurrent government affairs as stipulated in Law no. 23/2014, is a governmental affair that is divided between the central government, provincial government and district/city governments. In practice, when problems occur in the implementation of concurrent affairs which fall under the central authority, the regional government is in a powerless position. This research uses normative legal research methods with statutory, case, and conceptual approaches. The results of this study indicate that: the absence of a legal instrument that accommodates and bridges central and regional authorities causes problems that occur in the community to continue and do not immediately find solutions. It is necessary to have legal instruments in the form of government regula-tions in bridging the authority of the central and regional governments to build synergy in public services, especially to resolve conflicts that occur in society so that government administration can run effectively.

A Framework for Understanding the Association Between Training Paradigm and Trainee Preparedness for Independent Surgical Practice

The sociopolitical and cultural context of graduate surgical education has changed considerably over the past 2 decades. Although new structures of graduate surgical training programs have been developed in response and the comparative value of formats are continually debated, it remains unclear how different time-based structural paradigms are preparing trainees for independent practice after program completion. To investigate the factors associated with trainees' and program directors' perception of trainee preparedness for independent surgical practice. This qualitative study used an instrumental case study approach and obtained information through semistructured interviews, which were analyzed using open-and-focused coding. Participants were recent graduates and program directors of vascular surgery training programs in the United States. The 2 training paradigms analyzed were the integrated vascular surgery residency program (0 + 5, with 0 indicating that the general surgery training experiences are fully integrated into the 5 years of overall training and 5 indicating the total number of years of training) and the traditional vascular surgery fellowship program (5 + 2, with 5 indicating the number of years of general surgery training and 2 indicating the number of years of vascular surgery training). All graduates completed their training in 2018. All interviews were conducted between July 1, 2018, and September 30, 2018. A conceptual framework to inform current and ongoing efforts to optimize graduate surgical training programs across specialties. A total of 22 semistructured interviews were completed, involving 7 graduates of 5 + 2 programs, 9 graduates of 0 + 5 programs, and 6 vascular surgery program directors. Of the 22 participants, 15 were men (68%). Participants described 4 interconnected domains that were associated with trainees' perceived preparedness for practice: structural, individual, relational, and organizational. Structural factors included the overall and vascular surgery-specific time spent in training, whereas individual factors included innate technical skills, confidence, maturity, and motivation. Faculty-trainee relationships (or relational factors) were deemed important for building trust and granting of autonomy. Organizational factors included features of the local organization, including patient population, case volume, and case mix. Findings suggest that restructuring training paradigms alone is insufficient to address the issue of trainees' perceived preparedness for practice. A framework was created from the results for evaluating and improving residency and fellowship programs as well as for developing graduate surgical training paradigms that incorporate all 4 domains associated with preparedness.

Nikolaj II, Sovet ministrov i pol'skij vopros letom 1916 g. (po novym dokumentam iz arhiva A. N. Yahontova)

The article based on an analysis of new sources from the archives of the assistant to the head of the Office of the Council of Ministers of the Russian Empire A.N. Yakhontova examines in details for the first time in scientific historiography the history of the preparation of the Manifesto on the granting of autonomy to Poland, dating back to the summer of 1916. The authors come to the conclusion that during this period the influence on the solution of the Polish question was exerted by Nicholas II and the Council of Ministers, as exponents of the political will of the bureaucratic elite, and not by the mythical “camarilla”.

Opportunities for Leadership Expression in a Learning Organization

Opportunities for Leadership Expression in a Learning Organization

«Но все это понятно: ведь поляки и немцы в большинстве – враги России»: западнорусские интеллектуалы о польском вопросе (конец XIX – начало XX века)

The article is devoted to the analysis of the publicism on the Polish issue of the three West Russian intellectuals – M.O. Koyalovich, A.S. Budilovich and P.A. Kulakovsky. Publicists expressed their views on all the aspects of the Polish question: the reasons for the division of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, the debates on the historical and cultural affiliation of the Western Province, granting of autonomy to the Kingdom of Poland, assessment of the experience of solving the Polish question by Austria-Hungary and Germany, participation of the Poles in the First Russian Revolution of 1905–1907. The publicists were convinced that the fall of Poland was the natural result of its historical development, and Russia was not at fault for the Polish destiny. The territories of former Old Russian principalities, incorporated into the Empire, were part of the Russian and not the Polish world. They believed that the Poles had no rights to Western Russia. At the same time, they draw the society’s attention to the existence of the Russian-Polish conflict in the region and its topicality. Publicists argued that Poland’s autonomy would only lead to another Polish rebellion. According to them, Polish autonomy in Galicia demonstrated the true attitude towards the Russian people. A similar situation would be in the Western Province if the Poles could actively pursued the polonization of the Eastern Slavs in the region. Budilovich and Kulakovsky were convinced that the revolution of 1905–1907 was only an instrument of the Poles in achieving their cherished goal – the restoration of the Commonwealth within the borders of 1772.

Autonomous Management of Educational Units At Al-Islamiyah Education and Social Foundation (Yapisa) Tanggulangin District, Sidoarjo Regency

The National Education System Law No. 20 of 2003 as a refinement and replacement of Law No. 2 of 1989 strengthens the implementation of education decentralization, which was originally top down to bottom up, with the hope of improving the quality of education. Including the granting of autonomy in the management of educational units in foundations will provide broader opportunities for educational unit managers to find competitive strategies in the competitive era of achieving strong and independent educational outputs. This study aims to determine the extent of autonomy in the management of educational units in Al-Islamiyah educational and social foundations (yapisa). In this case the authors use qualitative phenomenological research methods, and historical methods. The data collection technique uses participatory observation, interviews and document review, while the data analysis uses descriptive. The results of this study, that the Foundation is very free in giving full autonomy to each education unit under its auspices. Most foundations develop their educational institutions, but educational institutions in Yapisa actually develop foundations.

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE USE OF VILLAGE FUNDS IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMS IN EAST LOMBOK

The granting of regional autonomy to the broadest means the granting of authority and power (discretion) to the regions to manage and utilize regional resources optimally. In order to avoid irregularities and deviations, the granting of authority and broad powers must be followed by strong supervision. In this study, the authors used qualitative research methods. Qualitative research is research that is used to examine the condition of natural objects, as opposed to experiments, where the researcher is a key instrument, data collection techniques are carried out by triangulation (combined), descriptive data analysis and qualitative research results emphasize the meaning rather than generalization. In the research, researchers focus on the field of development in infrastructure development programs. Based on the results of research conducted by the author on the effectiveness of the use of village funds in the implementation of programs in the field of village development in Suralaga district, East Lombok regency in 2018, it can be measured using a target approach by looking at the outputs of activities, namely the realization of programs and the benefits of the programs classified as very effective.

PERJANJIAN SEBAGAI DASAR PENGELOLAAN OBYEK WISATA OLEH DESA ADAT DI KABUPATEN GIANYAR

Abstrak
 Tourism is one of the mainstays in foreign exchange earnings for national and regional development. For this reason, Indonesia's tourism development must be able to create new innovations to sustain and increase competitiveness in a sustainable manner. At present both at the central and regional levels are regulated according to what is stated in the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia Article 18 paragraph (2) states that "Provincial, Regency and City Regional Governments regulate and manage their own government affairs according to the principle of autonomy and co-administration task. ”The granting of broad autonomy to the regions is directed at accelerating the realization of people's welfare through service improvement, empowerment and community participation. Besides that, through broad autonomy, the regions are expected to be able to increase their competitiveness by paying attention to the principles of democracy, equity of justice, special and special characteristics as well as regional potential and diversity in the system of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia. The formulation of the problem in this study is: whether the agreement can be used as the basis of authority by traditional villages in managing tourism objects in Gianyar Regency and whether the obstacles of traditional villages in managing tourism objects in Gianyar Regency.
 This type of research used in discussing the problem of this study is to use empirical legal research. Empirical law research is research in the form of empirical studies to find theories about the process of occurrence and about the process of working of law in society.
 The results of the discussion in this study are as follows: Cooperation agreement between the Head of the Gianyar Regency Tourism Office with the Customary Villages and the Tememong Pura which has been in the form of a cooperation agreement between the Head of the Gianyar Regency Tourism Office and the Gunung Kawi Customary Village Tampaksiring Number 9619 / Diparda / 2018, Nomo5 05 / DP-PGK / IV / 2018, this cooperation agreement can be used as the basis of authority by traditional villages in managing tourism objects in Gianyar Regency. Customary villages in managing tourist objects in Gianyar Regency, encountered several obstacles including: Internal barriers, such as Human Resources, management personnel are still low, facilities and infrastructure in tourist objects are still limited, public awareness around the location of objects is still low. External barriers, such as natural disasters such as volcanic eruptions, epidemics such as rabies, bird flu and others and terrorism.
 Keywords: Customary Village, Tourism, Agreement

Can a Structured, Video-Based Cadaver Curriculum Demonstrating Proficiency Enhance Resident Operative Autonomy?

Autonomy is of foremost concern in the current era of surgical residency, and it is especially important to trainees when considering their surgical education. Factors impacting trainee independence include the restriction of clinical work hours and the development of advanced minimally invasive techniques such as robotics, which requires separate technical education outside of conventional surgical education. Moreover, when residents are left to learn fundamental exposures via their clinical experience alone, they run the risk of not being exposed to some fundamental skills based on case volume and type. The Department of Surgery at Emory University developed a cadaver-based simulation curriculum to standardize exposure to fundamental operative skills and enhance proficiency outside the operating room, with the larger aim of improving resident autonomy. Residents were assigned to small groups led by a chief resident with an even distribution of postgraduate year (PGY) levels. Each group participated in core surgical exposures and fundamental maneuvers on a cadaver over a 6-hour session. Residents were tested on skills according to their PGY level about 1 month after the course. Testing included recitation of the skill in an oral boards format, highlighting major steps, followed by performance of the skill. All steps were video-recorded with no resident identifiers. These were reviewed by 2 independent, blinded faculty examiners who assigned proficiency grades to each resident video. Three hundred and thirty-three individual procedure evaluations were done over the 5-year period. Senior residents (PGY3-5) had 86% pass rate while junior residents (PGY1-2) had 70% pass rate. Overall, 21% of residents failed to achieve competence in their assigned skills. Junior residents were less likely to achieve competence compared to senior residents. Faculty graders had improved congruence in grading as the course progressed through the 5 years. The most recent 2 years had >80% congruence in faculty grading compared to less than 50% congruence in the first 2 years. 81% of attendings agreed this course positively influenced the granting of autonomy in the operating room. A cadaveric skills course focused on fundamental maneuvers with objective confirmation of achieving competency is a viable adjunct to clinical operative experience. Video-recorded evaluation, of these fundamental skills improved both resident and attending confidence in trainee operative skill.

Building trust in cross-cultural integration: A study of Chinese mergers and acquisitions in Germany

The phenomenon of trust and trust building has been widely researched with regard to different contexts and subjects. Nevertheless, the factors that influence trust building in mergers and acquisitions (M&As) and the way in which trust affects the post-M&A process remain unclear. This study explores trust development in the cross-cultural integration process following emerging country firms’ acquisitions in an advanced economy. A grounded theory model was developed to link the contextual characteristics of Chinese M&As in Germany that require the development of trust and the way in which managers understand sources of trust building. The perceived future uncertainty, different levels of technology and management, previous public discourses, and differences in institutional and cultural norms require the development of trust. The data reveal that a range of factors can foster trust development, including economic factors as well as emotional factors, such as mutual understanding, reliability, familiarity, and emotional bonding. A three-stage cross-cultural trust development theory is proposed, asserting that trust can be established based on economic factors, improved through mutual understanding and reliability, and further developed based on familiarity and emotional bonding. Trust development influences the acquiring firm’s behavior with regard to the transparency in information policies, the integration in decision-making, the exercise of control over the acquired firm, and the granting of autonomy in the cross-cultural integration processes.

Residents’ assessment of local government road infrastructure delivery in Ile-Ife, Nigeria

Ensuring adequate provision of municipal infrastructure, utilities and services constitutes a major rationale for the local government administration in Nigeria. This paper examined the road infrastructure delivery performance (provision, maintenance and rehabilitation) of the local administration in the two local government areas of Ile-Ife, Nigeria. Data were obtained with the aid of questionnaire and key-informant interview. Using multistage sampling, 600 residents were surveyed. The key-informant interviews were conducted on three local government senior administrative officers. Descriptive statistics and thematic content analysis were employed in the analysis. The study found that the local administrations in the city lacked autonomy, as they practically advance the cause of the state government. Thus, they could neither initiate nor execute any infrastructure project independently. It was also found that residents in the city were often required to contribute financially towards the construction and maintenance of transport infrastructure in their neighbourhoods. The study concluded that the performance of the local administration in the city was poor in terms of its statutory duty of municipal road infrastructure delivery. Consequently, the paper recommends the enhancement of the overall performance of local administration in Osun State through the granting of full political and financial autonomy to the local government.

EFEKTIFITAS ORGANISASI SEKOLAH TINGGI AGAMA ISLAM NEGERI (STAIN) WATAMPONE

The Effectiveness of Organization of State Islamic Institute (STAIN)Watampone. This study aims to: understand and uncover the effectiveness of Organization of State Islamic Institute (STAIN) Watampone. This study analyzes the effectiveness of organizations through a variety approaches and competing values include the ability to adapt, sourcing, planning, and productivity and efficiency. As for who becomes the object of research was variable of Effectiveness Organization and analysis using qualitative descriptive. The results of this research showed that the effectiveness of the organization Of State Islamic Institute (STAIN) Watampone based on the dimensions of ability to adapt to changes in the environment shows that is not optimal, and still continue to proceed in response to the demands of the external environment, especially the rules of top-down government, for example, the issue about the demands of quality education, in accordance with the National Standards for Higher education (SNPT), but in the technical implementation is still a lot of fundamental things that need adjustment quickly, especially associated with Tri Dharma College. Similarly in response to the issues that were hot in the community both at the locally, nationally and internationally. It was seen from the low structural design adjustments primarily related to the complexity of the component, and the formalization, but in terms of centralization components had shown good effectiveness with the granting of autonomy to the departements and study program. Furthermore, the effectiveness of the organization in gaining the support resources included in the criteria was not optimal, particularly with regard to the provision of facilities and infrastructure that relies solely on funds from the Revenue Budget and State Revenue Non Tax, Similarly in an increase in the number of lecturers in accordance with the ideal comparison with the number of students. While the organization's ability to got supported from the community in increasing the number of students was very effective as evidenced by the high enthusiasm of prospective students who apply from the year 2012/2013 until 2016/2017. Furthermore, the effectiveness of the organization on the dimensions of planning, shows the level of effectiveness is low, because the vision and mission of the organization was not able to be well understood by all elements of the organization, then the clarity size of the achievement had no time limited and clarity of area coverage is also unclear, and the manufacturing process still need to be involved all stakeholders. Further the effectiveness of Organization in production capability and efficiency, especially in producing qualified scholars still no best ratio between input and output. As well as in scientific publication the national and international level is still very low.Keywords: Efektifitas Organisasi.

Gobernanza urbana y metropolitana en el accionar público contemporáneo

Reseña analítica de: Metropolitan goverment and governance in western countries: A Critical Review (Lefèvre, C., 1998).
 Desde hace más de medio siglo, varios factores han dado pie para que la discusión del concepto del gobierno metropolitano, en términos generales, favorezca la idea de la nueva institucionalidad basada en la legitimidad política, el otorgamiento de autonomía a diferentes escalas de poder, el amplio rango jurisdiccional y la gran comprensión territorial.
 A partir de los nuevos arreglos institucionales propuestos por el modelo, se emplazan los supra municipales y los intra municipales, cada uno diferenciado por el grado de autoridad dentro de la estructura metropolitana. Por otra parte, están los grupos de presión social, considerados otra escala de la estructura territorial, que pueden llegar a no aceptar la estructura funcional metropolitana. Aunque resulte una visión más holística, el nuevo Modelo de Gobernanza está sujeto a los tradicionales problemas político-institucionales y al "clima económico actual".