Gram Of Weight Research Articles

Macassar fruit extract (Brucea javanica (l.) merr) increased the level of superoxide dismutase (SOD) but had no effect on the level of malondialdehyde (mda) in paraquat-treated male swiss Webster mice

Introduction: Paraquat exposure causes aging because it induces oxidative stress marked by decreased level of SOD and increased MDA serum level. Macassar fruit contains bioactive compounds such as vitamin C, flavonoids, tannins and polyphenol that have antioxidant activity. The purpose of this study was to prove that Macassar fruit extract increased the level of Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) enzyme and reduce the level of Malodialdehid (MDA) in male Swiss Webster mice treated by paraquat.
 Methods: A randomized pretest-posttest control group study was conducted using 14 male mice which were 2-3 months old, healthy and had 25-30 gram in weight. They divided into 2 groups namely P0 (control) and P1 (Treatment). Both groups were treated by paraquat but only group P1 received 20 mg Macassar fruit extract while the P0 only got 1 cc placebo for 14 days.
 Results: Our result showed that the level of SOD was increased in P1 group from 17.18±1.69 U/ml to 67.56±3.65 U/ml (p<0.01) while no change was observed in P0 group 16.97 ±1.45U/ml to 17.07±1.89 U/ml (p>0.05). However, no effect on MDA level was observed as the level of MDA tended to slightly decrease in both groups.
 Conclusion: It can be concluded that Macassar fruit extract 20 mg/kgBB significantly increased the level of SOD whilehave no effect on MDA level in male mice Swiss Webster treated by paraquat.

AKTIVITAS FRAKSI NONPOLAR DARI EKSTRAK ETANOL AKAR DADANGKAK (Hydrolea spinosa L) TERHADAP PENURUNAN KADAR GLUKOSA DARAH TIKUS JANTAN YANG DIINDUKSI ALOKSAN

Akar Dadangkak (Hydrolea spinosa L) secara empiris digunakan oleh masyarakat Kalimantan Selatan sebagai obat antidiabetes. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek antidiabetes fraksi nonpolar dari ekstrak etanol akar dadangkak. Penelitian dimulai dengan ekstraksi akar dadangkak (250 gram) secara maserasi dengan etanol, diperoleh ekstrak etanol (16,62 g). Ekstrak etanol difraksinasi dengan n-Heksan dan Petroleum Eter. Uji antidiabetes menggunakan tikus wistar jantan 20 ekor yang dibagi menjadi 4 kelompok Perlakuan. Kelompok I diberi akuades 2 mL/200 g BB ; kelompok II diberi Glibenklamid 0,45 mg/kgBB ; Kelompok III diberi fraksi n-heksan 100 mg/kg BB dan kelompok IV diberi fraksi Petroleum eter 100 mg/kg BB. Sebelum diberi perlakuan, tikus diinduksi Aloksan dengan dosis 150 mg/kg BB secara intraperitoneal. Hari ke-4 setelah induksi, tikus diberi perlakuan kontrol dan fraksi-fraksi selama 7 hari secara peroral. Pengukuran kadar glukosa darah dilakukan pada hari ke-1, 4 dan 12 menggunakan Gluco-DR. Kadar glukosa darah diuji dengan SPSS taraf kepercayaan 95 %. Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan rata-rata penurunan glukosa darah oleh fraksi n-heksan adalah 189,8 ± 13,59 mg/dL dan fraksi petroleum eter adalah 437,6 ± 8,98 mg/dL. Fraksi n-heksan mampu menurunkan kadar glukosa darah tikus secara signifikan (sig<0.05) dibandingkan terhadap kelompok kontrol. Sedangkan pemberian fraksi Petroleum eter tidak menujukkan penurunan glukosa darah yang signifikan (sig>0.05).

Occurrence of Placer Gold in the Marlagalla-Allapatna Areas, Mandya District, Karnataka

ABSTRACT Occurrence of placer gold is reported for the first time in the insitu and colluvial gravels derived from amphibolite/hornblende schist, associated pegmatite and quartz veins of Nagamangala schist belt in Marlagalla –Allapatna areas, Mandya district, Karnataka. Gold occurs in the form of small nuggets, measured up to 3mmx4mm in size and 0.2 gram in weight. The host rock is amphibolite which are intruded by numerous pegmatite and quartz veins. The pegmatites are complex, highly evolved type and contain economic concentration of rare metal bearing minerals viz., columbite-tantalite, beryl and spodumene. Prolonged weathering of these rocks resulted in liberation of gold from host rocks and concentrated in the insitu/eluvial and colluvial gravels. The present finding of gold opens up a new vista for further detailed geological/geochemical exploration to establish and evaluate gold potential in the eluvial, colluvial gravels as well as in the other lithounits of Nagamangala schist belt in Marlagalla-Allapatna areas.

Biochemical Composition and Nutrient contents of Tilapia Zilli from BarechiL AKE, District Badin, Sindh, Pakistan

The present study on biochemical and nutrient contents of Tilapiazilli was enumerated from August 2015 to July 2016 from Barechi Lake, district Badin Sindh, Pakistan. A total of 30 fish samples ranged from 10.0- 15.0 cm in total length and 21.0- 67.5 grams in weight were taken into consideration. It was observed that the range of percentages of moisture, protein, fat andash contents were 77.06-79.45%, 15.02-17.11%, 1.8-2.9% and 0.95-1.4% respectively. It was noticed that highest percentage of moisture was observed in the month of May (79.45%) and lowest in January (77.21%). In case of protein highest percentage was observed in the month of January (17.11%) and lowest in the month of February (15.02%). The percentage of fat was the high in the month of March (3.2%) and the low in the month of August (1.2%). In case of Ash content, it was the highest in the month of February (1.4%) and the lowest in the month of November (0.95%). Finally it was concluded that in the month of January Tilapia zillifound to be more rich in terms of nutrition.

A Modified Goldblatt 2K1C Kidney Arterial Ligation Method and Salt Consumption: Which one is Best for Hypertensive Mouse Model?

The Goldblatt method is one of several methods that can be used in making mouse model of hypertension. The principle of the Goldblatt method itself aims to cause renovascular hypertension by constricting renal blood vessels that results in hypoxic injury and consequently affects the RAAS (Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System). This study aims to determine whether a modification to the Goldblatt method and an additional high salt consumption could be a more effective method in developing a mouse model of hypertension. This study was done on DDY strain mice with 4 weeks of age and 25-30 grams of weight. A simple ligation to constrict renal blood vessel was used as modification from the original Goldblatt 2K1C (two-kidney, one-clip) method. A total of 32 mice were randomized to receive either a modified Goldblatt, modified Goldblatt with salt diet, sham surgery only, or sham with salt diet. Blood pressure was measured at baseline, first week after intervention, and second week after intervention. The data was then analysed by repeated ANOVA method. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was used to analyse histology appearance. This study showed that using a high salt diet only-method generated a hypertensive state faster compared to the modified Goldblatt method, while the modified Goldblatt method produced a steadier increase of blood pressure. Statistically, there was a significant difference of blood pressure between the sham and salt diet group compared to the other three groups at the first week after intervention (p<0,05). The resulting blood pressure from all the methods used in this study was influenced by time. From all four interventions, it is concluded that the modified Goldblatt 2K1C arterial ligation method with an additional high salt consumption had an effect on mice blood pressure. It is prospective to use the salt intervention method for study of hypertension with a short-time period because its acute effect on the rise of diastolic blood pressure was more rapid than the other three groups. On the other hand, the ligation group produced a steadier increase in diastolic blood pressure, therefore might be effective to be used for study of hypertension in a long-time period.

Hard Metal Production by ERS: Processing Parameter Roles in Final Properties

Cemented carbide is a hard composite material, used widely in a variety of industries. The value of the global tungsten carbide market is expected to grow by 4.4% (compound annual growth rate) from 2017 to 2022. One of the main markets is in metal cutting and wear parts, where small pieces (or inserts), a few grams in weight, are used. Field-assisted sintering technique (FAST) technologies allow for the production of small blanks in a single step from powder, which are near final dimensions. Production cycles are very short. In this paper, one of the FAST processes, the ERS technology, is applied to obtain WC10Co parts. A review of the process variable effects on the final properties of the parts is accomplished. Final properties of a range of conventionally produced inserts are obtained, using 100 MPa compacting pressure, 80 MA/m2 of current density, and processing times of around 800 ms.

PENGARUH PEMBERIAN EKSTRAK METHANOL DAUN Acanthus ilicifolius TOPIKAL TERHADAP JUMLAH MAKROFAG PADA PENYEMBUHAN MODEL ORAL CANDIDIASIS DENGAN KONDISI IMUNOSUPRESI

<p><strong>Background:</strong> <em>Corticosteroid has a strong anti-inflammatory effect, unfortunately long-term usege of corticosteroid drugs can suppressed immune system. This condition makes Candida albicans as an opportunistic phatogen caused Oral Candidiasis. Macrophages have an important role in the first defense against infection. Methanol extract of A.ilicifolius leaf has anti-fungal, anti-inflammatory compounds to fight the growth of Candida albicans. <strong>Purpose:</strong> To determine the effect of methanol extract of A.ilicifolius leaf theraphy to the amount of macrophages in the healing pricess of oral candidiasis models with immunosuppressed conditions. <strong>Method:</strong> </em><em>This study was true experimental with post test only control group design. Thirty-six strain wistar, 3 months old, and 250 grams of weight which were given dexamethason 0.5 mg and tetracycline 0.5mg for 7days, after Candida albican(ATCC10231) was induced for 2 weeks (3 times/week). Rats were divided into 6 groups: untreated(K-), nystatin(K+), A.ilicifolius 8%(P1), A.ilicifolius 12%(P2), A.ilicifolius 16%(P3), A.ilicifolius 20%(P4 ) all groups were treated for 2 weeks. After being treated, the rats tongue biopsied to examine the macrophages with Haematoxylin-eosin staining and observed with microscope (400x magnification). Data analyzed statistically by One-way ANOVA. <strong>Results:</strong> the amount of macrophages at K+(47.60±4.16), P4(40.20±3.56), P3(36.20±1.92), P2(17.00±2.45) were greater than K-(15.60±4.56), P1(14.60±2.70). there are no significant difference between group K- with P1 and P2, P3 with P4. There are significant difference between group K- with K+, K- with P3 and P4. K+ with P1, P2, P3 and P4. Group P1 with P3 and P4. Group P2 with P3 and P4. </em></p><strong><em>Conclusion:</em></strong><em> A.ilicifolius extract can increase the amount of macrophages in oral candidiasis immunosuppression models</em>

First record of Acanthocephala parasites eggs in coprolites preliminary assigned to Crocodyliformes from the Adamantina Formation (Bauru Group, Upper Cretaceous), São Paulo, Brazil.

This study presents the oldest record of Acanthocephala parasite eggs in coprolites preliminary assigned to Crocodyliformes, recovered in the region of Santo Anastácio Municipality, Southwestern São Paulo State. For this, a paleoparasitological investigation was carried out on 53 mineralized coprolites (complete or fragmented), with round shape or cylindrical shape of rounded or pointed ends, 0.2 - 3.9 cm in length x 0.1 - 2.4 cm in diameter, 3.7 grams in weight, and absence of food remains. Individual samples of the surface and internal portions of each coprolite were extracted by electric drill, dissociated with Cloridic Acid 10% solution, washed with Distilled Water, and filtered in granulometric screen Mesh / Tyler 325. After laboratory processing, the sediments retained on the granulometric screen was studied with Glycerin under optical microscopy, and the presence of four Acanthocephala eggs could be observed in sample of only one of these ichnofossils. All specimens were well preserved and showed 72.5 - 85 µm in length x 27.5 - 50 µm in width, elliptical shape, three concentric and thick shells, and embryos in their interior. This study inaugurates investigations and knowledge about Paleoparasitology in Crocodyliformes coprolites from the Bauru Group, Upper Cretaceous from the Paraná Basin.

Explosion of aluminized mixtures in bubble column as a method of underwater compression wave enhancement

The results of experimental investigations of underwater explosions of ideally and nonideally detonating charges in continuous water and in water containing air bubbles are reported. Charges few tens of grams in weight were exploded in a metal reservoir filled with water. Parameters of compression waves generated by explosions in the reservoir were monitored. Based on the experimental data obtained the mechanism and the main stages of nonideal explosions as well as the nature of the effect of enhanced directed impact of blast waves on targets attained with the aid of bubble arrays are discussed.

Penggunaan Scaffold Kitosan-Aloe Vera Terhadap Proliferasi Sel Fibroblas pada Penyembuhan Luka Pasca Pencabutan Gigi Cavia Cobaya

Aloe vera has been investigated potential use in tissue engineering. Its bioactive compounds interact with growth factor receptor on the fibroblast and stimulate cells proliferation. The aim of this study was to investigate the proliferation of fibroblast cells on wound healing process of Cavia cobaya dental extraction using scaffold combination chitosan and Aloe vera. Cavia cobaya male with 300-350 grams of weight and in the age of 3 to 3.5 months. It divided into ten groups (n=5). For Treatment groups, Aloe vera scaffold(Av); Chitosan Scaffold (Ch); Scaffold combination chitosan-Aloe vera (Ch-Av) and scaffold combination chitosan- Aloe vera- hidroksiapatit(Ch-Av-HA) were applied into the socket of dental extraction. For control group, which were not given scaffold. Cavia cobaya were decaputated at 7 and 14 days and the jaw in the treated regions and control group were cut for Histopatology Anatomy examination to investigate the proliferation of fibroblast cells. Data were analyzed using One way Anova test. The proliferation of fibroblast cells were found higher in the group which given Av-Ch and Av-Ch-HA scaffold. The result showed significant differences in proliferation of fibroblast cells for 7 and 14 days observation compared to control group (p<0,05). The application of scaffold combination Chitosan and Aloe vera accelerate the wound healing process of Cavia cobaya dental extraction.

Overproduction of gastric mucus as a mechanism of stomach’s mucosa protection during energy drinks consumption in Wistar rats

Aim: Energy drinks are the most consumed, socially accepted stimulants in the world. They are drunk by drivers and students, and more often also by adolescents and children. It has been noted that some adverse events are due to the stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system and include palpitations, hypertension, diuresis, nausea, vomiting, and convulsions. The health consequences of long-term consumption of energy drinks are not known, but we suppose that continuous stimulation of the body can lead to irreparable changes of tissues. In our study we investigated the impact of long-term energy drink consumption on gastric mucus production. Material/Methods: Ten male young Wistar rats of of 190 grams +/- 64 grams of weight were positioned in two groups: A (experimental) and C (control). The animals of A group received energy drink for 8 weeks. The animals of C group drank just water. After this time the rats of both groups were decapitated and the stomach was taken for histological analysis. The slides were stained with H&E and PAS method and analyzed with Cell^D software. Results: H&E staining indicated an increase in the thickness of the lamina propria of the glandular stomach. PAS staining indicated an increased area of mucus in the gastric glands of the stomach of the experimental group of rats. Conclusions: Regular consumption of energy drinks can lead to changes in the mucosal lining of the stomach, which activate mucus secretion.

SRY gene mutation in Rattus norvegicus induced by various time exposure of mobile phone

Amir A, Darwin E, Juniarto AZ. 2018. Effects of mobile phone exposure to SRY gene in Rattus norvegicus. Biodiversitas 19: 802-808. Mobile phones are low power radio devices, which transmit and receive radio frequency radiation in the microwave spectrum ranging from 900-1,800 MHz through an antenna used closely to the user’s head. Radiation destructs living tissue by altering structure of cell and damaging the DNA, damaging of genetic material in reproductive cells causes mutations and affecting to the next generation. The genetic database of mutation in human SRY gene has been collected and had the correlation between mutation and the occurrence of sex development disorder (translocation). However, the study focussing on SRY gene mutation to the exposure of mobile phone has not been studied, yet. This study was aimed to investigate the effect of various time exposure of mobile phone toward the characteristic of SRY gene fragments in Rattus norvegicus. Experimental research with randomized post test only control design was conducted on 20 Wistar aged 2-3 months with 200-250 grams of weight. Samples were divided into four groups, with three treatment groups based on radiation exposure time (30, 60, and 90 minutes), and one group as control group (without treatment) for 60 days. Following exposure, DNA was isolated from blood of rat, and amplified with a pair of SRY primer set. Positive DNA of SRY gene was assessed by sequencing the genes and determining the mutations. There were three single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of SRY gene in histidine 38 glutamine, (CAT> CAG), proline 76 threonine (CCT >ACT) and leucine 102 leucine (CTG >TTG). Long duration of radiation exposure for 90 minutes increased the risk of SRY gene mutation.

Effect of ethanolic Neem (Azadirachta indica) leaf extract as an herb contraceptive on Hepato-somatic Index of the male mice (Mus musculus)

Neem has been known as herb contraceptive plant which shows an antifertility effect both in male and female rats. The anti-fertility compound of Neem has the same potencies to interfere with or affect the function of several organs. The Hepato-somatic index (HSI) reflects the value of toxic compounds that enter the animal body also. HSI values can also be used to assess animal health levels. A study to examine the effect of ethanolic extract of Neem as an herb contraceptive to the hepato-somatic index of male mice has been done. Neem leaf was collected from the campus area, dried, mashed then extracted with ethanol 70%. Mature male Swiss Webster mice with 25-30 grams in weight were used as laboratory animals. Mice were divided into 4 groups: P0 (given distilled water), P1, P2, and P3 were given Neem leaf extract with 8.4, 11.2 and 14 mg/KgBW/day respectively. Each treatment group had six replications. Treatment was given orally for 21 days. The body weight was measured every week until the end of treatment. The mice were anesthetized with chloroform at the end of treatment, continued by dissecting and isolating liver isolation. The isolated liver is then weighed to determine the HSI value. Data were analyzed with ANOVA followed by DMRT test. The results showed that the body weight of control group showed a significant difference (p<0.05) to the treatment group. The hepatic weights and HSI values of the control group showed nonsignificant differences (p>0.05) with the P1 and P2 treatment groups but showed a significant difference (p<0.05) with the P3 treatment group. It can be concluded that the exposure of ethanolic Neem leaves extract as herb contraceptive affects liver function which causes the increase of hepatic weight and HSI value.

PREFERENSI KONSUMEN TELUR PUYUH DI KOTA KENDARI

The preference of quail egg’s consumer could be determined by measuring the consumer choice. This preference could illustrate the attribute of quail egg that could be produced by producer and accepted by consumer. The aims of this study were to analyze the attitude and behavior of the customer in case of buying quail egg, analyze the level of self interest and satisfaction of the customer to the quail egg attribute, and analyze the customer preference on a variety of the quail egg attributes. Data collected in Kendari, South East Sulawesi and were analyzed using Fishbein Multiattribute Attitude analysis, IPA analysis (Importance Performance Analysis), and Conjoint Analysis. The result of Fishbein Multiattribute Attitude Analysis indicated that the 61,91% consumers were fond of quail egg. In average, the acceptabiity of the customer to the quail egg was ‘quite good’ and the behavior of the customer was consistent but they to re-buy the quail egg. While the result of IPA analysis (Importance Performance Analysis) showed that the most important and the most satisfine attribute of quail egg for customer was colourful attribute. The result of Conjoint Analysis revealed that the preference of the quail egg customer in Kendari City was the quail egg with low price, seasonal availability, less than 10 gram in weight, colourful and unpacking. Keywords: quail egg; Fishbein; IPA; Conjoint analysis

Tobacco use among drivers and conductors in Western Uttar Pradesh, India

Background: Tobacco use is the leading global cause of preventable death. There is estimation that three quarters of these deaths will be in low and middle income countries. Very few studies were available on the tobacco habit of transport staff from India. Aims and Objectives: Prevalence of habits for various tobacco products and initiating/ quitting patterns of these habits in Drivers and conductors. Material and Methods: Cross sectional survey was conducted on the staff of drivers conductors, technicians of government bus depot. Out of total 903 staff 702 could be contacted and surveyed. Results: The mean age was 36.4 ± 10.3 years. The mean age of initiation was 10-15 years. This have very high rate (77.9%) of tobacco and alcohol use. As a single habit chewing was more popular compared to smoking followed by alcohol. More than half of the chewers consume more than 4 pkts (20-25 grams in weight) of Gutka per day an even 30 to 40 pkts of Gutka consumption in a single day was reported by some staff. Addiction was a common feature for tobacco habit in this community for tobacco use (97%). Peer group pressure was the most important single cause of initiation of tobacco habits. Nearly half (44.3%) tobacco users want to quit the habit. Most common symptoms which tobacco users have were burning sensation in stomach or acidity. Conclusions: Repeated awareness programmes about the ill effect of tobacco and counselling/ de-addiction programmes are very much needed from the transport department and government are needed to improve the situation

Age and growth of the fish, Gerres filamentosus (Cuvier, 1829) from Hurghada Red Sea, Egypt

A total of 669, Gerres filamentosus (Cuvier, 1829) were collected from Hurghada area in the Egyptian Red Sea coast (January – December 2010). The author investigated the age and growth by two different methods through scale-annuli reading (Direct method) and Length-frequency distribution (Indirect method) which showed new record of lengths for the species. The equations of the length-weight relationship was W=0.0143∗ L2.9564 (Males), W=0.0146∗ L2.9543 (Females) and W=0.0144∗ L2.9597 (combined sexes). The von Bertalanffy growth equation was calculated by three different mathematical methods. It was concluded that it would be economical to protect this species from capture until at least their 5th year, after the fish has reached about 32.71cm in total length and about 439.15grams in weight.

EFFECT OF SECANG WOOD (CEASALPINIA SAPPAN L.) EXTRACT ON MORPHOLOGY OF SPERMATOZOA, SPERM COUNT, AND REVERSIBLE PROCESS IN MALE RATS

Background: Limited choice of contraception for males is one of the reasons why their participation is low. Secang wood is considered as an alternative contraception that has an influence in the morphology and number of spermatozoa and reversible in nature.&#x0D; Objective: To examine the effect of extracts of secang wood in the morphology of spermatozoa, sperm count and reversible process in male mice.&#x0D; Methods: This was a quasi-experimental study with randomized posttest only control group design. There were 32 male rats (Mus Muscullus L) recruited in this study. Four groups were involved, namely: 1) ethanol group, 2) chloroform fraction, 3) water fraction, and 4) control group. Each group consisted of 8 mice. There were two treatments in this study: 1) each group was given secang extract with dose 50 mg/25 gram of weight, 2) the observation period was 10 days after the treatment. Four mice in each group was dissected to see the morphology and sperm count while the other four mice were allowed to live and maintained until 20 days to see reversible morphology and sperm count.&#x0D; Results: The extract of secang wood at a dose of 50mg/25gram weight could increase the abnormal sperm morphology and lower sperm count. There was a significant difference between the treatment group and control group with p-value &lt;0.05. The extract was also reversible on the morphology and sperm count.&#x0D; Conclusion: There was a significant effect of secang wood extract on sperm morphology, the number of spermatozoa, and reversible process. This study provides the insight of scientific information about the effect of the secang extracts on the number and morphology of spermatozoa, and it could be used as a basis for further research in human in the development of natural contraceptive on a reversible man.

A case report of twin reversed arterial perfusion sequence with expectant management

Acardiac twin or TRAP (twin reversed arterial perfusion) sequence is a rare complication of monochorionic pregnancies. In these cases, the heart is either absent or non-functional. It’s controversial whether conservative management or therapeutic treatment is better in TRAP-sequence. In this case, we present a 19-years old, primigravida diagnosed with spontaneous monochorionic monoamniotic twin pregnancy at 7th week of gestation. One of the fetuses had a crown-rump length of 8 mm and fetal heart rate 122/minute while the other one had a crown-rump of 7 mm with no detected fetal heartbeat. At the 11th week of gestation, the acardiac twin continued growing despite the absence of the fetal heart beat and fetal extremities. The cranium could not be evaluated clearly. The diagnosis of TRAP sequence was confirmed by the reversed direction of flow observed in the umbilical artery. Since the patient and her husband did not want any intervention, no interventional diagnostic and treatment modalities were applied. Preterm labor started at the 32th week. Because the presentations were transverse and breech, pump and acardiac fetus, respectively, a cesarean delivery was performed. A healthy female baby, weighing 1650 gr with APGAR scores of 9-10, first and fifth minutes, respectively, was delivered along with the acardiac fetus which was 1550 gram in weight, fetal heart beat negative, with upper and lower extremity deformities. The uniqueness of the present case is that there was no significant difference in the weight of both twins. The acardiac twin was as large as the pump twin. Except for twenty days hospitalization because of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome, which was a consequence of preterm labor, there were no problems with the pump twin even though managed conservatively. In monochorionic twin pregnancies, when one of the twins is found to be fetal heartbeat negative and it continues to grow with concomitant structural abnormalities, the TRAP sequence should come to mind. If the acardiac fetus is small and the pump fetus has no complications, the conservative approach can be considered. Our goal should be to deliver the pump twin with minimal complications. To achieve this, follow-ups and treatment should be individualized for each patient, the pump fetus should be monitored closely.

Research study on possibilities to increase Mongolian mutton industry

According to current tendencies of world sheep industry development and suiting to government strategy to intensifying animal husbandry! and production especially in meat industryк we have developed a strain using the Barga meat and fat breed ram onto local Mongolian breed sheep by outbreeding method which increased meat yield and tail fat accumulation.The National Institute of Animal Husbandry/ has conducted research studies from 2011 to 2015 in Arvaikheer, Baruunbayan-Ulaan, Bat-Ulzii, Bayan-Undur, Bavangol, Bogd, Guchin-Us, Yusunzuil, Zuunbayan-Ulaan, Narunteel, Ulznt, Sant, Taragt.Tugrug, Uyanga, Khairkhan-Dulaan, Kharkhonn and Khujirt soums of Uvurkhangai aimag aiming at documenting growth and development of offspring from outbreeding Barga ram and local Mongolian breed sheep, for 4.5 years of duration by commonly used methods which expresses comparative results of live body weight by kilogram and determined the overall and relative growth.In pasture grazing condition, birth weights of lambs were 3. 76±0.25-3.85±0.12 kg and at 8 months of age 36.46±0.37kg which shows rapid growth with daily addition of 140 grams of weight. In the following months, due to poor nutrition and pasture for ewes, milk yield decreases drastically which directly affects lambs along with inadequate food supplement given which slowed intensity/ of growth, however during summer and autumn season, lambs gained weight and at 18 months of age, body weight were 53.6±0.35kg which is 8.5-8.7 times higher than those of new born weight.

Evaluation of cadmium and lead levels in fillet marine fish (Otolithes ruber and Lutjanus johni)-from Persian Gulf

Background: Pollution of aquatic system with heavy metals is one of the important environmental problems that can make toxic marine organisms and aquatic food chain, so it is a risk factor for human health over time. Objective: The present study aimed to the evaluation of cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) Levels in fillet marine fish (Otolithes ruber and Lutjanus johni) from Persian Gulf. Materials and Methods: At the first, 50 fish samples (O. ruber and L. johni) were collected during winter and spring of 2012 at three different sites from Persian Gulf. The Cd and Pb concentrations were determined with an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The results expressed in micrograms of metal per dry weight gram of fish (μg/g). Results: The results were validated according to the International Standards Organization 17025 accreditation. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS software at the significant level of 95%. Maximum Cd and Pb concentration were seen in O. ruber (0.47 μg/g and L. johni (3.12 μg/g), respectively. No significance difference between the fish size and the metal levels for Cd was recorded in fish (P > 0.05). The relationship between the fish size and Pb level in the muscles was positive in two fish species (P