Grammatical Commentary Research Articles

LEXICOGRAPHIC FIXATION OF NATIONALLY MARKED UNITS OF MINORITY LANGUAGES (ON THE EXAMPLE OF ELECTRONIC DICTIONARIES OF SCOTS AND SCOTTISH GAELIC)

This paper considers the peculiarities of the lexicographic fixation of nationally marked units of minority languages in Scotland, in particular Scots and Scottish Gaelic. The aim of this paper is to analyse dictionary entries and to determine the features of lexicographic representation of nationally-marked units at the microstructural level by identifying common and distinctive features. The source base is represented by such online dictionaries as The Dictionaries of Scots Language and Am Faclair Beag. The paper presents a brief overview of the creation of dictionaries, which constitute the source base of the research, and also provides a brief overview of their macrostrcture. The common features include the presence of interpretation (translation), transcription and grammatical commentary, while the differences include different formats of illustrating the usage of a lexical item (territorial – in Scottish Gaelic, situational – in Scots). Methods used in the study: general scientific (analysis and synthesis), critical dictionary research, diachronic and synchronic methods.

The Story of Mālinī (Mālinī-vastu) in the Mahāvastu

This paper presents a new edition and translation of the chapter Mālinī-vastu as preserved in the Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit text Mahāvastu, together with a grammatical commentary and some notes on the structure of this chapter. The edition is based on the oldest manuscript of the Mahāvastu, the so-called ms. Sa, which often offers better readings than those proposed by Émile Senart in his editio princeps of the text from 1882–1897.

Anotacja gramatyczna tekstu staropolskiego – problemy i wyzwania

GRAMMATICAL ANNOTATION OF AN OLD POLISH TEXT: PROBLEMS AND CHALLENGES ABSTRACT The paper is focused on grammatical annotation of Old Polish texts The authors discuss the prob-lems faced by the annotator in creating an annotation tool suitable for the analysis of texts written during the period of intensive changes in the Polish language The article presents the main assump-tions of grammatical annotation developed under the grant: The origins of Polish language and reli-gious culture in the light of the medieval apocrypha of the New Testament. A universal tool for the study of Polish apocryphal texts, as well as the system of classes and categories developed in the course of the research on Old Polish apocrypha The functionalities of the tool for the linguistic research are also presented: a grammatical and lexical search engine and a grammatical commentary.

Continuity and change in the evolution of French yes-no questions

AbstractThis present study contributes to research on the structure of yes-no questions in French. Informed by previous historical linguistic research tracing developments from the Old French period onwards, we focus on qualitative analysis of grammatical commentary and variationist analysis of Acadian French spoken-language data. We compare the evolution of yes-no questions in Acadian, Metropolitan, and Quebec French, reconstructing the history of variants up to the present. While in most cases we encounter slow-moving change, we do find inter-varietal differences in degree of retention of individual variants, including outright loss; in development of stylistic differentiation; and in analogically based innovation. We also find inter-varietal differences in grammatical constraints governing usage and in the fine detail regarding sentential polarity, illuminated in terms of the semantico-pragmatic functions of negative yes-no questions. The overall results underline the importance of considering sociolinguistic histories, including histories of dialect contact, along with local linguistic markets.

Сопоставление аббревиатур в русском и китайском языках

This article deals with the definition and types of abbreviations in Russian and Chinese languages; abbreviations are compared in both languages on examples taken from the media. The purpose of research is to analyze various types of abbreviations on modern social issues in Russian and Chinese. The basic method is comparison followed by lexical and grammatical commentary. As a result, the differences and similarities of abbreviations in two languages of different structure are revealed.

O wyjątkowym średniowiecznym komentarzu do tłumaczenia modlitw

On one exceptional mediaeval commentary on translation of prayers
 The paper is an analysis of a mediaeval grammatical commentary on translation of prayers into Polish (from the manuscript BJ 1297). The author discusses the various problems that the writer engages in the context of the preserved copies of basic prayers. The paper reveals the unusual linguistic awareness of the writer who uses the grammatical system of Latin, with which he is acquainted, to build a mode of thinking about Polish, and who reflects upon Polish, recognizes its diversification, and sees in it a chance to express the content enclosed in Latin structures. The commentary is simultaneously metatextual and metalinguistic as the writer uses, through the discussed texts, the grammar of contemporary Polish as his subject of reference.

Heritage and Innovation in the Grammatical Analysis of Latin

Summary The Ars Ambrosiana is an early medieval Latin grammatical commentary on Donatus’ Ars maior, written in Northern Italy in the 6th or 7th century A.D. In comparison with preceding grammatical commentaries, the Ars Ambrosiana displays a much more profound Christian-exegetical way of thinking. This study opens with an overview of the historicalcultural context of the grammatical commentary and of the general way of thinking of its anonymous author. The remainder of the article consists in an analysis of the, to some extent highly original, framework which the author uses for describing the Latin language, illustrated by a brief study of the terms agnitio (“recognition”) and nuntiatio (“[linguistic] form”), and their combinations with the adjectives specialis (“special”) and tota (“entire/ whole”).

Thucydides Book I: A Student's Grammatical Commentary

Thucydides Book I: A Student's Grammatical Commentary

On the Notion of iṣlāḥ in Ibn ʽAǧība's Ṣūfī and Grammatical Commentary

The article analyses the notion of iṣlāḥ in the commentary of an 18th-century Moroccan Ṣūfī, the Šāḏilite Aḥmad Ibn ʿAǧība on the grammar of Ibn Āǧurrūm aṣ-Ṣanhāǧī entitled Āǧurrūmiyya. In his voluminous commentary of over 200 pages, Ibn ʿAǧība wanted to demonstrate the necessary unity of the internal (bāṭin) and external (ẓāhir) sciences, that is why he wrote a double (linguistic and Ṣūfī) commentary.

Late latin grammars in the early middle ages

Summary The popularity, and hence survival, of certain of the grammars of late Antiquity in the early Middle Ages can to a large extent be described in typological terms. The two principal ancient genres, the Schulgrammatik and the regulae type, were joined in the fifth century by a new genre, the grammatical commentary. The overwhelming importance of Donatus and commentaries on Donatus and the emergence of the elementary foreign-language grammar in the seventh and eighth centuries reveal the subsistence level of language study in early Christendom. The conceptually more challenging grammars of the regulae type, as well as shorter works of the Schulgrammatik type, suffered a temporary eclipse. The greater linguistic confidence of the Carolingian Renaissance shifted the balance toward works of a more varied and demanding nature. Priscian’s Partitiones and Institutiones grammaticae re-entered circulation and in the next few centuries were assiduously excerpted and glossed. Ancient Donatus commentaries were superseded by newly-written ones and were joined by Carolingian commentaries on the principal authors of the regulae type, Phocas and Eutyches. Shorter grammars of the Schulgrammatik type and minor regulae grammars enjoyed a brief return to favour in the first half of the ninth century but failed to establish themselves in the curriculum. Instead, Carolingian teachers devoted themselves to the development of another new genre, the parsing grammar, which was to survive well into the sixteenth century. The survival pattern of Late Latin grammars thus reflects the priorities of the early Middle Ages. In an environment in which the Latin language, and with it basic literacy, were barely established, the theoretical disquisitions of Varro and Priscian were irrelevant and unhelpful. Many ancient grammatical texts were undoubtedly lost at the end of Antiquity, during the transition from papyrus to parchment; others may well have disappeared in the pre-Carolingian period, when the demands of elementary language teaching were uppermost. This was the final hurdle: those ancient grammars which survived to the Carolingian Renaissance are virtually all available today.

Robert Sutherland's Latin Epitaph: Text, Translation, and Commentary

Sutherland was one of the earliest graduates of Queen’s University, as well as the University’s first black graduate; he was also an early benefactor of the school. He graduated with honours in Classics and Mathematics in 1852, winning 14 academic prizes. Queen’s has honoured its first major benefactor in many ways, including naming the Policy Studies Building and a room in the John Deustch University Centre after him, and designating several awards and scholarships in his name. The first major honour, ordered by Principal George Monro Grant in 1878, was a Latin inscribed monument set up over Sutherland's grave in Toronto's Mount Pleasant Cemetery. Sutherland's contributions to Queen’s and Principal Grant’s installation of the monument are well documented, but the monument itself has received almost no attention. There is no image of it or its epitaph in the Queen's Archives, and publications including the inscription do so only in English translation. In Queen's 175th anniversary year, the need to document this monument and its Latin inscription is clear. The goal of this research project was to photograph Sutherland's tombstone in Mount Pleasant Cemetery, transcribe the Latin text, translate the text into English, and provide a historical and grammatical commentary.

Contes Lazes

THIS collection of folk-tales from the Caucasus has a double interest. To that of the folk-lore content is added that of the linguistic material. The volume contains a collection of tales related to the author in Constantinople by a young Georgian, a native of Lazistan, in his own language. The themes, for the most part, are familiar, but the tales are told with a delightful naiveté. Some, as the author points out, probably have a literary origin. From the scientific point of view the chief value of the collection lies in the linguistic analysis of the little-known language of Lazistan. The author provides an interline, as well as a running, translation and a grammatical commentary.

Commentary on First CorinthiansA Critical and Grammatical Commentary on St. Paul's First Epistle to the Corinthians. Charles J. Ellicott

Commentary on First Corinthians<i>A Critical and Grammatical Commentary on St. Paul's First Epistle to the Corinthians</i>. Charles J. Ellicott