Types Of Grafting Research Articles

Astigmatic changes following pterygium removal: Comparison of 5 different methods

Aims:To investigate the effect of surgery type on the postoperative astigmatism in pterygium surgery.Settings and Design:Retrospective comparative clinical trial.Materials and Methods:Data of 240 eyes that underwent pterygium excision were investigated. Following removal of the pterygium, patients underwent 5 different types of surgeries: Conjunctival autograft with sutures (CAG-s) or fibrin glue (CAG-g), conjunctival rotational flap (CRF), or amniotic membrane transplantation with either suture (AMT-s) or with glue (AMT-g). The preoperative and postoperative keratometric measurements, evaluated using an automated keratorefractometer, were noted.Statistical Analysis:The overall changes in BCVA and astigmatic degree were evaluated using Wilcoxon signed rank test. The difference in astigmatic values between groups was calculated using one way analysis of variance (ANOVA).Results:The most commonly performed procedure was CAG-s (N = 115), followed by CAG-g (N = 53), CRF (N = 47), AMT-s (N = 15), and AMT-g (N = 10). Following surgery, astigmatic values decreased from 3.47 ± 2.50 D to 1.29 ± 1.07 D (P < 0.001, paired t test). The changes in astigmatism was significantly related to the preoperative size of the pterygium (ρ = 3.464, P = 0.005). The postoperative astigmatism correlated with preoperative astigmatism (ρ = 0.351, P < 0.001, Spearman correlation analysis). The changes in astigmatic values was not related to the method of surgery (P = 0.055, ANOVA).Conclusion:Pterygium results in high corneal astigmatism, which decreases to an acceptable level following excision. According to our study, the type of grafting as CAG, CRF or AMT or the use of suture or glue to fixate the graft does not have a significant effect on the change in astigmatism degree.

The short nose: Preoperative evaluation and management

Lengthening the short nose is considered the most difficult operation in rhinoplasty Several techniques have been described ranging from a mere tip graft up to paranasal osteotomies. After preoperative evaluation and measurements, the author suggests a method of lengthening by cartilage grafting using either costal or septal grafts. The type of cartilage grafting depends on the preoperative condition of the nasal septum and the availability of the adequate septal graft. If deemed inappropriate, a costal cartilage graft is harvested and shaped to give the desired effect. By applying the technique in 8 patients, adequate lengthening was achieved in 5 cases. The main obstacle to reach the desired length is the inadequate stretchability of the skin envelope especially after a previous trauma or an operation.

Followup and Outcome of Renal Transplant Patients with Deceased after Cardiac Death Donors (DCD)

Introduction: Renal transplantation is the best cost effective treatment for end-stage renal failure and improves quality of life, when compared with dialysis. Prior to the introduction, in the mid 1970s of legislation defining the diagnosis of brain-stem death, transplant organs were removed from DCD. Despite renewed interest in DCD kidney transplantation, very few clinical programmes have been developed this type of grafting. We analyzed the function and outcome of kidney transplants performed from DCD in our hospital. Patients and methods: From 1999 until december 2011, 35 patients were grafted with kidneys from DCD. This group was compared with recipients of standard criteria donors (SCD) matched for age, sex, number of transplants and HLA. Immunosupression was performed with Basiliximab, Predinisone, Tacrolimus and Micophenolate Mofetil. Acute rejection episodes were treated with Methylprednisolone boluses, and ATG-FRESENIUS® when necessary. Results: The delayed graft function rate was higher on DCD transplants than in SCD graft. Serum creatinine levels was significantly better in the DCD, 1.5 mg/dl versus 1.75 mg/dl. Graft survival at 5 year was 84% in DCD and 85% in SCD. Patient survival in both groups was 100%. Patients grafted with DCD were hospitalized longer and needed more dialysis. Acute rejection episodes were more frequent in DCD. Conclusion: This source of kidneys has evidence of equivalent graft function and survival, compared with SCD and may contribute to expand de donor pool

Mechanism of phytohormone involvement in feedback regulation of cotton leaf senescence induced by potassium deficiency.

To elucidate the phytohormonal basis of the feedback regulation of leaf senescence induced by potassium (K) deficiency in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), two cultivars contrasting in sensitivity to K deficiency were self- and reciprocally grafted hypocotyl-to-hypocotyl, using standard grafting (one scion grafted onto one rootstock), Y grafting (two scions grafted onto one rootstock), and inverted Y grafting (one scion grafted onto two rootstocks) at the seedling stage. K deficiency (0.03mM for standard and Y grafting, and 0.01mM for inverted Y grafting) increased the root abscisic acid (ABA) concentration by 1.6- to 3.1-fold and xylem ABA delivery rates by 1.8- to 4.6-fold. The K deficiency also decreased the delivery rates of xylem cytokinins [CKs; including the zeatin riboside (ZR) and isopentenyl adenosine (iPA) type] by 29–65% and leaf CK concentration by 16–57%. The leaf ABA concentration and xylem ABA deliveries were consistently greater in CCRI41 (more sensitive to K deficiency) than in SCRC22 (less sensitive to K deficiency) scions under K deficiency, and ZR- and iPA-type levels were consistently lower in the former than in the latter, irrespective of rootstock cultivar or grafting type, indicating that cotton shoot influences the levels of ABA and CKs in leaves and xylem sap. Because the scions had little influence on phytohormone levels in the roots (rootstocks) of all three types of grafts and rootstock xylem sap (collected below the graft union) of Y and inverted Y grafts, it appears that the site for basipetal feedback signal(s) involved in the regulation of xylem phytohormones is the hypocotyl of cotton seedlings. Also, the target of this feedback signal(s) is more likely to be the changes in xylem phytohormones within tissues of the hypocotyl rather than the export of phytohormones from the roots.

Superior Capsule Reconstruction to Restore Superior Stability in Irreparable Rotator Cuff Tears

Background: There have been many clinical reports of patch graft surgery for irreparable rotator cuff tears. However, the retear rate of the patch graft is relatively high because of the lack of superior stability, causing subacromial abrasions. Purpose: To compare superior stability among 3 types of patch grafting for simulated irreparable rotator cuff tears. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Eight cadaveric shoulders were tested in a custom shoulder testing system. Superior translation of the humerus, subacromial contact pressure, and glenohumeral joint force were quantified in the following 5 conditions: (1) when the rotator cuff was intact, (2) after cutting the supraspinatus tendon, (3) after the patch graft to reconstruct the supraspinatus tendon, (4) after the patch graft to reconstruct the superior capsule, and (5) after the patch graft to reconstruct both the supraspinatus tendon and superior capsule. While the graft was sutured to the torn tendon in condition 3, the graft was attached to the superior glenoid in condition 4. Results: Compared with values for intact rotator cuffs, cutting the supraspinatus tendon significantly increased superior translation (P < .05), significantly increased subacromial contact pressure (P < .05), and significantly decreased glenohumeral compression force (P < .05). Superior translation was restored partially after the supraspinatus tendon patch graft and restored fully after the superior capsule patch graft and after both patch grafts. All patch grafts fully restored the subacromial contact pressure (P < .05) but did not alter the glenohumeral joint force. Conclusion: When patch graft surgery is chosen for irreparable rotator cuff tears, the graft should be attached medially to the superior glenoid and laterally to the greater tuberosity to restore superior stability of the humeral head. Clinical Relevance: The superior capsule patch graft completely restored superior stability of the glenohumeral joint, while patch grafting to the supraspinatus tendon partially restored superior translation.

Mechanistic study of maleic anhydride grafting onto fatty double bonds using mass spectrometry

The grafting of maleic anhydride onto fatty C=C double bonds is a well-known and used method to functionalize triglyceride molecules. Nevertheless, grafted products are not actually structurally well defined. In this work, the thermal grafting of maleic anhydride onto (un)saturated fatty acid esters without the use of an initiator was characterized in order to determine the nature of the products formed during this reaction. Complementary spectrometric techniques, ESI-MS(n) (ion-trap mass spectrometer), IMS-MS(n) (Q-IMS-TOFMS) and GC/MS, were used to identify the grafted products which were prepared using either ethyl oleate (EtO) or methyl linoleate (MeL) as model molecules and maleic anhydride (MA). Lithiated adducts were investigated since they yield useful structural information when subjected to collision-induced dissociation (CID) in tandem mass spectrometry. A high number of products are formed during MA grafting and various reaction types could occur. Radical addition of maleic anhydride followed by combination or elimination reactions led to succinic and maleic anhydride grafting, respectively. The addition occurred with or without double-bond shift; the resulting derivatives showed succinic and maleic anhydride branching in the α-position relative to the double bond or onto the carbon atom of the initial double bond. Some structures obtained by radical addition and combination were also consistent with the Alder ene functionalization reaction. The Diels-Alder addition between di-unsaturated fatty acid chains and maleic anhydride could yield cyclic forms of MA-grafted derivatives. We have shown that ESI-MS(n) and IMS-MS(n) allow the identification of grafted products providing relevant structural information concerning isomers. These methods permit the rapid and direct analyses of 'crude reaction mixtures'.

Cotton shoot plays a major role in mediating senescence induced by potassium deficiency

The objective of this study was to determine the roles of shoot and root in the regulation of premature leaf senescence induced by potassium (K) deficiency in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Two contrasting cultivars (CCRI41, more sensitive to K deficiency; and SCRC22, a less sensitive cultivar) were selected for self- and reciprocal-grafting, using standard grafting (one scion/one rootstock), Y grafting (two scions/one rootstock) and inverted Y grafting (one scion/two rootstocks) at the seedling stage. Standard grafting was studied in the field in 2007 and 2008. There were no obvious differences in senescence between CCRI41 and SCRC22 scions while supplied with sufficient K. However, SCRC22 scions showed significantly greater K content, SPAD values (chlorophyll content), soluble protein content and net photosynthetic rates than CCRI41 scions while grown in K deficient solution or soil, regardless of rootstock cultivars, grafting types, growth stage and growth conditions. Also, SCRC22 scions had greater yield and less variation in boll weight either between upper- and lower sympodials, or between proximal and distal fruit positions from the main stem in the field under K deficiency, probably owing to reduced leaf senescence. Although the effect of rootstocks on leaf senescence under K deficiency was significant in some cases, the scion cultivars explained the highest percentage of variations within grafting treatments. The shoot-to-root feedback signal(s), rather than high shoot demand for K nutrition, was involved in the shoot regulation of premature senescence in cotton plants, achieved possibly by altering root K uptake.

Desenvolvimento e produtividade do maracujazeiro-amarelo enxertado em três porta-enxertos

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o desenvolvimento vegetativo e a produtividade do maracujazeiro-amarelo (Passiflora edulis Sims) enxertado sobre três porta-enxertos em área sem histórico de morte prematura de plantas. O experimento foi conduzido no município de Adamantina-SP, no período de abril de 2006 a junho de 2007, adotando-se o delineamento em blocos ao acaso, em esquema fatorial 3 x 2 + 1 tratamento adicional, com quatro repetições. Os fatores avaliados foram três porta-enxertos: Passiflora edulis, P. alata e P. gibertii, em dois sistemas de enxertia, a hipocotiledonar e a convencional por garfagem tipo fenda cheia, e um tratamento adicional, sem enxertia. Utilizou-se como copa o maracujazeiro-amarelo (Passiflora edulis Sims). Avaliaram-se o diâmetro do caule do porta-enxerto, o diâmetro do caule do enxerto, o comprimento de entrenó, o comprimento dos ramos secundários, o número de ramos terciários, o número de frutos, a massa média de frutos, a produtividade e as fitomassas verde e seca das plantas. Observou-se que as três espécies estudadas podem ser utilizadas como porta-enxertos para o maracujazeiro-amarelo, com diferentes níveis de compatibilidade. P. edulis demonstrou maior compatibilidade como porta-enxerto por apresentar-se superior aos demais na maioria dos parâmetros analisados. Plantas enxertadas sobre P. gibertii apresentaram menor vigor, menor crescimento vegetativo, frutos com menor massa e menor produtividade. A enxertia hipocotiledonar resultou em maior massa média de frutos e maior produtividade no maracujazeiro-amarelo.

Effect of rootstock on the scion of Hevea brasiliensis through metabolic analysis of latex samples by ¹H NMR

In this study, the effect of rootstock on grafting through metabolomic analysis of latex (Hevea brasiliensis) samples was verified by ¹H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and multivariate data analysis. Sixteen metabolites present in the latex cytosol were characterized by NMR. PCA analysis showed that the latex samples of the RR and GR groups can be differentiated. The GR group samples present a metabolic profile similar to the RR group samples, while the RG group is in an intermediate position between RR and GG groups. Sucrose and formate contributed greatly to the separation obtained by PCA, presenting a good correlation between the results. ¹H NMR was an efficient technique to differentiate latex samples from different types of rootstocks and grafting and in the future could be used to predict rubber production by latex analysis.

NanoBiphasic Ceramics for Tissue Engineering: A Review

Different bone injuries may call for different types of bone grafting and unique bone graft materials. The ideal bone-graft substitute is biocompatible, bioresorbable, osteoconductive, osteoinductive; in short structurally similar to bone, easy to use, and cost-effective. The current choice of bone grafts is the autograft since it possesses all the characteristics necessary for new bone growth but has its own limitations. Ceramics are one of the substitutes for bone grafts owing to the resemblance of their chemical structure to inorganic bone matrix component. Ceramics offer no possibility for disease transmission. This review discusses the use of various ceramic compositions and advantages of application of nanotechnology in this field.

Modalidades de enxertia para maracujazeiro: avaliação preliminar nas condições da Depressão Cuiabana

O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar duas modalidades de enxertia para a cultura do maracujazeiro nas condições da Depressão Cuiabana. O ensaio foi realizado no viveiro da Fazenda Experimental da Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária - FAMEV, da Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, localizada no município de Santo Antônio do Leverger. Foram utilizadas modalidades de enxertia do tipo garfagem em fenda cheia e fenda lateral, em três pontos distintos dos porta-enxertos: acima da inserção das primeiras folhas ou enxertia de topo, acima de três folhas e acima de cinco folhas. As mudas utilizadas como porta-enxerto foram obtidas através de sementes oriundas do IAC (Instituto Agronômico de Campinas - SP) da cultivar IAC 275 e do acesso Roxinho-miúdo. Os garfos usados como enxertos foram retirados de plantas jovens da cultivar IAC 275, com três meses de idade e diâmetro de 0,5 cm. A percentagem de pegamento da enxertia e o desenvolvimento de plantas foram superiores pelo método de garfagem em fenda cheia, sendo também maiores em porta-enxertos com cinco folhas, em relação aos de três e aos sem folhas. A garfagem em fenda cheia mostrou-se mais adequada, uma vez que, com essa modalidade, obtiveram-se 98% de pegamento.

Biopolymer mediated trehalose uptake for enhanced erythrocyte cryosurvival

A biopolymer has been shown to facilitate efficient delivery of trehalose, a bioprotectant normally impermeable to the phospholipid bilayer, into ovine erythrocytes. Cellular uptake of trehalose was found to be dependent on polymer pendant amino acid type and degree of grafting, polymer concentration, pH, external trehalose concentration, incubation temperature and time. Optimization of these parameters yielded an intracellular trehalose concentration of 123 ± 16 m m and concomitant improvement of erythrocyte cryosurvival of up to 20.4 ± 5.6%. Intracellular trehalose was shown to impart cellular osmoprotection up to an external osmolarity of 230 mOsm and increased osmotic sensitivity above this threshold. Biopolymer mediated membrane permeability was shown to be rapidly and completely reversible via washing with phosphate buffered saline.

Grafting of Lanthanide Complexes on Silica Surfaces: A Theoretical Investigation

Grafting catalysts on a surface leads to heterogeneous catalysts with well-defined active sites. However, the grafting mode of a lanthanum complex onto silica remains unknown. To shed light on this grafting reaction, different studies have been achieved in the framework of density functional theory. The silica substrate hydroxylated at 700 degrees C has been simulated both by molecular and periodic models. The created molecular models are in agreement with the rigidity of the ligand, the surface density of silanol groups, and the different spectroscopic data of a silica surface partially dehydroxylated at 700 degrees C. Two possible models of surface have henceforth been considered: the first one with one isolated silanol and the second one with two vicinal silanols linked by a siloxane bridge. The thermodynamics of a grafting reaction of lanthanum catalysts on these models has also been investigated. This reaction leads to thermodynamically stable structures that reveal different types of grafting: monografted, bigrafted, or bigrafted after breaking of a Si-O-Si bridge. Similarly to experimental approaches, coordination of triphenylphosphine oxide (O=PPh(3)) has also been considered as a probe of the grafting mode. A good agreement between the theoretical and the experimental spectroscopic values has systematically been found, but none of the grafting modes seem to be more relevant. Accordingly, it is necessary to consider in subsequent studies that all grafting modes coexist, increasing the difficulty to theoretically investigate multistep reactions.

1078 THE COMBINATION OF VEIN GRAFTING AND TWO DIFFERENT TYPES OF CORPOREAL PLICATION IN COMPLEX CURVATURE DUE TO PEYRONIE'S DISEASE

You have accessJournal of UrologySexual Function/Dysfunction/Andrology: Peyronie's Disease/Surgical Therapy I1 Apr 20101078 THE COMBINATION OF VEIN GRAFTING AND TWO DIFFERENT TYPES OF CORPOREAL PLICATION IN COMPLEX CURVATURE DUE TO PEYRONIE'S DISEASE Onder Kayigil, Mustafa Aldemir, and Emrah Okulu Onder KayigilOnder Kayigil More articles by this author , Mustafa AldemirMustafa Aldemir More articles by this author , and Emrah OkuluEmrah Okulu More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2010.02.2237AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InEmail INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate the surgical results of incision and vein grafting combined with two types of plication sutures including Essed-Schroder and longitudinal imbrication to correct the cavernous sacculation in complex curvature due to Peyronie's disease. METHODS Sixty one patients with Peyronie's disease were surgically treated between 2004-2008 to correct penile curvature.Twenty of the patients had complex curvature of more than 1 direction causing penile torsion.The degree of penile angulation was >50° in all the patients.Eight of the 20 patients had cavernous sacculation which was defined as a new concept including albugineal elonguation except the normally morphological cavernosal stricture diagnosed intraoperatively and thus to establish sufficient cosmetic result,longitudinal imbrication on the cavernous sacculation combined with the venous grafting and Essed-Schroder plication was performed in these patients as a new surgical technique.All the patients were asked to answer the IIEF questionnaire pre and postoperatively. RESULTS The mean follow up period was 21 months. No operative complications were observed.The mean total IIEF score was 45.6±4.2 before operation, and it was reported to be 58±5.4 at the end of the follow up.Complete penile straightening was achieved in all the patients.Two patients reported penile shortening without expressing any dissatisfaction about it.One patient complained of anesthesia on part of the skin of the penile shaft.All the patients were satisfied with the final surgical results. CONCLUSIONS This approach differs from other techniques since all of the patients had Peyronie's plaque at the opposite side to the curvature, one standard tunical plication suture was used at the beginning of the correction in order to avoid extensive tunical incision and venous patch on the other side to correct residual curvature.We observed cavernous sacculation especially in the patients with complex curvature and defined this concept as albugineal elonguation except the normally morphological cavernosal stricture which caused some degree of torsion beside the angulation.We didn't satisfied with the final cosmetic results unless having performed longitudinal imbrication sutures in a group of these eight patients and performed this technique beside the venous patch and Essed-Schroder plication sutures.Combination of the surgical methods may be necessary to correct the complex deformities. Further studies with larger patient populations are needed to standardize these procedures. Ankara, Turkey© 2010 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 183Issue 4SApril 2010Page: e420 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2010 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Onder Kayigil More articles by this author Mustafa Aldemir More articles by this author Emrah Okulu More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...

Validation of Tissue Quality Parameters for Donor Corneas Designated for Emergency Use in Preservation of the Globe

To validate tissue quality parameters for donor corneas designated for emergency grafting to preserve the globe. In a longitudinal cohort follow-up study, 151 emergency grafts in the Netherlands were studied. Grafts were performed with a pool of organ-cultured donor corneas designated for emergency grafting and prepared for immediate use with all safety tests performed. Assignation criteria were corneas with a small superficial stromal opacity but meeting all selection criteria for penetrating keratoplasty tissue and corneas without stromal opacity but an endothelial cell density from 1800 to 2300 cells per square millimeter or mild polymegethism or pleomorphism. Cox multivariate regression analysis, Kaplan-Meier survival, and log rank test were applied. All requests for corneal tissue were honored within 24 hours. Ninety-one patients showed a complete and 60 an imminent perforation. One hundred thirty-one penetrating grafts and 20 lamellar grafts have been used. The globes were saved in 140 of the 151 patients (92.7%). Globe preservation was not significantly related to the absence of penetrating keratoplasty quality of the donor endothelium, the type of grafting, the degree of vascularization in the host cornea, or diabetic disease in the recipient. The main risk factor for globe preservation was the presence of a systemic autoimmune disease in the recipient (P = 0.0021). A selected pool of donor corneas designated for emergency grafting, that does not interfere with the scheduled procedures, allows more efficient and safe use of donor tissue in case of an imminent perforation. Globe preservation rates justify the quality criteria for designation of this tissue.

Propagação vegetativa de genótipos de pitangueira (Eugenia uniflora L.) do Sul do Brasil por enxertia de garfagem

Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o uso da enxertia de garfagem em fenda cheia na propagação vegetativa de diferentes genótipos de pitangueira. Foram utilizados sete genótipos do Banco Ativo de Germoplasma de fruteiras nativas do Sul do Brasil, mantidos na Embrapa Clima Temperado, em Pelotas-RS, dos quais foram coletados garfos (estacas semilenhosas), com aproximadamente 5 cm de comprimento. Utilizou-se como porta-enxertos de plantas de pitangueira oriundas de sementes. O diâmetro médio no ponto de enxertia foi de 2,5 mm. A enxertia foi realizada em setembro de 2006. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições, sendo a unidade experimental constituída por 10 plantas. Foram avaliadas as percentagens de brotação e de pegamento dos enxertos. Os percentuais de estacas brotadas variaram entre 45,0% e 95,0%, enquanto o pegamento dos enxertos variou entre 40,0% e 87,5%. Percentuais acima de 65,0% foram obtidos para as seleções "Pit 75", "Pit 61" e "Pit 137", para ambos os parâmetros avaliados, brotação e pegamento dos enxertos. Existe diferença entre genótipos desta espécie quanto à capacidade de pegamento na enxertia por garfagem no topo em fenda cheia. Este tipo de enxertia é apropriado para a propagação vegetativa da pitangueira.

Clonagem do camu-camu arbustivo em porta-enxertos de camu-camu arbustivo e arbóreo

O camu-camu (Myrciaria dubia (H.B.K.) McVaugh), espécie frutífera nativa da Amazônia, de porte arbustivo, é propagado, normalmente, por sementes, ocasionando grande variação na entrada em frutificação e no ciclo de produção, bem como no teor de ácido ascórbico (vitamina C) dos frutos. outra espécie de camu-camu, M. floribunda (West ex Willd.) o. Berg, de porte arbóreo, ocorre em menor densidade na região amazônica. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a eficiência de diferentes métodos de enxertia e a compatibilidade interespecífica entre camu-camu arbustivo e camu-camu arbóreo na fase de formação de mudas de M. dubia. o ensaio foi desenvolvido no período de março a agosto de 2008, no Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, em Manaus-AM, com delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso, em esquema fatorial 4 (métodos de enxertia) x 2 (espécies de porta-enxerto), com quatro repetições. M. dubia, como porta-enxerto, apresentou melhor percentual de pegamento de enxertos (78,4%), comparada a M. floribunda (49,3%). os melhores resultados na clonagem de M. dubia foram obtidos pelos métodos de garfagem, em que a parte aérea do porta-enxerto foi removida após 30 dias da enxertia: fenda lateral (89,3%) e lateral com lingueta (79,3%). o menor resultado foi obtido nos métodos de garfagem, em que a parte aérea do porta-enxerto foi removida na ocasião da enxertia: topo em fenda cheia (51,6%) e inglês complicado (31,5%).

Synthesis and Characterization of Multifunctional Cotton Containing Cyclodextrin and Butylacrylate Moieties

Herein we report new approaches for multifunctionalization of cotton fabric using reactive cyclodextrin (RCD), butylacrylate (BuA) and a newly developed initiator which is based on potassium persulphate/ammonium persulphate (KPS/APS) mixture. The first approach involves preparation of reactive preformed polymer and thus obtained polymer is grafted to cotton fabric in subsequent steps. The second approach addresses concurrent in situ grafting of cotton fabric using the same initiator in presence of RCD, and BuA. Indeed, occurence of the three types of grafting occurs, as evidenced by FTIR and SEM analysis. The presence of BuA moieties in the molecular structure of cotton renders it soft. Also presence of RCD moieties with tours-shaped cavity of cyclodextrin provides several possibilities for imparting new and significantly improved properties to cotton fabric. This would depend upon nature and amount of guest compounds accommodated in cyclodextrin cavities. Characterization of the products were monitored to SEM, FTIR, 1H-NMR.

Evaluation of the outcome of adding biological modifier (simvastatin) to bone grafting material

Background and Objectives: There are many attempts to provide improvement of grafting site, concerning technique and type of used materials, the main goal is to achieve sound bone capable of fulfilling different functions. Adding some material to improve quality of the formed bone is increased in recent studies, simvastatin is one of the statins which usually used to lower cholesterol levels in high risk cardiovascular patient. It is an enzyme involved in rate of cholesterol synthesis. Inhibition of this enzyme in the liver stimulates low density lipoprotein (LDL)-receptors which results in increased LDL clearance from the blood and decrease the blood cholesterol levels.

Minimally cultured bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells ameliorate fibrotic lung injury

Clinical use of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) holds great promise for regenerative medicine in intractable lung diseases, such as lung fibrosis or acute respiratory distress syndrome. However, a severe obstacle to the clinical application of BMMSC transplantation is the time-consuming, laborious processes required for cell culture. In order to evaluate the clinical applicability of BMMSC transplantation, we tested whether engraftment of minimally cultured BMMSCs ameliorates progressive fibrotic lung injury. Differences between murine BMMSCs cultured for 2 h (2-h adherent BMMSCs) and conventionally (9-day) cultured BMMSCs were examined in vitro. The effects of grafting either type of BMMSCs on fibrotic lung injury were then assessed by transfer experiments in a murine bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis model, in which donor cells were administered 3 days after challenge. 2-h adherent BMMSCs were smaller, less granular, possessed higher proliferative capacity and expressed higher levels of several stem cell markers and chemokine receptors than 9-day cultured BMMSCs, but lower type I procollagen, alpha-smooth muscle actin, tumour necrosis factor-beta and oncogenic transcription factor c-Myc, suggesting that they may be advantageous for cell-based therapy compared with 9-day cultured BMMSCs. Grafting 2-h adherent BMMSCs ameliorated inflammatory and fibrotic lung disorders, and reduced mortality equally well or better than 9-day cultured BMMSCs. Minimally cultured BMMSCs can substitute for conventionally cultured BMMSCs and will be a promising cell source for the treatment of acute fibrotic lung injury.