Grafting Technology Research Articles

Human behavior recognition based on time correlation sampling two-stream heterogeneous grafting network

Aiming at the problem of confusion of recognition categories caused by insufficient feature information extraction and insufficient use of time correlation information between video frames in human behavior recognition, we propose a human behavior recognition algorithm based on time correlation sampling two-stream heterogeneous grafting network. In the video sampling, we adopt the time correlation sampling of video frames based on the TRN algorithm to remove redundant information in adjacent frames and make full use of the time correlation between different video stages. Based on their changes in the time dimension, many easily confused behaviors can be well distinguished. Due to the complexity and diversity of behavior feature information, we propose a two-stream heterogeneous network based on the basic structure of the traditional two-stream network. In order to improve the efficiency of network convolution kernel, filter weight grafting is carried out for invalid filters in DenseNet network and BNIception network based on filter grafting technology. It can effectively improve the network model's ability to express feature information. Then the improved DenseNet network and BNIception network are used to form a two-stream heterogeneous network to extract spatial and temporal information. The experimental results show that the accuracy of this method in UCF101 dataset and in KTH dataset are respectively 89.3% and 92.1%, which proves the effectiveness of the algorithm.

Cytological Studies on Graft Union Development with Perennial Chilli Rootstocks

Grafting technology in vegetable crops is becoming increasingly popular as an alternative tool to improve the biotic and abiotic resistance besides improvement in horticultural traits. By utilizing the right combination of resistant rootstock and scion, desired variability can be achieved to improve the yield and quality of vegetables. A study was conducted at the College orchard, Department of Vegetable science, Horticultural College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore during the year 2020-2021 to evaluate the graft compatibility with two chilli rootstocks. The experimental material consisted of two perennial rootstocks viz., CC-CBE-001 and CF-CBE-007 and three scion materials viz., TNAU Chilli Hybrid CO 1, Ranga hybrid and Bangaram hybrid. Wedge grafting was done using 60 days old rootstock and 45 days old scion seedlings with nine treatments. The adhesion line wall thickness of pith cells were determined at different stages after grafting. The wound healing of the scion-rootstock union was studied using microscopic examination of the grafting region on the 5th, 10th, 15th and 20th day after grafting. It was observed that ten days after grafting, vascular bundle was formed and a large amount of callus was produced to bridge the scion and rootstock. Despite interspecific grafting, callus formation, subsequent cell differentiation and vascular connection were established, resulting in effective graft compatibility, according to the anatomical and histological analysis.

Biomaterial arginine encountering with UV grafting technology to prepare flame retardant coating for polyacrylonitrile fabric

In order to endow polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fabric with excellent thermal and flame retardant properties, glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) was grafted on the surface of PAN fabric by UV-induced grafting technology to obtain GMA grafted PAN fabric (PAN-g-GMA). Next, L-Arginine was introduced to PAN-g-GMA (PAN-g-GMA/Arg) through the reaction of the amino groups in L-Arginine and the epoxy groups in GMA units. Then the flame retardant PAN fabric (FR-PAN) was prepared via the phosphorylation of PAN-g-GMA/Arg. When the grafting percentage was up to 13.5 wt%, the residual char of FR-PAN at 800 °C reached 51.6 wt%, indicating improved thermal stability. In addition, compared to PAN sample, the peak of heat release rate (PHHR) and total heat release (THR) of FR-PAN were remarkably decreased by 36.3% and 8.1% respectively, demonstrating excellent flame retardancy. Moreover, the elongation at break of FR-PAN fabric was increased by 53.6%. The cyclization of PAN induced by phosphoric acid reduced the chain breakage and inhibited the degradation of PAN. Moreover, the introduced amino acids delayed the release of HCN and other pyrolysis volatiles, meanwhile, the released NO and other non-combustible gases prevented oxygen from entering the combustion zone. This work presents a facile strategy for the application of amino acid materials in flame retardant PAN materials.

E-nside Off-the-Shelf Inner Branch Stent Graft: Technical Aspects of Planning and Implantation

Purpose This article aims to present all aspects regarding patient selection, planning, and implantation technique for a new off-the-shelf pre-cannulated multi-inner branch stent graft. The stent graft comes in 4 different versions with proximal diameters of 33 and 38 mm and distal diameters of 26 and 30 mm. The 4 inner branches are located in the middle segment, which has a diameter of 24 mm. Technique With inner branch technology, the field of application for the treatment of thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms (TAAA) has been further extended. In addition to routine use in elective cases the pre-cannulation of the inner branches predisposes especially for emergencies. Pre-cannulation is intended to reduce the time to cannulation and the radiation dose. All steps of planning, stent-graft deployment, and cannulation of the inner branches are described in detail. Conclusion The E-nside stent graft represents a promising new endovascular therapy in the treatment of acute and elective TAAA. By using inner branch technology, this endograft combines the advantages of fenestrated and branched stent grafts. Indication, planning, and implantation require experience in branched and fenestrated stent graft technology.

Development of a gRNA-tRNA array of CRISPR/Cas9 in combination with grafting technique to improve gene-editing efficiency of sweet orange.

Here, we developed a reliable protocol for the fast and efficient gene-edited Anliu sweet orange plants production. The application of in vitro shoot grafting technology significantly reduced the growth cycle of transgenic seedlings, and the survival rate of cleft grafting was more than 90%. In addition, the mutation efficiency of the grafted geneedited sweet orange was significantly improved by short-term heat stress treatments. Thus, the combination strategy of grafting and heat stress treatments provided a reference for the fast and efficient multiplex gene editing of sweet orange.

Waste non-burn-free brick derived sulfhydryl functioned magnetic zeolites and their efficient removal of uranium(VI) ions

Utilising the general waste such as non-burning brick as raw materials to prepare low-cost zeolite is in line with the green chemical industry and can achieve the purpose of treating waste with waste. Here we use the abandoned non-burning brick powder as raw material, the sulfhydryl functionalized magnetic zeolite composites (MZ-SH) were prepared by combining a series of methods such as hydrothermal synthesis, high temperature melting magnetization, and grafting technology. The samples were characterized by SEM, EDS, XRD, XPS, and FT-IR. The adsorption behavior of MZ-SH on uranyl ions was systematically studied. The results show that the equilibrium adsorption capacity of MZ-SH to uranium(VI) ions was 1285.86 mg/g under the optimal adsorption conditions with t of 270 mins, T at 35 ℃, C0 being 35 mg/L, pH at 6.0, and m by 0.025 g/L. Its adsorption isotherm complies with the Langmuir adsorption model, while the adsorption kinetics conforms to the quasi-second-order adsorption kinetic model. The adsorption type is mainly chemical adsorption with type of monolayer distribution on the surface. Adsorption thermodynamics shows that the adsorption process was spontaneous at 25–45 ℃. FT-IR and XPS analysis showed that sulfhydryl, –OH, Al-O and Si-O played an important role in the adsorption process of uranium (VI) ions by MZ-SH. It indicates that the uranium(VI) ions prefer binding with –OH and sulfhydryl groups and there is also showing ion exchange between uranium(VI) ions and Al-O and Si-O groups.

Optimized copolymeric microstructured platforms for smart controlled delivery of an anticoagulant drug: Preparation, in vitro assessment and crossover study in healthy adult human volunteers

In the present study, novel micro-structured copolymeric carriers were developed based on the grafting technology where acrylamide was chemically crosslinked with different types of Eudragits® (NE30D, L100, RL30D, or RS30D) based on a 41*21 factorial design. The designed systems efficiently engulfed the anticoagulant drug dipyridamole (DIP), within their formed entangled mesh of crosslinked polymeric network. An optimized formulation, ECOP4 with a desirability-value of 0.706, (in which DIP is engulfed within a copolymeric network of acrylamide and Eudragit® RS30D) showed high engulfment capacity (97.13 ± 1.34%) and controlled DIP release over 8 h. FTIR studies revealed absence of interactions between DIP and the formed copolymer. ECOP4 was further inserted within an easily-administered safe raft forming system composed of a mixture of LM-pectin and gellan gum. A pharmacokinetic study was performed using human volunteers to determine DIP concentration in their plasma after administering the designed formulation using the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. A crossover design was adopted comparing the designed formulation with Persantin® 25 mg tablets as a reference standard. Superior results were obtained for the optimized formulation regarding the measured pharmacokinetic parameters (AUC0-24h, Cmax, and Tmax) with a 2.31 fold increase in relative bioavailability, which reveals the usefulness of the designed grafted dipyridamole formulation in site-specific delivery system.

Effective Removal of Calcium and Magnesium Ions from Water by a Novel Alginate-Citrate Composite Aerogel.

In this work, a novel alginate/citrate composite aerogel (CA–SC) was synthesized by chemical grafting technology combined with vacuum freeze-drying method, and CA–SC was used for removing calcium (Ca2+) and magnesium (Mg2+) ions from water. The experimental results indicate that the as-prepared CA–SC has a high affinity for Ca2+ and Mg2+ and can remove 96.5% of Ca2+ (or 96.8% of Mg2+) from the corresponding solution. The maximum adsorption capacities of CA–SC for Ca2+ and Mg2+ are 62.38 and 36.23 mg/g, respectively. These values are higher than those of the most reported Ca2+-sorbents and Mg2+-sorbents. The CA–SC adsorbent can be regenerated through a simple pickling step, and its adsorption performance keeps stable after repeated use. Analysis of the adsorption mechanism shows that the CA–SC combines Ca2+ and Mg2+ in water mainly through coordination effect.

The retroperitoneal approach for contemporary open abdominal aortic aneurysm surgery: The anatomical reasoning.

In current practice, the place of open surgery in managing abdominal aortic aneurysm is a contentious issue. The principal reason being greater applications of endovascular techniques treating increasingly complicated aortic disease. Development of branched and fenestrated devices enabled this, with numbers increasing annually. This meant a good risk patient with a long infrarenal aortic neck and normal diameter non-tortuous iliac arteries may be suitable for both endovascular and open techniques. However, indications for open surgery are becoming increasingly unclear nowadays due to short-term gains in morbidity and mortality. Exact aortic anatomical morphologies optimum for open or endovascular techniques remains unclear. As graft technology evolves, possibilities for endovascular options are expanding. Currently, establishing optimum treatment plans for complicated abdominal aortic aneurysm (little or no infrarenal neck) is difficult without considering general fitness of the patient. Hence, two sets of possible postoperative complications and follow-up protocols must be explained to patients before either approach. Complicating matters is the optimum surgical approach used for any open repair. The standard approach for open abdominal aortic aneurysm surgery has been transperitoneal as this provides excellent access to the infrarenal aorta and iliac arteries. However, although less commonly used, the retroperitoneal approach has advantages particularly when location of proximal aortic disease indicates suprarenal clamp might be optimum. This paper scrutinises benefits of the retroperitoneal approach performed purely for anatomical reasons where stent graft may be considered complicated. Also, long-term outcomes are examined in terms of endo-leak and subsequent development of true and false aneurysm following both endovascular and open repair.

Facile stearoyl chloride grafted cotton filter fabric and its application in oil-water separation

Surface hydrophobic modification for oil–water separation based on membrane filtration is essential but still challenging in dealing with various industrial and environmental problems like sewage treatment and oil spill. Chemical graft technology can arm membranes with more efficient durability for applications due to the stronger chemical interaction between modified layers and surfaces compared with physical coating technology. As cellulose-based material, cotton filter fabric is a flexible and degradable material with abundant hydroxyl groups, providing great possibility for graft reactions. Stearyol chloride has both hydrophobic alkyl chain and active acyl group, making it easily to be grafted onto cotton filter fabrics. Therefore, we propose to use stearoyl chloride as hydrophobic layer and one-step modify cotton filter fabric after activation. The obtained hydrophobic modified cotton filter fabric exhibits high contact angles (CAmax = 147o, CAavg = 141.8o), which only decrease slightly after 5 h droplet holding time (CAmax = 141o, CAavg = 126.3o). Besides, experiments also confirm that this modified membrane displays excellent anti-fouling property against different drinks as well as anti-washing property for 10 cycles. Much more surprised is that the obtained membrane displays outstanding anti-abrasion performance that the CA values can remain above 131o after 390 cycles abrasion with hektogram counterweight. As for filtration application, the modified membrane also shows hydrophobic durability after three times gravity-driven oil–water separation (CAmax = 137o, CAavg = 132.6o). This hydrophobic modified cotton filter fabric may have potential application in future oilwater separation and the stearoyl chloride graft technology is an both effective and efficient way in surface hydrophobic modification.

Modified superhydrophilic/underwater superoleophobic mullite fiber-based porous ceramic for oil-water separation

This work proposed a new strategy for preparing a superhydrophilic/underwater superoleophobic material based on mullite fiber-based porous ceramic as the matrix and polyethylenepolyamine (PEPA) with high surface energy as the coating material. The PEPA-DA (PDA) coating used as the superhydrophilic/underwater superoleophobic membrane was fabricated via the bionic surface grafting technology. Dopamine (DA) was used as a binder to graft PEPA onto the surface and into the pores of the matrix material to in situ form a PDA coating that has a multi-level structure. The prepared mullite ceramic/PDA coating could be used to separate oil/water mixtures with short separation time and high efficiency. Consequently, the mullite fiber-based porous ceramic was considered to be a novel substitutional matrix material for preparing the super-wetting membrane.

Transcriptome analysis of scions grafted to potato rootstock for improving late blight resistance

BackgroundLate blight seriously threatens potato cultivation worldwide. The severe and widespread damage caused by the fungal pathogen can lead to drastic decreases in potato yield. Although grafting technology has been widely used to improve crop resistance, the effects of grafting on potato late blight resistance as well as the associated molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Therefore, we performed RNA transcriptome sequencing analysis and the late blight resistance testing of the scion when the potato late blight-resistant variety Qingshu 9 and the susceptible variety Favorita were used as the rootstock and scion, respectively, and vice versa. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of the rootstock on scion disease resistance and to clarify the related molecular mechanisms.ResultsA Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis revealed that the expression levels of genes related to plant–pathogen interactions, plant mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways, and plant hormone signal transduction pathways were significantly up-regulated in the scion when Qingshu 9 was used as the rootstock. Some of these genes encoded calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs), chitin elicitor receptor kinases (CERKs), LRR receptor serine/threonine protein kinases (LRR-LRKs), NPR family proteins in the salicylic acid synthesis pathway, and MAPKs which were potato late blight response proteins. When Favorita was used as the rootstock, only a few genes of late blight response genes were upregulated in the scion of Qingshu 9. Grafted plants using resistant variety as rootstocks inoculated with P. infestans spores showed significant reductions in lesion size while no significant difference in lesion size was observed when susceptible variety was used as the rootstock. We also showed that this induction of disease resistance in scions, especially scions derived from susceptible potato varieties was mediated by the up-regulation of expression of genes involved in plant disease resistance in scions.ConclusionsOur results showed that potato grafting using late blight resistant varieties as rootstocks could render or enhance resistance to late blight in scions derived from susceptible varieties via up-regulating the expression of disease resistant genes in scions. The results provide the basis for exploring the molecular mechanism underlying the effects of rootstocks on scion disease resistance.

Extraction and Characterization of Dental Pulp Stem Cells from Rat Mandibles to Develop a Multi‐potential Cell Bank for Tissue Graft Technologies

Establishment of well-characterized cell banks for use in both experimental and clinical settings has long been a challenge with primary multi-potent cells. Vital to this process is the initial selection of tissue for harvesting, as tissue types display varying differentiation capacity profiles. Additionally, the quantity of a tissue available and the required method for extraction will dictate the quality of the downstream cell populations. To examine the practicality of developing a primary cell bank that could be utilized for regenerative therapies, both as standalone and in combination with biomaterials, in multiple tissues, we determined dental pulp-derived stem cells (DPSCs) to be a promising candidate. As neural crest lineage cells, DPSCs should be capable of differentiating to mesoderm and ectodermal cell types, thereby offering a robust therapeutic reservoir. Mandibles were collected from euthanized rats at the completion of an IACUC approved study, soft tissue was removed from the bone structure, and samples were placed in 70% ethanol to prevent contamination during sample transfer to cell culture cabinet. The dental pulp canal was exposed using a scalpel blade on both ends, allowing for the pulp tissue to be extruded by placing pressure on one end of the canal. Whole tissue was then dissected and placed directly into T25 culture flasks. Cells were expanded in both α-MEM and DMEM/F12-based mediums to assess the impact of media on differentiation potential. Additionally, media was supplemented with 20% FBS to encourage population growth initially, which was reduced to 10% for subsequent passages. Characterization of α-MEM cultured cells using flow cytometry demonstrated expression of the key stem cell markers CD90 and CD73. CD29, an integrin associated with angiogenesis, was also positively expressed indicating that these cell populations may have undergone some degree of differentiation. This was supported by cell morphology that revealed rounded cell shapes distributed through-out that appeared to resemble endothelial-like cells as opposed to the spindled shape of stem cells. Comparative morphological observations of cultures grown in DMEM/F12 revealed that these population maintained spindled morphology exclusively and exhibited enhanced growth rates based on passaging intervals. Cryopreservation and subsequent thawing further showed that banked cells are viable and can be expanded. Given these data, DPSCs offer a means for developing stem cell aliquot banks that are multi-potent and readily expanded. Furthermore, the expansion of these cells should be carried out using DMEM/F12-based media in order to preserve stem characteristics. The methods employed avoid enzymatic degradation of cells during collection and allow for the generation of large culture population from relatively small quantities of tissue, thereby presenting a promising biological therapeutic agent for application in a wide variety of tissue injuries.

Osteoinductivity and biomechanical assessment of a 3D printed demineralized bone matrix-ceramic composite in a rat spine fusion model

We recently developed a recombinant growth factor-free bone regenerative scaffold composed of stoichiometric hydroxyapatite (HA) ceramic particles and human demineralized bone matrix (DBM) particles (HA-DBM). Here, we performed the first pre-clinical comparative evaluation of HA-DBM relative to the industry standard and established positive control, recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2), using a rat posterolateral spinal fusion model (PLF). Female Sprague–Dawley rats underwent bilateral L4-L5 PLF with implantation of the HA-DBM scaffold or rhBMP-2. Fusion was evaluated using radiography and blinded manual palpation, while biomechanical testing quantified the segmental flexion-extension range-of-motion (ROM) and stiffness of the fused segments at 8-weeks postoperatively. For mechanistic studies, pro-osteogenic gene and protein expression at 2-days and 1-, 2-, and 8-weeks postoperatively was assessed with another cohort. Unilateral fusion rates did not differ between the HA-DBM (93%) and rhBMP-2 (100%) groups; however, fusion scores were higher with rhBMP-2 (p = 0.008). Both treatments resulted in significantly reduced segmental ROM (p < 0.001) and greater stiffness (p = 0.009) when compared with non-operated controls; however, the degree of stabilization was significantly higher with rhBMP-2 treatment relative to the HA-DBM scaffold. In the mechanistic studies, PLGA and HA scaffolds were used as negative controls. Both rhBMP-2 and HA-DBM treatments resulted in significant elevations of several osteogenesis-associated genes, including Runx2, Osx, and Alp. The rhBMP-2 treatment led to significantly greater early, mid, and late osteogenic markers, which may be the mechanism in which early clinical complications are seen. The HA-DBM scaffold also induced osteogenic gene expression, but primarily at the 2-week postoperative timepoint. Overall, our findings show promise for this 3D-printed composite as a recombinant growth factor-free bone graft substitute for spinal fusion. Statement of significanceDespite current developments in bone graft technology, there remains a significant void in adequate materials for bone regeneration in clinical applications. Two of the most efficacious bone graft options are the gold-standard iliac crest bone graft and recombinant human-derived bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2), available commercially as Infuse™. Although efficacious, autologous graft is associated with donor-site morbidity, and Infuse™ has known side effects related to its substantial host inflammatory response, possibly associated with a immediate, robust osteoinductive response. Hence, there is a need for a bone graft substitute that provides adequate osteogenesis without associated adverse events. This study represents a significant step in the design of off-the-shelf growth factor-free devices for spine fusion.

State of the Art Review: Surgical Treatment of Acute Type A Aortic Dissection

Acute type A aortic dissection (ATAAD) is a life-threatening event that requires immediate surgical treatment. Improvements in surgical treatment, graft technology, organ protection and imaging techniques have led to improved clinical outcomes. Individualized treatment concepts have emerged based on more advanced planning tools that allow for a tailored approach even in complex situations such as multi-level malperfusion. This review provides an overview of the current surgical treatment of ATAAD, focusing on new disease classifications, preoperative computed tomography angiography (CTA) assessment, new prosthesis and stent technologies, and organ-protection strategies.

Thoracic Trauma: Aortic Injuries.

Thoracic aortic injuries caused by high impact trauma are life-threatening and require emergent diagnosis and management. With improvement in the acute care services, an increasing number of such injuries are being managed such that patients survive to undergo definitive therapies. A high index of clinical suspicion is required to order appropriate imaging. Computed tomography angiography is used to classify the injuries and guide treatment strategy. While low-grade injuries might be managed conservatively, high-grade injuries require urgent surgical or endovascular intervention. Over the past decade, endovascular repair of the thoracic aorta with or without a surgical bypass has become the preferred treatment with reduced mortality and morbidity. Rapid advancements in the stent graft technology have reduced the anatomic barriers to endovascular therapy and increased the confidence of the operators. Detailed planning prior to the procedure, understanding of the anatomy, correct choice of hardware, and adherence to technical protocol are essential for a successful endovascular procedure. These patients are often young and the limited data on the long-term outcome of aortic stent grafts make a case for a robust follow-up protocol.

Chamberless Healing for Small-scale Production of Grafted Tomato Transplants

Interest is growing among small-scale growers in grafting tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) for improved crop productivity. Healing of newly grafted plants is often considered to be a critical process requiring a highly controlled environment. Setting up healing chambers and managing healing conditions can be major challenges for small-scale producers that limit graft survival and discourage further attempts at using grafting technology. Here, we demonstrate a simple “chamberless healing” strategy for grafted tomato plants using regular indoor conditions without the need to install and manage a sophisticated healing chamber. We hypothesize that tomato can form a high-quality graft in a healing environment with relative humidity below 70% and ambient temperatures between 22 and 25 °C. ‘Tribute’ beefsteak tomato as the scion was grafted onto ‘Estamino’ rootstock in the 2018 experiment, whereas ‘Multifort’ and ‘Shield RZ F1 (61-802)’ were used as the rootstocks in the 2019 experiment. After grafting, the seedlings for the chamberless healing treatment were kept in uncovered seedling trays and misted with water two or three times per day. Seedlings in other treatments were placed in a humidity dome or wrapped chamber to maintain high humidity during the first few days after grafting. In the 2018 experiment, chamberless healing was compared with covered treatments with different ventilation times during the first few days after grafting. In the 2019 experiment, chamberless healing was compared with a standard graft healing chamber treatment to further validate its feasibility. In both 2018 and 2019, all treatments showed high graft survival rates (&gt;85%) at 21 days after grafting (DAG), and plants from the chamberless healing treatment had a lower incidence of adventitious root growth than plants from other healing treatments (0% to 7% vs. 33% to 78%). In the 2019 experiment, no differences in graft union strength, photosynthetic rate, biomass accumulation, or flowering time were observed between the chamberless and standard healing treatments. Plants with chamberless healing were slightly (8%) shorter than the standard treatment at 21 DAG, but no difference was observed at 27 DAG. Although some additional management is required during healing to prevent water loss, the alternative chamberless system assessed in this study exhibited great potential to facilitate small-scale graft healing for producing grafted tomato transplants under standard indoor conditions without any sophisticated healing environment and management.

A Heuristic Grafting Strategy for Manufacturing Knowledge Graph Extending and Completion Based on Nature Language Processing: KnowTree

Applied to search, question answering, and semantic web of close-or-open domain, knowledge graph (KG) is known for its incompleteness subject to the rapid knowledge growing pace. Inspired by the agricultural grafting technology to fruit variety, this paper proposes a heuristic knowledge grafting strategy (HGS) for manufacturing knowledge graph (MKG) named KnowTree extending and completion with natural language processing (NLP) mining engineering cases document. Based on similarity analysis, firstly the grafting related definitions and mechanisms (completeness, relatedness, connectivity and reutilization) are defined. Then, focused on the four mechanisms, HGS takes a pair same engineering documents as input. KnowWords is built as a collection of KnowScion, and each scion is mined from engineering documents based on the SAO structure network, whose importance is evaluated by SAORank counting the in-out degree of centrality. On another hand, the KnowRoot system is designed based on the extended P & S ontology model to characterize the structure of abstract document into four sub-space of knowledge: know-what (problem), know-why (context), know-how (solution) and know-with (result), where a pre-trained language representation model K-BERT is used to classify the KnowScion candidates into the designed KnowRoot system with a fine-tuning classification task. In the knowledge grafting process, the connection unit is constructed based on the extracted domain knowledge triples of the K-BERT model, where the head element of a triple is from the KnowScion candidate set KnowWords satisfying the threshold value, the tail element is from the domain MKG to be extended, and a connection factor is used to evaluate the relationship of union combination. To the goal of knowledge reuse, the path based reasoning rules are designed for KnowTree reutilization. Finally, take the latest engineering case abstract (ECA) in whitegoods domain as resources, a case study is conducted to validate the proposed HGS strategy.

Development of suitable rootstock and standardization of appropriate grafting technology for dry and humid areas of India

Development of suitable rootstock and standardization of appropriate grafting technology for dry and humid areas of India

Local People&amp;apos;s Perceptions of Baobab (&amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Adansonia digitata&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt; L.) Technologies in Senegal

This study analyses the perceptions of beneficiaries on market gardening and horticultural grafting technologies of <i>Adansonia digitata</i> L. (baobab). The study involved a representative sample of 106 individuals. The methodological approach adopted consisted of individual surveys, group interviews and statistical estimations. The Chi-square and Pearson's test of independence were used to test the dependence of perceptions on certain socio-economic characteristics (gender, source of income, etc.). Correspondence factor analysis (CFA) analyses and the non-parametric Krusall-Wallis test were applied to the frequency data matrices to relate the perception groups to the extended technologies and villages. The results showed that management style (p=0.003) and beneficiaries' access to high trees (p=0.04) differed between sites. However, the level of accessibility determines the satisfaction of fresh leaf needs which also induces the level of adoption of the technologies by the beneficiaries. In addition, it is shown that the reasons for adoption such as ease of collection, proximity, fruiting of large trees (p=0.04), depend significantly on gender and justify some of the changes made such as the reduction of time spent searching for leaves in the bush. The results obtained will be used in future campaigns to introduce grafting and baobab market gardening technologies. Indeed, the socio-economic determinants found will be mobilized to increase the adoption rates of baobab technologies and, more globally, of reforestation campaigns in Senegal.