Grades Of Roughness Research Articles

Correlation Between Self-Perceived Hoarseness, Perceptual Voice Evaluation, and Body Mass Index in Dysphonic Patients: A Study of 120 Cases.

To investigate the correlation between self-perceived vocal handicap, perceptual voice evaluation, and body mass index (BMI) in a cohort of patients presenting with hoarseness and to examine the correlation between perceptual voice evaluation and the Voice Handicap Index-10 (VHI-10) score in dysphonic patients with or without obesity. Retrospective chart review. The medical records of patients presenting with hoarseness to the voice clinic of a tertiary referral center between September 2023 and September 2024 were reviewed. Demographic data included age, gender, BMI, smoking, and clinical diagnosis of dysphonia. The VHI-10 questionnaire was used as a patient self-reported vocal handicap outcome measure and the GRB (grade, roughness, breathiness) rating scale was used for perceptual voice evaluation. The study included 120 dysphonic patients. The mean age was 53.5±15.1years. The most common diagnosis was Reinke's edema (20%) followed by vocal fold polyp (15.8%). Thirty-nine patients had a BMI <25kg/m2 and 81 patients had a BMI ≥25kg/m2. The mean VHI-10 score was 16.05±7.54 with no correlation between BMI and the VHI-10 score (r < 0.1). The mean grade of dysphonia was 1.62±0.76. The mean rate of roughness was 1.36±0.66. The mean rate of breathiness was 0.84±0.87 with no correlation between BMI and any of the GRB rating scores (r < 0.1). There was a moderate positive correlation between the VHI-10 score and the overall grade of dysphonia and rate of roughness (r=0.456, P<0.001 and r=0.258, P=0.012). The results of this investigation indicate no correlation between BMI, VHI-10 score and GRB rating in patients presenting with hoarseness. The results also showed a poor to moderate correlation between the VHI-10 score, the grade of dysphonia and roughness in the study group.

Cultural adaptation and validation of “aging voice index” in Bengali

Changes in voice due to aging impact the ability to use one’s voice to communicate in all situations and can decrease their quality of life. The primary objective of this study was to transadapt the aging voice index (AVI) in Bengali (AVI-B) for the Bengali population to help in better comprehension by the patient rating the AVI scale. Ten older adults with voice disorder were asked to fill the AVI-E and AVI-B simultaneously to check the homogeneity of AVI-B. Establishment of kappa co-efficient between AVI-E and AVI-B was done. Wilcoxon test was done to evaluate the differences between pre and post therapeutic results. Kappa correlation for content validity was 0.81. The parameters of doctor speech, grade of grade, roughness, breathiness, asthenia, strain, and instability (GRABASI) scale and voice handicap index (VHI)-10 scale were mild to moderately correlated to the AVI-B (p&gt;0.05). Inter class correlation for test-retest reliability was 0.933. Pre to post AVI-B scores were reduced when the participants were given a period of straw phonation therapy treatment. The AVI-B is a valid and reliable quality of life assessment for older adults with voice disorder and with native language as Bengali.

Road-classification-based sprung-mass adaptive suspension control system

The road-classification-based sprung-mass adaptive suspension control system (RBSA) is established to improve the ride comfort under the condition that the road grade and sprung mass changed simultaneously. First, a linearized optimal control method for the Macpherson suspension is derived based on mechanical equations, and the reliability of the method is verified by experiments. Second, based on the optimal control theory and multi-objective optimization algorithm, the RBSA control system is established. The controller parameters can be automatically adjusted by the RBSA control system according to the road roughness grade and sprung mass acceleration under different sprung mass and road excitation conditions, and the vibration of the suspension is optimal under different conditions. Finally, the correctness and superiority of the control system are verified by simulation and experiment and by comparing with passive suspension, ordinary active suspension, and preview suspension with fixed sprung mass. The results of simulation and experiment show that the sprung mass acceleration of the RBSA control system is smaller than that of the comparing group, and the ride comfort can be effectively improved.

Effect of microstructural roughness on the performance and fracture mechanism of multi-type single lap joints

Surface roughness of adherends is a crucial factor in determining the performance and failure mechanism of adhesive joints. However, the research dedicated to the examination of fracture mechanism for adhesive joints influenced by surface roughness at microscale is limited. This work conducts systematic experimental and numerical investigations into the effect of microstructural roughness on the performance and fracture mechanism of multi-type adhesive single lap joints (SLJ). The adherend materials are aluminium alloy (Al) and polyphthalamide (PPA), ground into three roughness grades for the fabrication of SLJs using an epoxy adhesive. The mechanical properties of the adhesive, adherends and SLJs derived from experimental studies are utilized to calibrate the microparameters in Discrete Element Method (DEM) models for a numerical analysis. The newly developed DEM models demonstrate efficacy in predicting the performance and capturing the failure modes of multi-type SLJs realistically with distinct microroughness profiles. Finally, the influencing mechanisms of microstructural roughness on the performance of multi-type SLJs are investigated, including the microscale interfacial bonds and mechanical interlockings. The effects of microstructural roughness on the microscale failure mechanisms of multi-type SLJs are also explored and discussed, including the crack initiation, coalescence, and propagation within the adhesive and interface.

Effect of surface roughness on corrosion behavior of AISI 4340 high-strength steel in sodium chloride solutions

In this work, an AISI 4340 high-strength steel alloy was surface machined to have four different grades of roughness (Ra). The impact of changing Ra on the corrosion of the steel alloy in 3.5% NaCl solutions after 40 min and 24 h was performed using various electrochemical techniques. The cyclic polarization experiments showed that an increase in Ra increases the steel corrosion via enhancing the corrosion current of the alloy. The electrochemical impedance plots also indicated that an increase in Ra reduces the corrosion resistance of the alloy by decreasing the diameter of the semicircle obtained by the Nyquist spectra. The change in potentiostatic current vs time measurements, which were obtained at −350 mV (Ag/AgCl), confirmed that pitting attack occurs and its intensity further increases with increasing Ra for all steel samples. An increase in immersion time also reduces the resistance to corrosion due to the iron dissolution from the surface of the steel alloy. After corrosion, the surface was analyzed using a scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive spectroscopy investigations.

Retracted Article: Surface roughness grade evaluation of milling workpiece based on deep transfer learning

ABSTRACT We, the Editors and Publishers of Nondestructive Testing and Evaluation, have retracted the following article: Gaowei Ye, Kaihong Zhou, Qingting Ye & Fucheng Tian (2024). Surface roughness grade evaluation of milling workpiece based on deep transfer learning. Nondestructive Testing and Evaluation. DOI:10.1080/10589759.2024.2321968. After publication, the author, Gaowei Ye, requested the retraction of this article for the following reasons: the use of Figure 9 etc. without the required permissions. the function F (I), which uses captured images to calculate the average definition value, has a serious error in the formula of the algorithm F (I), resulting in data errors in the calculation of covariance, classification loss function, etc. In light of these issues and concerns about the validity of the study, the journal has agreed to retract the article. We have been informed in our decision-making by our editorial policies and the COPE guidelines. The retracted article will remain online to maintain the scholarly record, but it will be digitally watermarked on each page as “Retracted”.

Statement of Retraction: Surface roughness grade evaluation of milling workpiece based on deep transfer learning

Statement of Retraction: Surface roughness grade evaluation of milling workpiece based on deep transfer learning

Theoretical and Experimental Investigations of Identifying Bridge Damage Using Instantaneous Amplitude Squared Extracted from Vibration Responses of a Two-Axle Passing Vehicle

Identifying bridge damage using a movable test vehicle is highly regarded for its mobility, cost-effectiveness, and broad monitoring coverage. Previous studies have shown that the residual contact-point (CP) response between connected vehicles is free of the impact of vehicle self-vibrations and road roughness, making it particularly suitable for the indirect extraction of bridge modal properties. However, most experimental campaigns regarding contact-point (CP) responses focus on a single-axle testing vehicle within a non-moving state. This study aims to theoretically and experimentally identify bridge damage using the instantaneous amplitude squared (IAS) extracted from the residual CP response of a two-axle passing vehicle. First, the closed-form solution of the residual CP acceleration was derived for a two-axle vehicle interacting with a simply supported beam. The IAS index was constructed from the driving frequency of the residual CP acceleration. Then, numerical investigations using finite element simulation were conducted to validate using the IAS index for indirect bridge damage identification. The application scope of the approach under various vehicle speeds and road roughness grades was examined. Finally, a laboratory vehicle–bridge interaction system was tested to validate the approach. Numerical studies demonstrated that bridge damage could be directly determined by observing the IAS abnormalities, which were baseline-free. The IAS from the residual CP response outperformed the IAS from CP responses in identifying bridge damage. However, it was better to use the IAS when the vehicle speed was no greater than 2 m/s and the grade of the road surface roughness was not high. Laboratory tests showed that it was possible to identify bridge damage using the IAS extracted from the residual CP acceleration under perfect road surfaces. However, it fell short under rough road surfaces. Hence, further experiments are required to fully examine the capacity of the IAS for bridge damage identification in practical applications.

Sikahyflex-Epoxy Mixed Adhesive’s Effect on the Aluminum-Composite Joint’s Shear Tensile Strength for the Automotive Industry

The automotive industry sector encounters challenges in the construction of connections between different materials. Hence, a breakthrough is needed in the automotive industry in manufacturing connections between different wall panel materials. Mixed adhesive materials for different materials are required and represent an innovation in the manufacturing process for joints of different materials due to the need for stiff and slightly ductile adhesives. This research aims to analyze the effect of using a sikahyflex-epoxy mixture adhesive in aluminum-composite joints on the shear tensile strength of the joints for the automotive industry. This research serves as an innovation in dissimilar material connection systems by developing the use of mixed adhesives and cocofiber aluminum-composite adherend materials with environmentally friendly and corrosion-resistant properties. The research material used aluminum 5083-cocofiber composite. The adherend surface was roughened employing sandpaper of #60, #80, and #150. The adhesive used the addition of sikahyflex adhesive to the epoxy adhesive with additional variations of 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40% sikahyflex. Connections between different materials with the single lap joint type refer to ASTM D1002. The roughness test results yielded the best roughness grade #150 on the surface of the aluminum adherend and coco fiber composite. The shear tensile test results by adding 40% sikahyflex adhesive, 0.4 mm adhesive thickness, and #150 sandpapering resulted in a 20% increase in shear tensile strength in the single lap joint of 2.51 N/mm2. The surface roughness enhanced the adhesive bond strength between mechanical interlocking adhesives and adherend. Meanwhile, the failure modes observed in macro observations included thin-layer cohesive failure, cohesive failure, two-stage failure, and stock-break failure modes. The SEM observation revealed that in the initial propagation of microcracking and voids, which mark the initial onset of adhesive failure, tearing took place, leading to a failure mode in the aluminum-composite coco fiber single overlap joint.

Cepstral Analysis of Voice in School-Aged Children

Dysphonia in school-aged children is attributed primarily to hyperfunctional use of voice. These can be identified through effective protocols using both acoustic and auditory-perceptual analyses. The current study aimed to investigate voice characteristics in school children aged 4-17years using auditory-perceptual rating and cepstral measures of voice. This is a descriptive cross-sectional observational study. Four hundred and fifty-seven recordings of sustained phonation of /a/ in children and adolescents obtained in a quiet room using Zoom h1 voice recorder were analyzed using auditory-perceptual evaluation by three speech-language pathologists using Grade of overall dysphonia, Roughness, Breathiness, Asthenia, and Strain(GRBAS) rating scale. The samples were classified based on age into five groups: 1) 4 to 6; 11 years 2) 7-8; 11 years, 3) 9-11; 11years 4) 12-13; 11years and 5) 14-16; 11 years. PRAAT software was used to extract Cepstral Peak Prominence (CPP) and Cepstral Peak Prominence Smoothed (CPPS). Inter-rater reliability was assessed for both auditory-perceptual and acoustic analysis. Auditory-perceptual analysis revealed dysphonia in 7.8% of samples with higher rate in males than females. Inter-rater reliability for auditory-perceptual rating was found to be good (Intraclass Corelation Coefficient-0.83). Independent t test revealed statistically significant difference (P<0.001) in both cepstral measures and mean values were lower in dysphonic than normal group. Gender effect was present for CPP in group 5(14-16;11 years) and CPPS in group 4 (12-13; 11years). One-way analysis of variance within groups in males (P<0.005) revealed statistical difference in both cepstral measures but not in females. Statistically significant difference was not found between ratings of both speech language pathologists for both CPP (P=0.929) and CPPS (P=0.965) values indicating the ratings to be reliable. Pediatric dysphonia has received less attention when compared to adults. Assessing school-aged children for dysphonia using both auditory-perceptual and acoustic measures would aid in identifying those at risk to make appropriate referrals and plan further intervention.

Bond strength and interface characteristics between magnesium phosphate cement mortar and ordinary Portland cement concrete in a frigid environment

ABSTRACT The rapid repair of airport runways and concrete pavements using magnesium phosphate cement mortar (MPCM) in frigid environments requires the MPCM to have high bond strength with ordinary Portland cement (OPC). In this study, the effects of the pouring temperature of MPCM, surface roughness, water content, and strength grade of concrete on the interfacial bond strength and characteristics between MPCM and OPC were investigated in a frigid environment (−20°C ± 2°C). The results indicated that the 3-h compressive strength of MPCM reached 30 MPa, whereas the 3-h flexural bond strength between MPCM and OPC (BS MPCM-OPC) exceeded 2.5 MPa when the pouring temperature for the MPCM mixture is 0-5°C in a frigid environment. The moisture content of concrete before freezing had a more significant impact on BS MPCM-OPC than the influence of concrete roughness in a frigid environment; however, the influence of the concrete strength grade can be disregarded. The hydration heat of MPCM can quickly release with an increase in the pouring temperature, which accelerates phosphate dissolution and promotes the generation of struvite and the development of the BS MPCM-OPC. Furthermore, the interface bonding between MPCM and OPC involves physical bonding, mechanical anchoring, and weak chemical bonding in a frigid environment.

Recognition of grinding surface roughness grade based on adversarial domain adaptation under variable illumination

End-to-end roughness measurement can be achieved through the self-extraction of grinding surface features, which can be achieved through deep learning. However, due to the grinding surface texture being random, the features are weak, the self-extracted grinding surface features of the same surface under different lighting environments are different, and the training data and the test data when the lighting environments are inconsistent with the recognition of the measurement of the precision of the lower. To tackle these problems, this paper proposes an adversarial domain self-adaptation (NMDANN) based visual measurement method for grinding surface roughness under variable illumination. An improved residual network is used as a generator to extract more effective metastable features, and multi-head attention is introduced into the domain discriminator to enhance its domain adaptive capability. The experimental results show that the method can achieve an average recognition precision of 96.9112% for different grades of roughness on the grinding surface under the changing light environment, which is 40.1360% higher than the ordinary classification model ResNet50 and 10.1626% higher than the DANN model with migration capability. It lays the foundation for the online visual measurement of roughness on the grinding surface under the variable light environment. This lays the foundation for the online visualization of grinding surface roughness measurement in variable light environments.

Adaptive suspension state estimation based on IMMAKF on variable vehicle speed, road roughness grade and sprung mass condition

Vehicle speed, road roughness grade and sprung mass are the three main factors to influence suspension control and state estimation. Aiming at the problem that fixed state observer cannot guarantee the estimation accuracy of suspension with driving scenario changes, a suspension state observer based on interactive multiple model adaptive Kalman filter (IMMAKF) is established. Firstly, an adaptive control suspension is proposed based on LQR algorithm and multi-objective optimization algorithm, which can automatically adjust the controller parameters according to the vehicle speed, road roughness grade and sprung acceleration parameters, so as to keep the optimal control effect of the suspension. Secondly, the theoretical model of IMMAKF is derived, and two kinds of IMMAKF suspension state observers and controllers are established. Finally, a simulation condition with the vehicle speed, road roughness grade and sprung mass changing simultaneously is established. The simulation results shows that: compared with ordinary IMMKF, AKF and KF observers, the estimation accuracy of IMMAKF5 is improved. Except for state observation, IMMAKF can be used to identify the road roughness grade and estimate the suspension sprung mass.

Medidas espectrais e cepstrais em mulheres com disfonia comportamental

ABSTRACT Purpose To investigate whether there are differences in cepstral and spectral acoustic measures between women with behavioral dysphonia with and without laryngeal lesions and verify whether there is a correlation between such measures and the auditory-perceptual evaluation of voice quality. Methods The sample comprised 78 women with behavioral dysphonia without laryngeal lesions (BDWOL) and 68 with behavioral dysphonia with laryngeal lesions (vocal nodules) (BDWL). Cepstral peak prominence (CPP), cepstral peak prominence-smoothed (CPPS), spectral decrease, and H1-H2 (difference between the amplitude of the first and second harmonics) were extracted. They were submitted to the auditory-perceptual evaluation (APE) of the grade of hoarseness (GH), roughness (RO), breathiness (BR), and strain (ST). Results BDWL women had higher H1-H2 values and lower CPP and CPPS values than BDWOL women. More deviant voices had lower CPP and CPPS values. Breathy voices had lower CPP and CPPS values and higher H1-H2 values than rough ones. There was a weak negative correlation between CPP and RO, a moderate negative correlation with GH, and a strong negative correlation with BR. CPPS had a moderate negative correlation with GH, RO, and BR. H1-H2 had a weak positive correlation with BR. There was a weak positive correlation between spectral decrease and ST. Conclusion H1-H2, CPP, and CPPS were different between BDWOL and BDWL women. Furthermore, cepstral and spectral measures were correlated with the different APE parameters.

Machining surface roughness detection by adaptive deep fusion capsule network with low illumination and noise robustness

Abstract Surface roughness measurement is of great importance for monitoring machining quality. To address the performance degradation of deep models caused by low illumination and ambient noise, this study proposes a non-contact surface roughness detection method based on an adaptive deep fusion capsule network (ADFCNet) model. Firstly, principal competent analysis-based color image enhancement is employed to augment initial surface images collected from normal illumination. Then, consisting of a deep multi-model fusion for high-level feature representation and a capsule classifier for roughness recognition, the ADFCNet model is designed to detect roughness grades by using workpiece surface images. The key hyperparameters of the model are automatically determined by a genetic algorithm. Finally, laboratory and factory experiments under low illumination are carried out to validate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed method. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method has strong low-illumination and noise robustness and generalization capability, indicating a better application prospect in actual scenarios.

Study on vehicle-bridge coupling vibration response and impact factor of spatial Y-shaped tied arch bridge

The spatial Y-shaped steel arch bridge adopts a single and double arch rib composite structure, which has a complex spatial structure, and its structural dynamic characteristics are special, resulting in a more complex vehicle-bridge coupling vibration response law. To clarify the dynamic characteristics of the space Y-shaped steel arch bridge structure, this paper takes a space Y-shaped steel arch bridge under construction in China as the research object and uses ABAQUS to establish a vehicle-bridge coupling model. The correctness of the ABAQUS model is verified by the bridge model established by Midas Civil, and four grades of road roughness are established by using the ABAQUS kernel command. The influence of vehicle speed and road roughness on the spatial Y-shaped steel arch bridge is analyzed. The impact factor of the vehicle on the flat bridge deck at the design speed is calculated and compared with the current specification, which provides a reference for the design and maintenance of space Y-shaped steel arch bridge in the future.

Reinke's Edema: Cold Steel Versus Radiofrequency Coblation.

This study compared the effects of radiofrequency (RF) coblation and cold steel (CS) surgery for the treatment of Reinke's edema (RE). A retrospective analysis was conducted on 61 patients with RE, with 33 (54.1%) in the CS surgery group and 28 (45.9%) in the RF coblation group. The primary endpoints were the bilateral operation time and dyspnea severity, assessed preoperatively and at 1 and 3 months postoperatively. Secondary endpoints included subjective and objective vocal assessments, laryngovideostroboscopy (LVS) images, and Voice Handicap Index-10 (VHI-10) scores obtained before and at 1 and 3 months postoperatively. The average bilateral operation time was significantly shorter in the RF coblation group (24.2 ± 3.9 min) compared to the CS group (38.4 ± 5.2 min) (P = .041). All patients experienced a decrease in their Dyspnea Severity Index (DSI) scores postoperatively, with no significant differences observed between the two groups at any time point. However, improvements in the grade of hoarseness, roughness, and asthenia were significantly greater in the RF coblation group than in the CS group (P < .001). There were no statistically significant differences in breathiness and strain between the two groups. The average VHI-10 score significantly decreased from preoperative values in both groups (P < .001), with no significant differences observed between the two groups at any time point. The RF coblation procedure is a reliable and safe method for RE surgery, offering an effective treatment choice for RE.

PENGEMBANGAN MESIN PENCABIK IKAN TUNA UNTUK PEMBUATAN ABON IKAN SKALA INDUSTRI RUMAH TANGGA

This study aims to develop a fish grater machine to produce shredded fish on a household scale. The development of this fish shredder machine considers getting the maximum capacity, a minimum percentage of losses, a maximum percentage of the samples with short grade and middle grade size, and a maximum percentage of the samples with rough grade size with limited sources specified power. The method used in this research is the machine manufacturing and testing approach. Three types of shredder machine teeth (K-type, P-type, and B-type) are the main focus of this research to optimize the quality of the shredded material and the machine's performance. The machine capacity, the percentage of losses, and the optimal quality of the counting size of the developed machine can be achieved using K-type shredder machine teeth. Analysis of variance and the t-test are used simultaneously to determine the optimal performance of this machine. The results of this study suggest that using a K-type shredder machine teeth is the most appropriate shredder machine for shredded fish.

Development of selective Pd–Ag membranes on porous metal filters

Metallic supports with sufficient surface quality to achieve highly selective thin Pd–Ag membranes require specific pre-treatments, are not readily available on the market and are generally very expensive. To reduce costs, rough and large media grade Hastelloy X filters have been acquired and pre-treated via polishing and chemical etching. The loss in gas permeance given by the polishing treatment proved fully recovered after chemical etching. A method to fill the large pores of the filters via aspiration of α-Al2O3 water-powder suspension has been applied and characterized via imaging of the filled pores, inferential statistics, and capillary flow porometry measurements. The most suitable filler particle size for pore size distribution reduction has been identified as 18 μm, while a 5 μm filler proved optimal for further pore morphology improvement. The wide pore size distribution of the filters has thus been reduced up to 200 nm by filling with α-Al2O3 particles of decreasing size, similarly to the ceramic supports used for thin Pd–Ag membranes deposition. A boehmite based interdiffusion barrier has been deposited, achieving further surface roughness reduction. A highly H2 selective membrane has been obtained via simultaneous Pd–Ag plating on the pre-treated filter.

Study on Assembly and Tensile Performance of Circumferential Anchor Joint for Shield Tunnel Considering Roughness and Size of Structure

Anchor joint is conducive to improving the automation level of the shield tunneling method, whose mechanical behavior is still not fully clear due to the complicated interaction among various structural components. In this paper, a refined FEM model is established and adopted to investigate the anchor joints' assembly and tensile performance. The operation principles of the anchor joint are first introduced for better understanding. Then, a detailed description is presented for the developed refined FEM, including the material properties, structural features, and verification. After that, 76 working conditions in total are set, and an in-depth study is conducted to examine the influence of surface roughness, gap sizes, and strength grades on the assembly and tensile behavior of anchor joints both quantitatively and qualitatively. The results show that the surface roughness mainly influences the maximum assembly load and tensile capacity of anchor joints. The gap size obviously impacts both quantitative and qualitative assembly characteristics and tensile behavior for anchor joints, whose effect is more significant than the surface roughness. The strength grade has a different influence on the distinct mechanical behavior of anchor joints. There is a positive correlation between anchor joints' assembly and tensile behavior. To satisfy the requirement of enough tensile capacity and reasonable assembly difficulty, a good solution should be to reach an appropriate balance between the assembly and tensile behavior of anchor joints.