Grade Research Articles

Research in physical exercise among rural adolescents based on the theory of planned behavior in Sichuan Province

Objective To verify the applicability of the theory of planned behavior (TPB) in the physical exercise behaviors of rural adolescents in Sichuan Province, and to explore the possible influencing factors of physical exercise behaviors, and to provide a theoretical basis for further effective intervention measures. Methods A total of 2 302 students were selected from grade seven and grade ten of two rural middle schools in Zizhong, Sichuan Province. The survey was conducted with a structured questionnaire. Using TPB as the research framework and basis, the structural equation model was constructed for analysis. Results Lack of physical exercise was 1 527 (66.3%). Physical exercise behavior was statistically different among schools, grades ( t = -7.40, -2.90, 10.90, P <0.05), and genders. Based on TPB, the structural equation model was established and corrected to obtain the revised model, and the fitting index GFI = 0.93, CFI = 0.94, NFI = 0.94, TLI = 0.93, IFI = 0.94, RMSEA = 0.07, indicating the model fitted good. Exercise intention directly affected exercise behaviors. The standardized effect was 0.45(95% CI = 0.39-0.52). Subjective norms and perceived power were the main two mediators of the relationship between value evaluation and exercise intention. The standardized effect values were 0.66(95% CI = 0.57-0.73), 0.23(95% CI = 0.16-0.93) ( P <0.01). Conclusion There is serious lack of physical exercise in rural adolescents in Sichuan Province. TPB has a good applicability for physical exercise in rural adolescents in Sichuan Province. Subjective norm is the most important factors to promote exercise intentions. 【摘要】 目的 验证计划行为理论 (theory of planned behavior, TPB)在四川省农村青少年体育锻炼行为中的适用性, 探索 影响青少年体育锻炼行为的可能因素, 为进一步采取有效的干预措施提供理论依据。 方法 以四川省资中县2所乡镇中 学的2 302名初一、高一学生为研究对象, 采用结构式调查问卷进行调查, 以计划行为理论为框架构建结构方程模型进行 分析。 结果 体育锻炼缺乏者1 527人, 占比66.3%。不同学校、年级、性别学生体育锻炼行为得分差异均有统计学意义 ( t 值分别为 -7.40, -2.90, 10.90, P 均<0.05)。依据 TPB 建立模型并修正后得到修正的结构方程模型 GFI =0.93, CFI =0.94, NFI =0.94, TLI = 0.93, IFI = 0.94, RMSEA = 0.07, 模型拟合结果较好。锻炼意图直接影响锻炼行为, 标准化效应为0.45(95% CI = 0.39〜0.52), 主观规范与洞察力是价值评价影响锻炼意图途径中的主要中介变量, 其标准化效应值分别为0.66(95% CI = 0.57〜0.73)、0.23(95% CI = 0.16〜0.93) ( P 值均<0.01)。 结论 四川省农村青少年严重缺乏体育锻炼。计划行为理论在 四川农村青少年学生群体具备较好的适用性。主观规范是促进农村青少年形成锻炼意图的主要因素。

Picky eating behavior and its association with health status among school-age children in Wuhan

Objective To investigate the picky eating behavior among school-age children and to analyze its association with their health status, providing scientific basis for health promotion of school-age children in China. Methods A total of 796 students of grade 3 to grade 6 from two primary schools in Hongshan, Wuhan were selected through cluster sampling. Statistical analysis was conducted according to the results of the 3-day food record and questionnaire survey on children and their caregivers. Results In the current study, 40.58% of the children had picky eating problems, the incidence of picky eating behaviors of migrant children was higher than that of local children (χ 2 = 3.92, P <0.05). Most of the picky eaters (23.87%) tended to reject vegetables. Compared to the others, picky eaters had lower intake of vitamin B 2 [(0.49±0.01) (0.46±0.01) mg] and vitamin C [(57.35±0.76)(54.32±0.90) mg] ( t = 2.03, 2.57, P <0.05) and had a higher risk of stunting ( OR = 1.42, P <0.05). Conclusion Picky eating behaviors are common among school-age children, which is significantly associated with stunting. Nutritional education for children (especially migrant children) are urgently needed to improve their dietary structure and promote healthy growth and development. 【摘要】 目的 调查学龄儿童挑食状况及其与健康状况的关系, 为中国学龄儿童的健康促进工作提供科学依据。 方法 采用整群抽样法, 抽取武汉市洪山区2所小学三至六年级的796名学生, 开展为期3d的膳食调查, 同时对儿童及其看护 人进行营养问卷调查, 根据调查结果进行分析。 结果 40.58%的儿童存在挑食问题, 流动儿童与本地儿童间挑食行为报 告率差异有统计学意义 (χ 2 = 3.92, P <0.05), 拒绝蔬菜类食物的儿童最多 (23.87%)。与非挑食者[(0.49±0.01) (57.35± 0.76)mg]相比, 挑食者[(0.46±0.01)(54.32±0.90)mg]维生素 B 2 和维生素C的每天摄人量较低 ( t 值分别为 2.03,2.57, P 值均<0.05), 且挑食者身高发育生长迟缓的发生风险比非挑食者更高 ( OR =1.42, P <0.05)。 结论 挑食行为普遍存在于学 龄儿童中, 且与儿童身高发育迟缓显著相关。亟需针对儿童(特别是流动儿童) 的营养教育活动, 改善中国儿童膳食结构, 促进健康成长。

Quantitative assessment on the reinforcing behavior of the CFRP-PCM method on tunnel linings

In this paper, the carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) grids embedded in polymer cement mortar (PCM) shotcrete (CFRP-PCM method) was conducted to repair the degraded tunnel linings with a cavity. Subsequently, the reinforcing effect of the CFRP-PCM method under different degrees of lining deterioration was quantitatively evaluated. Finally, the limit state design method of the M-N interaction curve was conducted to determine whether the structure reinforced by the CFRP-PCM method is in a safe state. The main results indicated that when the cavity is at the shoulder, the lining damage rate is more serious. In addition, the remarkably reinforcing effect on the degraded tunnel linings could be achieved by applying a higher grade of CFRP grids, whereas the optimization effect is no longer obvious when the grade of CFRP grids is too high (CR8); Furthermore, it is found that the M-N numerical values of the ten reinforcing designs of the CFRP-PCM method are distributed outside the corresponding M-N theoretical interaction curves, and these designs should be avoided in the corresponding reinforcing engineering.

Physical exercises and associated factors among college students during COVID-19 pandemic

Objective To understand physical exercises and associated factors among college students COVID-19 pandemic, and to provide a reference for promoting physical exercise of college students at home. Methods A convenient questionnaire survey was used to investigate the physical exercise and associated factors of 1 132 college students in 6 colleges in Beijing. Results A total of 1 033(91.25%) college students participated in physical exercise; with an average of (3.33±1.99) times per week, the length of each exercise was (39.24±13.23) min, and the subjective sense of exercise intensity was (2.61±0.99). Differences in exercise frequency, duration and intensity differed significantly by gender ( P <0.05). Differences in exercise frequency were significantly by grades and places of residence ( P <0.05). The exercise items of college students differed by genders and places of residence were statistically significant ( P <0.05). Students with different exercise motivations showed significant differences in exercise behaviors ( P <0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that grade, lack of interest in exercise, limited venues, incomplete equipment, family sports atmosphere, and school requirements were associated with participation in physical exercise behavior at home ( P <0.05). Conclusion The status of home physical exercise for college students needs to be improved. It is necessary to combine college students’ exercise motivation and characteristics of exercise items based on school physical education, and to establish a family-school-society network interactive platform to form an effective linkage mechanism to promote college students’ active participation in physical exercise at home. 【摘要】 目的 了解新型冠状病毒肺炎（简称 “新冠肺炎” ）疫情期间大学生体育锻炼行为现状及影响因素, 为促进大学 生居家体育锻炼提供参考。 方法 方便抽取北京市6所高校1 132名大学生利用问卷星进行体育锻炼行为与影响因素问 卷调查。 结果 1 033名（91.25%)大学生居家参与体育锻炼, 每周锻炼频次为（3.33±1.99)次, 每次锻炼时长为（39.24± 13.23)min, 锻炼强度主观感觉值为（2.61±0.99)。不同性别大学生锻炼频次、时长和强度差异均有统计学意义, 不同年级 和居住地大学生锻炼频次差异有统计学意义( P 值均<0.05);不同性别、居住地大学生锻炼项目差异有统计学意义（ P 值均 <0.05);不同锻炼动机大学生锻炼行为差异有统计学意义（ P 值均<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示, 年级、缺乏锻炼 兴趣、场地受限、器械不全、家庭运动氛围、学校要求是大学生居家参与体育锻炼行为的影响因素（ P 值均<0.05)。 结论 大学生居家体育锻炼现状有待改善, 应结合大学生锻炼动机和锻炼项目特征, 基于学校体育教学, 建立家庭-学校-社会的 网络互动平台, 形成有效联动机制, 促进大学生居家积极参与体育锻炼的行为。

Dynamic stability analysis of rock tunnels subjected to impact loading with varying UCS

The present paper has been carried out to understand the effects of impact loading on the rock tunnels, constructed in different region corresponding to varying unconfined compressive strength (UCS), through finite element method. The UCS of rockmass has substantial role in the stability of rock tunnels under impact loading condition due to falling rocks or other objects. In the present study, Dolomite, Shale, Sandstone, Granite, Basalt, and Quartzite rocks have been taken into consideration for understanding of the effect of UCS that vary from 2.85 MPa to 207.03 MPa. The Mohr-Coulomb constitutive model has been considered in the present study for the nonlinear elastoplastic analysis for all the rocks surrounding the tunnel opening. The geometry and boundary conditions of the model remains constant throughout the analysis and missile has 100 kg of weight. The general hard contact has been assigned to incorporate the interaction between different parts of the model. The present study focuses on studying the deformations in the rock tunnel caused by impacting load due to missile for tunnels having different concrete grade, and steel grade. The broader range of rock strength depicts the strong relationship between the UCS of rock and the extent of damage produced under different impact loading conditions. The energy released during an impact loading simulation shows the variation of safety and serviceability of the rock tunnel.

Flexural behavior of partially prefabricated partially encased composite beams

An innovative partially precast partially encased composite beam (PPECB) is put forward based on the existing research. In order to study the flexural performance of the new composite beam which has precast part and cast-in-place part, six prefabricated specimens and one cast-in-place specimen are designed with considering the influence of the production method, the steel flange thickness, the concrete strength grade and the stirrup process on the behavior of the composite beam. Through four points loading and test data collection and analysis, the behavior of partially prefabricated specimen is similar to that of cast-in-place specimen, and the casting method, the thickness of the steel flange, the concrete strength grade and the stirrup process have different influence on the crack, yield and peak load bearing capacity of the component. Finally, the calculation theory of plastic bending of partially precast partially encased concrete composite beams is given. The calculation results are in good agreement with the experimental results, which can be used for practical engineering theory guidance. This paper can provide reference value for further research and engineering application.

Clinicopathological Correlations in Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinomas.

Squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) represent 20% of all nonmelanoma skin cancers, most tumors responding favorably to the conventional therapy. Incisional or excisional biopsy is essential for diagnosis and prognosis evaluation. The study included 103 cases of SCC, following the assessment of some clinical and histopathological aggressivity factors, which were digitally stored and statistically analyzed using comparison tests. The tumor grade was significantly associated with the histological variant, the maximum tumor size, the perineural and lymphovascular invasion, the depth of the invasion and the status of resection limits. The pT category was significantly associated with the location and maximum tumor size, perineural invasion, depth of invasion and status of resection limits. It was observed a significant association of tumor grade and pT category. The evaluation of the clinical and histological characteristics of SCC is an important step in obtaining relevant prognostic information and applying appropriate therapy.

Estimation of the excavation damage zone in TBM tunnel using large deformation FE analysis

This paper aims to estimate the range of the excavation damaged zone (EDZ) formation caused by the tunnel boring machine (TBM) advancement through dynamic three-dimensional large deformation finite element analysis. Large deformation analysis based on Coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian (CEL) analysis is used to accurately simulate the behavior during TBM excavation. The analysis model is verified based on numerous test results reported in the literature. The range of the formed EDZ will be suggested as a boundary under various conditions – different tunnel diameter, tunnel depth, and rock type. Moreover, evaluation of the integrity of the tunnel structure during excavation has been carried out. Based on the numerical results, the apparent boundary of the EDZ is shown to within the range of 0.7D (D: tunnel diameter) around the excavation surface. Through series of numerical computation, it is clear that for the rock of with higher rock mass rating (RMR) grade (close to 1st grade), the EDZ around the tunnel tends to increase. The size of the EDZ is found to be direct proportional to the tunnel diameter, whereas the depth of the tunnel is inversely proportional to the magnitude of the EDZ. However, the relationship between the formation of the EDZ and the stability of the tunnel was not found to be consistent. In case where the TBM excavation is carried out in hard rock or rock under high confinement (excavation under greater depth), large range of the EDZ may be formed, but less strain occurs along the excavation surface during excavation and is found to be more stable.

Immunotherapy during COVID-19 pandemic: An experience at a tertiary care center in India

Introduction: COVID-19 pandemic has been a curse for cancer patients. The lack of understanding and unawareness in handling cancer patients during this pandemic has worsened their conditions. To analyze the real-world scenario, we studied 13 patients who were given immunotherapy during this COVID pandemic era and tried to analyze their outcome or any serious adverse effect that they suffered. This was a pilot study which would pave the way for further bigger studies in future. The aim of the study was to collect the details of patient receiving immunotherapy during COVID-19 pandemic. The data collected included the diagnosis, certain investigations, and the effects of the immunotherapy drugs and its side effects. Results: During this COVID pandemic period starting from March 20 to June 20, we have been regularly giving immunotherapy drugs such as nivolumab, pembrolizumab, and atezolizumab to our patients. We had given six patients nivolumab, six patients pembrolizumab, and one patient atezolizumab. Of the 13 patients who continued to receive immunotherapy in COVID pandemic era, 4 patients were receiving immunotherapy for lung cancer, 3 for head-and-neck malignancy, 2 for relapse lymphoma, and 1 each for hepatocellular carcinoma, renal cell cancer, malignant melanoma, and soft-tissue cancer. One of the patients receiving atezolizumab had actually progressed after receiving pembrolizumab. There was no Grade 3 or 4 toxicity to these drugs and most of our patients continued to be in stable disease/partial remission. One patient had died just after receiving one cycle of nivolumab. Conclusion: COVID-19 infection has posed an unforeseen predicament both for the patients and the treating oncologist. In absence of any previous data, it is very difficult to manage cancer patients where the treatment itself is thought to harm the patients. This is a humble effort to bring to the notice of the world that immunotherapy can be continued during COVID pandemic, provided we take all due precautions.

Steel Choice for Fabricating Welded L80 Grade Tubing Pipes

Steel Choice for Fabricating Welded L80 Grade Tubing Pipes

“A comparative study using conventional concomitant chemoradiotherapy (using cisplatin-based chemotherapy) with accelerated (six fractions a week) chemoradiotherapy in inoperable or nonresectable locally advanced non-small cell lung cancers:” A prospective randomized trial

Context: The conventional concomitant chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) is the standard treatment for locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Accelerated CCRT results in shortening of overall treatment time which can contribute in controlling accelerated tumor repopulation. The increase in tumor control probability (TCP) can be expected with no or little effect on late normal tissue injury for a given total dose. Aim: The aim of this study was to compare the disease response, toxicity profile, quality of life (QoL), and overall survival in accelerated versus conventional CCRT. Subjects and Methods: Total 42 patients were randomized into two groups – study group (n = 21): Accelerated CCRT, radiation was given as 6 fractions per week (60 Gy/5 weeks/30#) with injection cisplatin 20 mg/m2 intravenous (iv) days 1–5 and days 29–33 + injection etoposide 50 mg/m2 iv days 1–5 and days 29–33 and control group (n = 21): Conventional CCRT, radiation was given as 5 fractions per week (60 Gy/6 weeks/30#) along with the same chemotherapy. External beam radiation therapy was delivered by cobalt-60 machines. Results: The overall response rate (complete and partial response) for all patients was 66.6%. In the control group, it was 66.2%, and in the study group, it was 66.6%. Grade ≥II pulmonary, hematological, and esophageal toxicities were seen in 57%, 43%, and 24% in patients of the control group and 53%, 53%, and 33% in the study group, respectively. In QoL analysis, maximum improvement was noted for hemoptysis, arm/shoulder pain, dyspnea, and chest pain in both the groups. Statistical Analysis Used: The data were analyzed by Student's t-test and Chi-square test. P

Laparoscopic ureterolithotomy: bridging the gaps between open surgery and ureteroscopy and/or shock wave lithotripsy

Background Ureteroscopic procedures together with shock wave lithotripsy are the standard of care for patients with symptomatic ureteral stones; in cases with large (>20 mm) and/or impacted stones, laparoscopic ureterolithotomy can be considered an alternative to open surgery, as it is less morbid with high stone-free rates. Patients and methods A retrospective study of patients enlisted for active ureteral stone treatment was conducted. Files of 945 patients were reviewed and analyzed in term of stone size, number, and history of previous stone procedures. A total of 73 patients were included; they had transperitoneal ureterolithotomy for either proximal or distal ureteral stone(s). Results Mean stone size was 31.7±8.5 mm, and median stone number was 1 (1–3). A total of 48 patients had proximal ureteric stones, whereas 25 had distal ones. Mean operative time was 96±19.2 min, stone-free rate was estimated to be 97%, and procedure was aborted in two patients. Complications were reported in 16%, with no grade 3 complications according to Clavian–Dindo classification. Mean hospital stay was 3.2±1.1 days. Conclusion Laparoscopic ureterolithotomy is to be considered for the treatment of large ureteric stone when other minimally invasive modalities are not available; it can bridge the gap between the minimally invasive procedures and conventional open surgery.

Management of tuberculosis outbreaks in middle schools of Bijie City

Objective To understand the management of tuberculosis outbreaks in middle schools in Bijie City, and to put forward suggestions to improve the quality of tuberculosis epidemic situation in schools. Methods A unified questionnaire was used to investigate the management of tuberculosis outbreaks in middle schools reported by tuberculosis information management system from August 27, 2018 to January 6, 2019 in Bijie City. Results The screening rate of close contacts was 69.72%(99/142), which significantly varied by counties ( P <0.01). The time from the date of diagnosis of patients to screening of close contacts by local CDC was 3 (1-10.5) days. Rate of standardized management process for close contacts aged 15 years or older (0) was lower than that for close contacts aged younger than 15 years old (23.08%) ( P <0.01). 3 462 close contacts were screened for TB symptom, and chest X-ray among those suspected individuals (process 1), and 2 439 close contacts were screened with TB symptom, PPD test, and chest X-ray among those suspected individuals or those with strong positive in PPD test (process 2). The detection rate of pulmonary tuberculosis in close contacts of Grade I was lower in Process 1 (28.89/100 000) than in Process 2 (328.00/100 000) ( χ 2 = 6.56, P = 0.01). The latent infection rate of the first-class close contacts (6.39%) was higher than that of the second-class close contacts (1.93%) ( χ 2 =54.86, P <0.01). Conclusion Management of tuberculosis outbreaks in middle schools in Bijie City in 2018 is effective and timely, but the standardization needs to be improved. 【摘要】 目的 了解毕节市中学结核病疫情处置措施实施情况,为提升学校结核病疫情处置质量提出建议。 方法 采用 统一调查问卷,对毕节市2018年8月27日一2019年1月6日结核病信息管理系统上报的中学肺结核疫情处置情况进行 调查。 结果 密切接触者筛查开展率为69.72%(99/142),不同县（区）间开展率差异有统计学意义（ P <0.01)。患者确诊 之日至属地疾病预防控制机构开展密切接触者筛查工作的时间为3(1〜10.5)d。年龄≥15岁密切接触者的流程规范率 (0)小于<15岁密切接触者(23.08%) ( P <0.01)。3 462名密切接触者开展了症状筛查,发现可疑症状者进行胸片筛查（流 程1);2 439名密切接触者同时进行症状筛查与结核菌素（PPD)试验,对可疑症状者以及PPD强阳性者进行胸片筛查（流 程2)。I级密切接触者筛查肺结核检出率流程1(28.89/10万）小于流程2(328.00/10万）（ χ 2 = 6.56, P =0.01), I 级密切 接触者潜伏感染率(6.39%)大于II级密切接触者（1.93%) ( χ 2 = 54.86, P <0.01)。 结论 毕节市2018年中学结核病疫情处 置开展度较高、较及时,但规范性有待提高。

A cultura da reprovação em escolas organizadas por ciclos

RESUMO A reprovação está presente na educação brasileira desde a sua expansão, interferindo na trajetória escolar e na qualidade no ensino. Embora ações tenham sido tomadas para combater o problema, as taxas de reprovação e abandono persistem, retrato da permanência de uma pedagogia da repetência. Este trabalho investigou a crença de educadores sobre a reprovação e sua relação com práticas de avaliação em escolas públicas de ensino fundamental da rede municipal de Contagem-MG, Brasil, bem como a variação existente entre essas escolas. Por meio de um modelo de regressão logística multinível, foram definidas duas escolas em que se realizou uma pesquisa comparativa, com observação e entrevistas a educadores. Os resultados indicam que certas decisões avaliativas por vezes se distanciam de conhecimentos pedagógicos, influenciadas pela crença que a retenção de um aluno favorece o seu aprendizado, além de funcionar como um instrumento de coerção e justiça.

Efficiency of insulation layers in fire protection of FRP-confined RC columns-numerical study

This paper addresses the efficiency of thermal insulation layers applied to protect structural elements strengthened by fiber-reinforced polymers (FRP) in the case of fire event. The paper presents numerical modeling and nonlinear analysis of reinforced concrete (RC) columns externally strengthened by FRP and protected by thermal insulation layers when subjected to elevated temperature specified by standard fire tests, in order to predict their residual capacity and fire endurance. The adopted numerical approach uses commercial software includes heat transfer, variation of thermal and mechanical properties of concrete, steel reinforcement, FRP and insulation material with elevated temperature. The numerical results show good agreement with published results of full-scale fire tests. A parametric study was conducted to investigate the influence of several variables on the structural response and residual capacity of insulated FRP-confined columns loaded by service loads when exposed to fire. The residual capacity of FRP-confined RC column was affected by concrete grade and insulation material and was shown to improve substantially by increasing the concrete cover and insulation layer thickness. By increasing the VG insulation layer thickness 15, 32, 44, 57 mm, the loss in column capacity after 5 hours of fire was 30%, 13%, 7% and 5%, respectively. The obtained results demonstrate the validity of the presented approach for estimation of fire endurance and residual strength, as an alternative for fire testing, and for design of fire protection layers for FRP-confined RC columns.

Evaluation of safety and tolerability of a rush up-dosing allergen-specific immunotherapy with grass pollen, birch, hazel, and alder allergoid in children with allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, with or without asthma.

Background:Usually, the number of injections required to achieve the maintenance dose in subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) is relatively small for some of the currently used allergens, but this may still be uncomfortable for patients, thus compromising adherence and compliance.Objective:The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and tolerability of a dose acceleration of a conventional induction schedule using an allergoid extract of grass pollen, birch, hazel, and alder, needed to achieve the ideal maintenance dose.Methods:In this open-label study, 34 patients with allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, with or without asthma, were treated with SCIT using an allergoid for grass pollen or birch or mix trees with an increase in accelerated induction dose comprising only 3 injections, one per week, compared to a conventional induction pattern in five injections (once a week). Safety determination was assessed by evaluating local and systemic adverse events. Tolerability was evaluated by patients and physicians who performed the treatment.Results:No treatment-related adverse events were observed in any of the patients undergoing rush SCIT. No local reactions, no systemic reactions of any degree (WAO Grade) have been observed. Tolerability has always been rated as very good by both patients and physician.Conclusions:The induction phase, needed to achieve the monthly maintenance dose for a pollen extract, can be greatly accelerated, ensuring a tolerability comparable to that of the conventional schedule. (www.actabiomedica.it)

Relationship between breakfast eating frequency and health-risk behavior of high school students in Chongqing

Objective To investigate the relationship between breakfast eating frequency and health-risk behavior of high school students in Chongqing, and provide a reference for conducting students to get a good habit of eating breakfast everyday. Methods A total of 3 283 high school students in Chongqing were selected to participate in a questionnarie by using convenience sampling method. Logistic regression analysis were condueted to analyze the influences made by the unhealty eating behaviors on eating frequency of breakfast. Results There were 2 064(69.2%) students eating breakfast everyday, 1 219(37.1%) students having no breakfast or eating breakfast sometimes. There were significant differences between different gender, grade, native place, drinking energy drink, smoking, drinking alcohol, gambling, internet addiction students’ rate of unhealthy breakfast eating frequency (χ 2 = 6.80, 53.97, 8.10, 23.79, 7.89, 16.31, 3.93, 17.96, P <0.05), the males’ (36.1%) was beyond the females’ (33.3%), the energy drink drinkers’ (41.2%) was beyond the non-drinkers’ (31.7%), the smokers’ (40.9%) was beyond the non-smokers’ (34.4%), the alcohol drinkers’ (40.3%) was beyond the non-drinkers’ (33. 3%), the gamblers’ (39. 7%) was beyond the non-gamblers’ (34.3%), those having internet addictions’ (40.0%) was beyond those having no addictions’ (33.0%). Drinking energy drink ( OR = 1.32, 95% CI =1.12-1.55), drinking alcohol ( OR =1.24, 95% CI =1.02-1.51), internet addiction ( OR =1.42, 95% CI =1.19-1.68) were positively correlated with unhealthy breakfast eating frequency of high school students ( P <0.05). Conclusion Social, families and schools should strengthen the guidance of high school students to develop the habit of eating breakfast every day, and advoid the clustering of skipping breakfast and health-risk behaviors. 【摘要】 目的 了解髙中生早餐食用频次与健康危险行为的关系, 为引导髙中生养成每天吃早餐习惯提供参考。 方法 采用方便抽样方法, 在重庆某区选取1所髙中, 对其中3个年级的学生3 283名进行问卷调査。采用Logistic回归分析健康 危险行为对早餐食用频次的影响。 结果 髙中生每天吃早餐的有2 064名 (62.9%), 不吃或有时吃早餐的有1 219名 (37.1%)。不同性别、年级、生源地、能量饮料饮用、吸烟、饮酒、赌博、网络成瘾的髙中生不健康早餐食用报告 (不吃或有时 吃)比例差异有统计学意义 (χ 2 值分别为 6.80,53.97,8.10,23.79,7.89, 16.31, 3.93, 17.96, P 值均<0.05), 男生 (36.1%)髙于 女生 (33.3%), 饮用能量饮料学生 (41.2%)髙于不饮用学生 (31.7%), 吸烟学生 (40.9%)髙于不吸烟学生 (34.4%), 饮酒学 生(40.3%)髙于不饮酒学生 (33.3%), 赌博学生 (39.7%)髙于不赌博学生 (34.3%), 网络成瘾学生 (40.0%)髙于不成瘾学 生 (33.0%)。多因素 Logistic 回归分析显示, 能量饮料饮用 ( OR =1.32,95% CI =1.12~1.55)、饮酒 ( OR =1.24,95% CI =1.02〜 1.51)、网络成瘾 ( OR =1.42,95% CI =1.19~1.68) 与髙中生不健康早餐食用频次呈正相关 ( P 值均<0.05)。 结论 社会、家 庭、学校应加强引导髙中生养成每天吃早餐的习惯, 避免不吃早餐与危险行为聚集出现。

Current practice and attitudes regarding the perioperative use of cuffed tracheal tubes for pediatric and neonatal tracheal intubation: A survey-based evaluation among Indian anesthesiologists

Introduction: the use of cuffed endotracheal tubes (ETTs) in children is debatable. Despite recent literature on the use of cuffed ETT in children, its use is relatively low even in developed world. We conducted this survey to explore the perceptions and patterns of cuffed/uncuffed ETT usage in children, Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional survey was done using a specially designed Google Form that was circulated among anesthesiologists of any grade practicing in India. The questionnaire was validated by seven experts on a 4-point scale as per the standardized model of content validity index and those with an index Results: The total response rate was 55% (99/180) and after excluding the responses of postgraduates, 96 responses were evaluated. The use of pediatric cuffed ETT was similar among institutions. Only 35.5% of the respondents routinely used cuffed tubes regularly. The common reasons for nonusage of cuffed tubes included fear of higher resistance to flow and risk of subglottic injury. Those anesthesiologists who were performing higher pediatric cases were more inclined to use a cuffed ETT. Endotracheal cuff pressure was monitored routinely by 40% of the respondents who used cuffed tube. Conclusion: Anesthesiologists practicing pediatric anesthesia are more likely to choose cuffed ETT in children aged

A comparative study on effect of 4% gelatin and dextran-40 on blood glucose levels during surgery under subarachnoid block - A randomized, prospective study

Background: Stress response to surgery induces hyperglycemia to a limited extent. An additive hyperglycemic response, secondary to the metabolism of intravenous fluids, can thus prove detrimental to the well-being of the patient, if ignored. Aim and Objectives: Our study aimed to examine and compare the effects of 4% gelatin and dextran-40 on blood glucose levels during surgery under subarachnoid block and their potential to induce hyperglycemia. Materials and Methods: Sixty ASA grade I and II patients were randomized into two groups, 30 patients in each. Group 1 patients were preloaded with 4% gelatin (10 mL/kg) and Group 2 patients were preloaded with Dextran-40 in normal saline (10 mL/kg), over a period of 30 min. Just prior to preloading, baseline capillary blood glucose (CBG) level was noted this is followed by subsequent readings at 20 min interval until 100 min from baseline reading. All patients received normal saline (0.9%) as a maintenance fluid. Under strict aseptic precautions, subarachnoid block using 15 mg of hyperbaric bupivacaine at L3–L4 or L4–L5 level was given after preloading. Results: Both groups are comparable in age, weight, sex, age-wise distribution, type and duration of surgery. The CBG levels in both the groups at 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 min from the baseline were within physiological limits. In group 2, the maximum mean blood glucose level of 98.53 ± 14.57 mg/dL was found at 60 min from onset of preloading, which was found to be statistically significant (P = 0.017) when compared with corresponding blood glucose level (86.50 ± 10.44 mg/dL) in group 1. Conclusion: Preloading the patients prior to subarachnoid block with 4% gelatin or dextran 40 does not raise CBG levels significantly above the physiological limits.

Relationship among bullying victimization, psychological traits and suicide ideation of middle school students in Bijie

Objective To explore relationship among bullying victimization, psychological traits and suicide ideation of middle school students, and to provide suggestions for school bullying and suicide prevention for adolescents. Methods A total of 3 635 students of 7-9th grade from 5 junior middle schools were enrolled and investigated with the Olweus Bully/Victim Questionnaire (OBVQ), psychological traits questionnaire for middle school students and suicide ideation questionnaire. Results Prevalence of bullying victimization was 28.34% of middle school students, while the prevalence of verbal, relational and physical bullying were 22.59%, 12.05% and 7.54%, respectively. Boys had significantly higher rates of bullying victimization than girls ( χ 2 = 88.92, 94.29, 7.69, P <0.01). Bullying victimization was positively associated with suicidal ideation ( r = 0.21, P <0.01), while associated with psychological traits ( r = –0.17, –0.22, P <0.01). Psychological traits had a moderating effect on the relationship between bullying victimization and suicidal ideation ( β = –0.04, P <0.05). Conclusion Psychological traits can buffer the adverse effects of bullying victimization on suicidal ideation, and the critical role of psychological traits in the maintenance and development of adolescent mental health should be emphasized. 【摘要】 目的 探讨初中生欺凌受害、心理素质和自杀意念之间的关系, 为校园欺凌防治和青少年自杀预防提供参考依 据。 方法 采用Olweus儿童欺负问卷、中学生心理素质问卷和自杀意念问卷, 对整群抽取的毕节试验区5所初级中学的 3 635名七至九年级学生进行问卷调查。 结果 毕节试验区初中生欺凌受害的检出率为28.34%, 言语欺凌、关系欺凌、身 体欺凌的检出率分别为22.59%, 12.05%和7.54%, 不同性别学生欺凌受害及言语、关系、身体欺凌的检出率差异均有统计 学意义(χ 2 值分别为88.92,94.29,7.69, P 值均<0.01)。欺凌受害与自杀意念之间呈正相关（ r = 0.21), 两者与心理素质均 呈负相关( r 值分别为-0.17, –0.22) ( P 值均<0.01)。在欺凌受害与自杀意念的关系中, 心理素质的调节作用有统计学意义 ( β = –0.04, P <0.05)。 结论 心理素质能缓冲欺凌受害对自杀意念的影响, 应重视心理素质教育在维护青少年心理健康 中的关键作用。