Grade School Children Research Articles

Когнитивная регуляция младших школьников-билингвов в процессе изучения третьего языка

The work raises problems about the possibility of extrapolating the effects of bilingualism to trilingualism at primary school age, about the increase/decrease in cognitive regulation in bilingual children in the process/result of their acquisition of other languages. The purpose of the pilot study is to identify opportunities in cognitive regulation among primary bilingual schoolchildren in the educational situation of learning a third language. The study involved second grade schoolchildren (N=60) aged from 8 to 9.8 years (M=8.8, SD=0.36), among them with unbalanced bilingualism (N=30, 15 boys, 15 girls ) from the national Udmurt gymnasium; monolinguals with their native Russian language (N=30, 13 boys, 17 girls) from a secondary school in Izhevsk, Udmurt Republic. To measure the components of cognitive regulation, the following were used: test battery NEPSY-II (children's version in printed form): “Repetition of sentences”, “Memory for construction”, “Inhibition”; computer test samples of the software of the psychologist's toolkit “Practice – MSU”: Stroop Test, Shulte Tables, Memory for geometric shapes, Go-NoGo. The main statistical method for analyzing empirical research data is structural modeling (structural equation modeling). The results of the pilot study show a possible syncretic (mixed) effect of bilingualism in the process of mastering a third language by primary schoolchildren with the need to control it in the educational situation. We assume that bilingualism in the educational situation of learning a third language, as a predictor of cognitive changes, provides advantages in the self-organization of subsystems of regulatory processes at the cognitive level and, at the same time, creates difficulties due to the high regulatory load.

The relationship of children's dental clinical status with school performance and school attendance in the Kingdom of Bahrain: A life-course approach.

To examine the association between dental clinical status and school performance and school attendance in the Kingdom of Bahrain (KoB) using a life-course framework. This time-ordered cross-sectional study included 466 school children in Grade 2 (aged 7-8 years) and their parents in the KoB. Data were collected through parents' self-administered questionnaires, children's face-to-face interviews and dental clinical examinations. Data on children's school performance and school attendance were gathered from parents and school records. Structural equation modelling (SEM) examined the direct and indirect pathways between variables. Children born in families with high socio-economic status (SES) were less likely to have dental caries and more likely to have better school performance at 7-8 years of age. Dentine caries was directly linked with poor school performance. Treated teeth directly predicted high school performance. The presence of dentine caries mediated the relationship of SES with school performance. Birth and current socio-economic factors were significant predictors of dental clinical conditions and school performance. Dental caries and fewer treated teeth directly predicted poor school performance.

The Access to Grammatical Number in Spanish Children and Adults

In Spanish, the plural form in plural dominant frequency pairs, like “diente/dientes” [tooth/teeth], occurs more frequently than the corresponding singular form. On the other hand, for the singular dominant frequency pairs such as “cometa/cometas” [kite/kites], the singular form is more common than the plural. The recognition of singular forms by adult readers is dependent on the dominance factor, while the identification of plural forms relies on the frequency of the stem. Given that age and reading experience may influence morphological processing of words, we investigate the representation of singulars and plurals in Spanish primary school children in Third Grade (8/9) and Sixth Grade (11/12) and adults through a lexical decision task. Though children’s lexical decisions were twice as slow as adults, the pattern of morphological processing was consistent across ages: dominant plural forms resulted in decision times that were comparable to those of non-dominant singular forms, while recognition of singular-dominant forms was quicker than recognition of plural non-dominant forms. It appears that singulars are accessed and stored in the lexical memory as separate entities, while plurals depend on their morphological closer relatives, in this case, the singular forms.

Efforts to Increase Children's Reading Interest through the One-Shirt Education Program in Desa Sucenjurutengah Kecamatan Bayan Kabupaten Purworejo

The Baju Satu Education Program is held every Friday and Saturday which is attended by kindergarten and elementary school children in grades 1-6. This activity is carried out every Friday and Saturday at 14.00 WIB. The Baju Satu education program is carried out to increase interest in learning, especially reading. The method used in Baju Satu learning is the play method. Learning titled Baju Satu is focused on the process of learning to read and reading comprehension. The media used are reading books, props, and also interspersed with listening to movies. Assessment or evaluation is carried out every time the activity is completed. The assessment is carried out by the student on duty based on several criteria, including attendance, activeness, intelligence, responsibility, and manners. At the last meeting, gifts were given to the children as a form of appreciation for learning

Penggunaan Metode Game Development Life Cycle (GDLC) Untuk Memudahkan Belajar Bahasa Inggris Dalam Media Game

The development of information and communication technology has developed rapidly in various fields such as in the field of education and the field of play. Technology that is often used in all circles is a smartphone, the use of smartphones in addition to work can also be used to play. Ownership of smartphones according to the survey approximately 81.7% are used to send messages, regarding education, especially English learning according to the EF EPI survey (Englisg Profiency Index) Indonesia is in position 80 in Asia and includes low profiency. It can be concluded that there are still many Indonesian people, especially elementary school children, who still do not know about English. Therefore, a solution is made to introduce English with the theme of writing (writing) on game media, in making this educational game using the GDLC (game development life cycle) method. Educational games need development because many of the mechanics in educational games have passive mechanics, therefore in this game added mechanics, namely endless runner. After making the Tiny Man Genius game, tests were carried out on elementary school children in grades 4 and 6 based on the results of the pre-test and post-test conducted, it looks quite good even though in the pre-test session 81.3% were still below 100 with a maximum score of 200, but in the second experiment, the post-test increased, namely 93.8% increased and 87.5% with scores above 100. After conducting the test, the children stated that 68.8% helped in learning English.

Teacher's efforts in improving the social-emotional development of elementary school-aged children

This research aims to discover how the teacher's efforts improve the social-emotional development of elementary school children in grade II at Sdn Karawang Kulon 1 during learning. This research uses descriptive qualitative research. The ability of children's social-emotional relations develops because of their curiosity about everything in the world around them. Social-emotional development involves relationships and interactions with other people through the feelings expressed by someone towards other people, be they happy or sad feelings. This research uses descriptive qualitative research. The ability of children's social-emotional relations develops because of their curiosity about everything in the world around them. Social-emotional development involves relationships and interactions with other people through the feelings expressed by someone towards other people, be they happy or sad feelings. This research uses descriptive qualitative research. The ability of children's social-emotional relations develops because of their curiosity about everything in the world around them. Social-emotional development involves relationships and interactions with other people through the feelings expressed by someone towards other people, be they happy or sad feelings

Возможности использования видео в образовательном процессе с точки зрения педагогов и подростков

<p>The work is aimed at studying the possibilities of using videos in the educational process. The materials of two empirical studies obtained on a sample of teachers and students in grades 5-11 are presented. Study 1 (N=178) included respondents aged 10 to 18, of whom 54,5% were female; in study 2 (N=35) – aged 21 to 70 years, of which 88,6% were female. Both studies were carried out using the author's questionnaire "Possibilities of video at school" in two modifications – for teachers and schoolchildren in grades 5-11. The results of the answers of teachers and schoolchildren to questions about the frequency and ways of using video in a modern school and after 5 years are compared. The results show a significant excess of the activity of schoolchildren in the use of video in comparison with teachers and reflect the tendency for high school students to use the communicative and reflective capabilities of video. The prospects for using the reflexive analysis of video clips in the process of jointly distributed activities of adolescents to update the zone of proximal development are shown. It is concluded that it is possible to study the influence of the inclusion of video fragments of interaction on the development of communicative and reflexive abilities of adolescents in the process of joint solution of experimental research problems.</p>

HUBUNGAN STATUS GIZI DENGAN KECACINGAN PADA SISWA SDN 1 PAHANDUT SEBERANG KOTA PALANGKA RAYA

Parasitic worm infections can affect the concentration of elementary school students in receiving lessons at school. This study aimed to determine the relationship between nutritional status and helminthiasis infecting elementary school children in grades 1-3 at SDN 1 Pahandut Seberang. Examining the presence of worm eggs includes measuring body weight and height, fecal sampling, feces processing using the Kato-Katz method, and identification of worm eggs. The results of this study are the highest characteristics of elementary school children, namely those with poor nutritional status. The distribution of parasitic worm species found were Ascaris lumbricoides and Trichuris trichiura. The highest prevalence of parasitic worms, namely Ascaris lumbricoides, was 71.7%. The intensity of worms most commonly found was Ascaris lumbricoides at 57.8%. The nutritional status of elementary school children with an undernutrition status of 36.0% is closely related to the prevalence and intensity of worms at SDN 1 Pahandut Seberang.

Meningkatkan Keterampilan Membaca Pada Anak Sekolah Dasar Kelas Tinggi Dengan Menggunakan Metode PQ4R (Preview, Question, Read, Reflect, Recite, Review)

This study aims to determine the effectiveness of using the PQ4R (Preview, Question, Read, Reflect, Recite, Review) method in improving reading skills in elementary school children in high grades. The research method used in this research uses qualitative methods with a literature study approach. Research with literature or literature study is a data collection technique by conducting a review of books, literature, records and various reports related to the problem to be solved to reach a conclusion. This study provides recommendations for educators and education practitioners to consider using the PQ4R (Preview, Question, Read, Reflect, Recite, Review) method to improve reading skills in high school elementary school children. Proper and integrated implementation of the use of this method can be an effective alternative in developing students reading skills and creating a more meaningful learning experience in the learning process at school. The results showed that the use of the PQ4R method (Preview, Question, Read, Reflect, Recite, Review) can significantly improve students skills in reading but there are also some drawbacks when using the PQ4R method (Preview, Question, Read, Reflect, Recite, Review). This method relies on the performance of the brain's memory so that it can improve student understanding, because at this stage of the method carrying out reading activities repeatedly, the information obtained will stick in the students memory longer. While this method is not effective in a small amount of time because this method requires a lot of time, especially at the read stage.

Hubungan Antara Keterlibatan Orang Tua Dan Resiliensi Pada Anak Di Desa Tamansari

Tamansari Village is part of the Lelea sub-district which is located in Indramayu Regency, West Java. Through brief interviews with several students, indications of behavior that could be classified as bullying behavior were found. Responding to this, the student's parents instilled the values of self-resilience into their son's life.One of the external factors that can help build child resilience is the family. The purpose of this study was to find out whether there is a relationship between parental involvement and resilience in children in Tamansari village. This study used a quantitative approach with 140 elementary school students participating, this research was non-experimental. Participants' ages in this study range between nine to 14 years old. This study also consists of 59 male students and 81 female students. This study also consists of third graders to sixth graders. This study used a purposive sampling technique by distributing questionnaires to elementary school children in grades four, five and six. This study used two measuring instruments, namely the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) adjusted by Campbell-Stein (2007)and also a questionnaire developed by Campbell et al. (1985). The results of the correlation test showed that there was a relationship between parental involvement and resilience in children in Tamansari village (r = 0.169, p = 0.05, p <0.046).

Analysis of Elementary Students' Reading Difficulties and its Relevance to Teacher and Parent Guidance

The existence of teacher guidance is one of the most significant factors. Teachers are the most important part of the teaching and learning process, both in formal and informal education channels. Therefore, in every effort to improve the quality of education in the country, it cannot be separated from various matters relating to the existence of the teacher himself. while parents are everyone who is responsible for family or household duties in daily life both in children's educational activities or others, because with parental attention, it can minimize the occurrence of learning difficulties in students. Early reading learning difficulties are reading learning difficulties in elementary school children in grade III. This study aims to describe the difies of beginning reading in students and find out how the guidance of teachers and parents in learning activities. This research uses a descriptive approach. Subjects were grade III students, teachers and parents. The results show that the difficulties in reading of grade III elementary school students are: (1) Not yet able to connect basic words into a sentence; (2) always wrong in spelling activities and pronouncing letters. (3) always mistaken in pronouncing basic words (4) difficulty spelling and combining first and last syllables; (5) spelling slowly and disjointedly and sometimes incorrectly; (6) not yet able to read a sentence consisting of three basic words; (7) very slow progress in reading skills.

The influence of fitball aerobics on the level of physical health of students of the special department

The article examines the influence of fitball-aerobics classes on the level of physical health of elementary school students belonging to a special medical group. The purpose of the study is to experimentally test the effect of fitball aerobics on the optimization of the physical health of students in grades 7-9 of the special department. Research methods: theoretical analysis of program-methodical and normative documents; pedagogical experiment; physiometry, pulsometry, anthropometry; methods of mathematical statistics The basis for the formation of the experimental methodology was the following pedagogical provisions: all physical education lessons with elements of fitball-aerobics were compiled according to pedagogical principles, corresponded to the age characteristics of students, the level of health and the nosology of the disease; the lessons met the interests of schoolchildren, included innovative teaching technologies and various means of health-improving methods and fitness technologies using fitball. Conclusions. Checking the effectiveness of the experimental research work showed the positive impact of the proposed methodology for improving the level of physical health of schoolchildren in grades 7-9 of the special department.

Sedentary Behavior Levels in School-age Children During the COVID-19 Pandemic

The stay-at-home policy during the COVID-19 pandemic increased sedentary behavior (watching TV, playing on cell phones, etc.) in school-age children. WHO recommends that sedentary behavior should only be less than 2 hours per day with an energy expenditure of 1.5 (MET) a week. This study aimed to identify and determine the level of sedentary behavior of children during the pandemic. The research design is a retrospective descriptive by tracing the activities carried out by respondents during the past week, with a sample of 71 elementary school children in grades 4, 5, and 6 who took online learning in Tulungagung Regency, East Java, which was selected using a simple random sampling technique. Instruments of sedentary behavior were measured using the Adolescent Sedentary Activity Questionnaire (ASAQ), which was modified by Karaca & Demirci. The results showed that 88,3% did small screen recreation, 76% did educational activities using computers/handphones, 70% didn’t travel, and 67% did not engage in cultural activities, such as making handicrafts or playing music, but mostly read books for pleasure 48%. Watching television, and using a computer/cellphone as entertainment, is more interesting in children’s minds. High sedentary behavior is also caused by age and available facilities because the development of curiosity and desire to explore is very high at school age. Children’s physical activity is very important for overall developmental growth because it optimizes the mastery of skills and attitudes, facilitates cognitive development, controls and coordinates body parts, and develops emotional intelligence, which is important in life.
 Keywords: sedentary behavior, growth and development, cognitive development, controlling and coordinating body part, developing emotional intelligence

Influence of gender and oral health knowledge on DMFT index: a cross sectional study among school children in Kaski District, Nepal

BackgroundOral health problems are highly prevalent among school children in Nepal. Poor oral health condition may be influenced by various factors. However, little is known about the sociodemographic and awareness related factors on oral health problems among school children in Nepal. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the association of gender and knowledge on DMFT index among school children.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted among school children of Grade Seven in 12 schools of Kaski district in Nepal. Schools were randomly selected from the urban and semi-urban areas in the district. Data were collected covering oral health knowledge, socio-demographic characteristics, oral health condition and practices. The factors of poor oral health condition and practices were examined using t-test, one-way ANOVA, and multiple linear regression.ResultsOf the total participants (n = 669), 54.9% were females and their mean DMFT score was 1.82 (SD = 1.07). Total decayed score was higher among those who did not have knowledge that fluoride prevents decay compared to those who had knowledge about it (Being aware of fluoride prevents decay: Mean = 1.21 (SD = 1.54) versus not being aware of that: mean = 2.13 (SD = 2.13); p = 0.029). Females were more likely to have higher DMFT scores compared to males (β-coefficient = 0.43, 95% CI 0.13, 0.73, p = 0.005). In addition, higher knowledge score was negatively associated with higher DMFT score (β-coefficient = − 0.09, 95% CI − 0.20, -0.01, p = 0.047).ConclusionBeing female students and those having lower level of knowledge on oral health attributed to higher DMFT index. Periodic dental check-up coupled with oral health education on regular brushing, use of fluoridated paste, tongue cleaning and care of gum diseases are recommended in schools.

Effectiveness of an oral health curriculum in reducing dental caries increment and improving oral hygiene behaviour among schoolchildren of Ernakulam district in Kerala, India: study protocol for a cluster randomised trial

IntroductionChildren’s learning abilities suffer when their oral health is compromised. Inadequate oral health can harm children’s quality of life, academic performance, and future success and achievements. Oral health problems may...

The influence of weight training on the manifestation of special physical fitness of schoolchildren in grades 9-11

To establish the dependence of the impact of weight training on the manifestation of physical qualities of schoolchildren in grades 9-11. The research was conducted at the Pokrovsky-Bagachan Lyceum of the Khorolsk City Council of the Lubensk District of the Poltava Region. To solve the problem, a group of 30 high school students was formed, who systematically practiced in the strength sports section, and in particular, kettlebell sports. The age of the test subjects was 15-17 years, the experience of continuous training in kettlebell sports sections was 0.5-1.5 years. Pedagogical testing is presented to determine the level of special preparedness of schoolchildren of grades 9-11, who were engaged in kettlebell sports sections. Exercises were determined that are appropriate to use at these stages of training: jerking a 24 kg kettlebell in 10 minutes; kettlebell push 24 kg in 10 minutes; squats with weights of 24 kg for the number of times; deadlift with weights 24 kg for the number of times. The material presented in this publication shows that the general physical fitness of schoolchildren of grades 9- 11, who train in sports sections of secondary schools, corresponds to peers in most indicators, but has more improved indicators. The mentioned facts testify to the slowing down of the processes of deceleration of the physical development of modern children. As a result of testing of special preparedness using competitive and special-preparatory exercises for kettlebell sports, it was found that the indicators improve every year in all exercises (p<0.05), especially in the 24 kg kettlebell jerk in 10 minutes from the 9th to the 10th grade (t=4.00; p<0.001), and from 10th to 11th grade (3.55; p<0.01), but the high increase was in two years (t=7.05; p<0.001). In performing the 24 kg kettlebell push exercise, the number of times was from 9th to 10th grade (t=2.56; p<0.05), and from 10th to 11th grade (2.79; p<0.05), but high the increase was in two years (t=4.79; p<0.001). Performance of the squat exercise with 24 kg weights increased by the number of times in the age intervals from the 9th to the 10th grade (1.78; p>0.05), from the 10th to the 11th grade (t=2.10; p<0.05) , and for the entire training period (t=3.66; p<0.001). The indicators of deadlift with 24 kg weights per number of times among schoolchildren significantly increased in the period from the 9th to the 10th grade (t=2.77; p<0.05) from the 10th to the 11th grade (t=3.15; p<0, 01), and for the entire period was (t=7.48; p<0.001).

The Double Mediating Effects of Self-Esteem and Peer Attachment on the Influence of Marital Conflicts on Children’s Happiness: Focusing on the 4th~5th Grade of Elementary School

The purpose of this study is to examine the double mediating effect of self-esteem and peer attachment in elementary school students in the effect of marital conflict on the happiness of elementary school students. For this purpose, a double-mediated analysis was conducted using PROCESS macro version 4.1 (Model 6) on the data of 1,392 elementary school children in grades 4-5 and their guardians who participated in the 11th year of the Panel Study on Korean Children. As a result of the analysis, first, marital conflict was significant as a negative correlation with peer attachment, self-esteem and happiness of elementary school students, and peer attachment and self-esteem were significant as a positive correlation with happiness. Second, in the relationship between marital conflict and happiness, self-esteem and peer attachment showed a sequential double mediating effect. It was found that, even if marital conflict is severe, children's peer attachment and self-esteem are very important variables.

VALUE CLARIFICATION PROVIDED BY CHILDREN AT EARLY SCHOOL AGE IN LIGHT OF THE SOCIAL LEARNING THEORY

The purpose of the presented study is to show the clarification of values provided by the early school children in light of the social learning theory. The elements of the value clarification process as well as the opportunities provided by the application of the social learning theory of A. Bandura, who emphasizes the context of the value clarification provided by the school children of the elementary school younger grades, have been presented. In this regard, learning under the influence of consequences of own reactions and learning by modeling are worth mentioning. In the context of conducted analyses, the function of ethos and agos in the system of value clarification provided by the early school children has been highlighted.

Latihan Brain Gym untuk Peningkatan Kemampuan Memori Jangka Pendek pada Anak Sekolah Dasar di SD Negeri 43 Kota Pekanbaru

BRAIN GYM TRAINING FOR IMPROVING SHORT TERM MEMORY ABILITY IN ELEMENTARY SCHOOL CHILDREN AT SD NEGERI 43 PEKANBARU CITY. Brain Gym is a new method developed to stimulate (lateral dimension), relieve (focusing dimension) or relax (focusing dimension) children who are involved in a learning situation that can stimulate children's short-term memory. Previously, SD Negeri 43 Pekanbaru had never received training and counseling related to Brain Gym. Activities carried out on site with counseling and training for elementary school children in grade IV that have been determined. The method used is the lecture method and practice. Counseling involves the homeroom teacher and all students in grade IV. The activity of asking permission from the principal and class teacher, determining the schedule for implementing activities, preparing things needed in implementation, conducting counseling related to Brain Gym theory and practice directly to all students. Previously, the activity was carried out with a pre test and after the activity a post test was carried out. The questionnaire uses the Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire (PSMSQ). The counseling activity was carried out in 4 stages, namely initial survey, pre-test, Brain Gym counseling, brain gym practice, post-test and evaluation. Brain gym is done to improve short-term memory in school children. The total number of extension participants was 57 students and 3 teachers. The solution offered is by conducting counseling and practicing brain gym exercises which are expected to improve short-term memory in children at SD Negeri 43 Pekanbaru. The results of the pre-test mean value of 1.089 and post-test of 0.91 so that there was a significant change between the pretest and post-test, meaning that brain gym training can improve short-term memory of elementary school children.

Study Regarding the Development of Strength During Online Physical Education Classes With 8th Grade Students

"Strength is the ability of the human body to overcome internal or external resistance (Dragnea, A., 2006). Strength motor quality plays an important role in streamlining the instructional-educational process (Ardelean, T., 1981). Strength is one of the most important qualities that the human body has and the one that has a special role in ensuring the basis for the development of other motor qualities (Dragnea, A., 2006). Materials and methods: This study is a research about the development of strength in the online environment in the 8th grade school children. The students that have taken part in the study were between the age of 13 and 15, studying at the Vaida Voievod middle school in Cluj-Napoca. The students were selected from two different study groups, which ranged between 27 to 30 pupils. I’ve been analyzing their physical development, throughout our trainings which took place twice a week, and two hours of physical education, which contained specific exercises. The testing took place at two stages. The initial testing (T.1) took place in November 2020, while the second (T2) was done in May 2021, both consisting of muscle development, pull ups (30 sec), push-ups (30 sec), squats (30 sec), hip thrusts (30sec). Results: for each test, I’ve calculated the arithmetic mean. For each test or control test we calculated the arithmetic mean and the standard deviation. I will further present the value of the arithmetic mean for the pull ups test (30 ‘‘): T1-11.33, T2-15.2. Next I will present the result of the arithmetic mean for the push-ups test (30 ‘‘): t1-15.46, t2-20.33. Arithmetic mean for hip thrusts test (30 ‘‘): t1-20,73 t2-23,13. Arithmetic mean for the squats test (30”): t1-26.46 t2-29.06. Conclusions: Following this study we can say that we came to the conclusion that there are more students who approached the scales given in the specialized books. These students were very receptive to the exercises we proposed through the online classes. Keywords: increasing strength, exercises, middle school children "