Transformation Of Governance Research Articles

New municipalism in action or urban neoliberalisation reloaded? An analysis of governance change, stability and path dependence in Madrid (2015–2019)

Local politics in Spain has triggered iconic shifts over the last few years, and the electoral success of new ‘movement parties’ in particular has dramatically challenged the political establishment. Between 2015 and 2019, many municipalities – including, crucially, the two biggest cities, Madrid and Barcelona – were governed by coalitions originating from anti-austerity, anti-eviction and pro-democracy struggles. This has significantly affected hegemonic and widely normalised discourses supporting the neoliberalisation of urban politics, and to some extent has also prompted novel governance approaches. Based on empirical research undertaken with local councillors, officials, consultants and activists, the article develops an in-depth analysis of governance transformations in the Spanish capital of Madrid. By doing so, it evaluates the ambiguities and contradictions that the government coalition Ahora Madrid was facing during the 2015–2019 legislative term. The debate stimulates critical reflections for academics, practitioners and movements on the transformative capacities that new municipalisms may enact, as well as the constraints faced by established multi-level urban governance regimes.

Nightmare of the Imaginaries: A Critique of Socio-technical Imaginaries Commonly Applied to Governance

This essay aims to analyse and debunk several technology-related concepts commonly discussed in papers, reports and speeches by academics, consultancies, politicians and governmental bodies. Each reflects a presumption about how technology, the internet in particular, and technology-enabled social and political processes might affect the practice of governing. The discussion characterizes the concepts as “socio-technical imaginaries”, a term for ideas that link the socio-political environment with technology. Socio-technical imaginaries start as a description of potentially attainable futures, turn into a prescription of futures that ought to be attained, then become received wisdom about the present day. They are speculation that takes root through reuse and endorsement by authoritative figures, becoming an asserted present reality on the basis of little or no evidence. Once imaginaries become widely accepted and used, they may shape trajectories of research and innovation, steering technological progress as well as public and private expenditure. The imaginaries addressed are: Public Sector Innovation, Digital Transformation of Government, Co-creation & Co-production of Public Services, Crowd-sourcing, Wisdom of Crowds, Collaborative Governance, Customer/Citizen Centricity, Once-only Principle, Personalisation, Big Data, Nudge (Behavioral Insights), Platform Government/GaaP, and Online Participation. Four questions are posed to critique each imaginary: What is the received wisdom? What does that really mean? What is the problem/what has gone wrong? What to do better/what should it be? As a whole package, these imaginaries represent a nightmare for liberal, representative democracy. Some may enable the “panoptic” state, others may undermine existing institutions to open a void for it to step into. Many have the likelihood of creating or reinforcing inequality of opportunity, outcome or influence. But their grip is hard to loosen. The notions that they are inevitable or that issues will be resolved in due course by technology itself need to be challenged by surfacing the human, social and political dimensions and actively addressing them.

METAFORA DALAM PENULISAN BERITA STRATEGIK TERHADAP PROGRAM TRANSFORMASI KERAJAAN (GTP)

Language in news writing is very important because it brings a lot of meaning and understanding when reading to every member of society. The use of correct and meaningful language and having a certain interpretation can shape the thinking of society. Language combinations in news writing have an impact on the development of socio-cultural, informational sources, education, entertainment, key points in the arena of political communication, democratic participation, ideological value communication, norms, nature, and beliefs on an issue. Therefore, this study uses the Critical Discourse Analysis approach (CDA) which emphasizes Critical Metaphor Analysis (CMA) elements to examine the use of language and phrases formed by journalists in writing news on government policy, especially the Government Transformation Program (GTP). The data used in this study were taken from three online newspapers namely Malaysiakini newspaper, Berita Harian, and Utusan Malaysia. The use of metaphorical concepts and metaphors is fully utilized to refine terms in the words, phrases, and sentences written by journalists of these three media organizations. The findings show that journalists are aware and unconscious of writing metaphorical writing and setting the concept metaphor by framing the news they have written. The conceptualized metaphor is clearly displayed in every news writing because they have an agenda set by their respective media organizations to promote or provide understanding on government policies especially in relation to the GTP and the National Key Result Area (NKRA). Their behavior and processes produce stories that have implicit meaning by using metaphors to produce strategic news. The resulting metaphors are different but coherent to confirm the GTP and NKRA as the carriers of positive economic change to the country. Implicitly pointing out that GTP and NKRA need to be implemented if Malaysia wants to become a developed nation. It gives implied meaning because it is not said directly but indirectly through the metaphor.

When marketization encounters centralized governance: Private Higher education in Egypt

The growing presence of private higher education institutions, including international branch campuses (IBCs), can potentially lead to transformations in governance and evaluation modes in contexts of state-centric steering. This paper addresses these transformations in the context of Egypt. The paper shows a hybrid progression in the legal and discursive practices governing private institutions, and a shift towards more procedural autonomy specifically in relation to IBCs. The system, however, continues to rely on a centralized a priori evaluation mode and strict controls. This reflects the inherent tensions within systems of centralized governance and weak institutional autonomy to shift into a posteriori evaluation modes, despite the forces of marketization.

An Exploratory Study of Critical Aspects of Counter Hegemony and Hindu Governmentality in India

The aim of the research is to identity, examine and analyze the views and facts related to Indian governance, politics and Hindu Governmentality. The whole study is based on focusing on Counter hegemony and Governmentality in the context of India. Bringing the social, economic and political transformation is highly significant for making progress and to achieve a place in the era of globalization. Indian governance and Indian politics are currently focusing on maintaining equality, fairness, and justice so that problems within the country related to misuse of authority and power could be successfully tackled and reduced. Transformation in governance is imperative to bring a positive change in government of a state. The term Governmentality has been developed from the genealogical exploration of the modern states as the ‘problem of government’. The problem of government is embedded in promoting sovereignty and conducting bio-politics, therefore, such concepts also provide an opportunity to analyze government and how power is being used with considering the freedom. This research focuses on analyzing the current form of sovereignty in India under the PM Modi’s regime. His regime and analysis of his ways of governing have significantly increased the attention of the people around the world. Modi’s governmentality is mainly influenced by religious ideologies, which he is using as counter-hegemonic actions in order to end secular governmentality. This research have closely analyzed the concepts of governmentality and counter hegemony in order to understand the Indian politics and Indian governance. Hindu Governmentality brings by the Prime Minister Shri. Narendra Modi as his aim for transitioning the Secular Governmentality to Hindu Governmentality. Another significant aspect of this research is that it identified that understanding the act and rationality of government alone is not possible to be understood through ‘governmentality’. Therefore, the counter hegemony has been an important concept to understand the transition of Indian government from secularism to Hindu nationalism. Hindu Governmentality executed by the Narendra Modi enhances the confidence of Hindu population in respect of following their individuality and religion. The Hindu values, perceptions, motifs and ideas are included in the current government’s policies and strategies that come from the Hindu nationalist perception of PM Narendra Modi. In all these years of Modi being the Prime Minister, he has been hinting at various social and political actions that would bring transformation and will bring transition in government from Secular governmentality to Hindu Governmentality. Counter hegemony explains the organic intellectuals that come from working class when become the new leaders, they operate as counter hegemony. Modi’s governmentality had influenced the majority of Indian population (as the majority population is Hindu) and promoted Hinduism as the dominant religion to challenge the normative or existing hegemonic political arrangements. Therefore, this paper concludes that religion is being significantly used in India as counter hegemony to create Hindu Governmentality.

Staffing issues in medical services of the river transportation of the Volga Basin during the years of Russian Civil War

This article describes the conditions and peculiarities of supplying the management apparatus, medical facilities and steamships of Volga Basin with medical staff due to the difficulties of wartime, economic crisis, growth of social and epidemic diseases, drastic transformation of government and social institutions. The relevance of research is substantiated by insufficient study of this topic in historiography, as well as human resourcing of modern national medicine and attempts to reform healthcare system. The author examines the activity of government branches and public organizations in solution of the problem of supplying transport system of the Volga Basis with medical personnel in the period from 1918 to 1922, in the context of development of the unified project of supplying river transport with medical staff. Examination of this question is related to the process of socioeconomic development of the society. The source base is comprised of the materials from Central Archive of Nizhny Novgorod Region. The author reveals the main peculiarities of establishment of the new system of human resourcing in the extreme conditions of wartime; as well as introduced into the scientific discourse the problems of recruitment, employment and relocation of medical personnel of the central apparatus, medical institutions and passenger steamships of river transport of the Volga Basin and practices of their solution.

The Emergence of the Village and the Transformation of Traditional Institutions: A Case Study from Northern Tanzania.

In this paper, we examine how the 2008-2009 drought in northern Tanzania contributed to and catalyzed the transformation of governance concerning the management of natural resources from traditional informal institutions among the Maasai to formal village-based institutions. Our central argument is that village governance in northern Tanzania represents a new, formal institution that is supplementing and in some important ways obviating traditional, informal institutions. Further, this replacement is central to what appears to be a transformation of the social-ecological system embracing the rangelands and pastoral/agropastoral people in northern Tanzania. In this paper, we document the basis for our claims concerning the institutional shift and discuss its implications for livelihoods and social relationships.

National security management: retrospective analysis

The subject of this research is the key changes in the institutional provision of national security. The object of this research is the national security management. Provision of national security is an inextricable element of state administration. The article examines the system of views that reflect state’s position on the question of national security protection, presented in the legislative acts, conceptual and strategic documents considering amendments thereto. The goal of this study consists in determination of transformation of approach of the government of the Russian Federation towards ensuring national security. Federal laws, conceptual and strategic documents of the Russian Federation served as the information base for this research. The scientific novelty consists in systematization of approaches of the state towards understanding of boundaries and organization of national security protection of the Russian Federation. The conducted retrospective analysis allows tracing the changes in approaches of the states towards ensuring national security, observing the transformation of government’s priorities within and outside the country, as well as determining interdependence of the system of national security protection and its structure on the power of state’s authority and the status of development of administration in the Russian Federation. The overall conclusion of this research lies in the statement that the system of national security management is dynamic; its transformation depends on the international relations and factors outside the Russian Federation, as well as on the level of development and stability of the national system of administration.

DEVELOPING DIGITAL SKILLS AND COMPETENCIES OF UKRAINIAN SPECIALISTS AS A VITAL NEED IN THE GLOBAL DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION ERA

This paper provides justification for the most promising directions of updating of the Ukrainian science and education sector in response to the objective digital transformations of public governance and global economy. The first path is the concentration of intellectual and financial efforts on the development and implementation of information platforms on blockchain as domestic, Ukrainian products, which would create a technological basis for the emergence of new types of business being based on similar platforms. The second direction is to build a resilient interaction between science and education, innovative startups and established businesses that are virtually unrelated in Ukraine today. The third path is the development of digital competencies and people skills based on the global digital literacy framework. Based on UNESCO recommendations, promising areas for improvements in education and digital skills for the population have shown the great expediency of training data scientists and scientists.

The proliferation of alternative film exhibition spaces in Istanbul: cultural segregation and urban cinephilia

In the last decade, Istanbul witnessed the rapid proliferation of alternative film exhibition spaces such as museums, cafes, art and cultural centres in specific neighbourhoods. This increase is a result of mostly three forces: the monopoly of dominant distribution companies, authoritarian pressure of the government and urban transformation in Istanbul. These places provide space for censored films and are essentially important for independent and experimental films as well as documentaries and short films which have very limited or no theatrical release. On the other hand, their concentration in specific districts and that they target the audience with certain cultural capital is aggregate hierarchical clusters. Through analysing these alternative exhibition spaces in Istanbul, this study investigates the changing relationship between film exhibition, audience and the city. It discovers how urban transformation, authoritarian cultural policies and economic capital changed cinema-going and urban cinephilia in Istanbul. It suggests that while these alternative film exhibiton venues provide space for independent filmmakers, festivals and censored films, they also articulate to social hierarchy and cultural segregation.

Leading with humility in tumultuous times: evidence from the United States

PurposeWicked problems, cross-sectoral and transregional collaborations, emerging technologies and calls for innovation generate exciting but unpredictable transformations in governance. Emerging research suggests humility, rather than certitude, represents a promising ethos for public leaders working to solve problems in tumultuous times. This study examines the nature, value and practice of humility in public administration (PA) leadership.Design/methodology/approachThis study reviews cross-disciplinary research on the nature and value of humility and emerging findings and debates on humility assessment measures. It analyzes discourse among graduate students in US PA classes and uses ethnographic analysis from workshops with local government leaders to identify institutional dynamics that may influence leaders' willingness to act with humility.FindingsFindings suggest that although PA students and leaders may value humility, they encounter institutional constraints related to public sector legitimacy and narratives about expertise and risk. The author proposes a framework to guide future research and practice in humility and public leadership.Research limitations/implicationsPotential constraints emerged from a modest study of courses and workshops; further research is required to test the prevalence of themes across public leadership environments.Practical implicationsPublic leaders, teachers and coaches may apply these practices and assessment measures to cultivate humility in PA classes and organizations.Originality/valueThis study is among the first to explore leadership humility with attention to how PA context may influence practice.

Illuminating the Black Box of the Government to Governance Transformation Thesis: The Case of Dutch City Deals

ABSTRACT The Dutch national government likes to present itself as modern, open and having embraced the transition from government to governance (transformation thesis). In 2015, it launched its ‘Urban Agenda’ to harness the creative potential of cities to solve complex problems by means of city deals: voluntary agreements between municipalities, national ministries and private parties. City deals were supposed to operate according to the precepts of network governance and reap the benefits commonly associated with it. In 2017, research was carried out to investigate whether this was the case. Based on 44 in-depth structured interviews with a representative sample of participants, the city deals were found to exhibit network governance attributes to widely differing degrees. Moreover, little correlation was found between network governance attributes and positive outcomes. As such, this empirical investigation supports the recent critiques of the transformation thesis.

Sustainability management of short-lived freshwater fish in human-altered ecosystems should focus on adult survival.

Fish populations globally are susceptible to endangerment through exploitation and habitat loss. We present theoretical simulations to explore how reduced adult survival (age truncation) might affect short-lived freshwater fish species in human-altered contemporary environments. Our simulations evaluate two hypothetical "average fish" and five example fish species of age 1 or age 2 maturity. From a population equilibrium baseline representing a natural, unaltered environment we impose systematic reductions in adult survival and quantify how age truncation affects the causes of variation in population growth rate. We estimate the relative contributions to population growth rate arising from simulated temporal variation in age-specific vital rates and population structure. At equilibrium and irrespective of example species, population structure (first adult age class) and survival probability of the first two adult age classes are the most important determinants of population growth. As adult survival decreases, the first reproductive age class becomes increasingly important to variation in population growth. All simulated examples show the same general pattern of change with age truncation as known for exploited, longer-lived fish species in marine and freshwater environments. This implies age truncation is a general potential concern for fish biodiversity across life history strategies and ecosystems. Managers of short-lived, freshwater fishes in contemporary environments often focus on supporting reproduction to ensure population persistence. However, a strong focus on water management to support reproduction may reduce adult survival. Sustainability management needs a focus on mitigating adult mortality in human-altered ecosystems. A watershed spatial extent embracing land and water uses may be necessary to identify and mitigate causes of age truncation in freshwater species. Achieving higher adult survival will require paradigm transformations in society and government about water management priorities.

Towards a comprehensive understanding of digital transformation in government: Analysis of flexibility and enterprise architecture

Digital transformation (DT) is a strategic imperative for governments that aim to improve their services and efficiency. Despite high expectations regarding DT practices, there is limited empirical evidence on how governments are approaching DT in a hierarchical bureaucracy context and how flexibility is created to enable progression. In this research, we employed a case study approach to investigate and analyze DT based on relevant events occurring in a five-year period. A conceptual model was created by combining the diamond framework, the technology enactment framework, and enterprise architecture scope to facilitate the chronological analysis of these events and reflect upon the creation of flexibility. The findings indicate that DT in government spreads in waves with adaptations in different organizational elements, impacting the whole administrative system from the provincial level to the country level and including both radical and incremental changes. Flexibility increases alongside progress in DT and can be technology-enabled or policy-enabled. The creation of flexibility also depends on organizational elements and bureaucratic levels. This study advocates a cross-level view to comprehensively understand DT and offers insights to help other governments craft DT agenda.

Digital Transformation of state and Municipal Governance in Kyrgyzstan

Digital Transformation of state and Municipal Governance in Kyrgyzstan

Transformation of Corporate Governance and Property relations in a Digital Society

The need to transform corporate governance and property relations in a digital society stems from the emerging new realities associated with the emergence of digital assets, new intellectual property objects, and the increasing role of human capital and intellectual capital in innovation. The purpose of the work is to identify trends and directions of transformation of property relations and corporate relations that are inherent in the digital society. The methodological basis of the study was the categorical apparatus of economic theory, institutional theory, methods of dialectics, statistical analysis, principles of formal logic, a systematic approach, scientific works of leading domestic and foreign scientists in the field of property theory and corporate relations. The trends that determine the direction of property modification caused by the formation of a digital society are identified; it is proved that the leading forms of ownership are digital assets and intellectual property objects. It is proved that ensuring a technological breakthrough requires strengthening the role of the human factor and a new human-oriented approach to the transformation of corporate relations. Trends of corporate governance modification in the digital society are revealed. The findings can be used in practice by company management when developing corporate governance strategies.

Evaluating governance of national Antarctic programme: Universities' role in influencing the evolution of Malaysia's engagement on cross-border research of the Antarctic

National Antarctic Programmes (NAPs) need to keep an open mind regarding the effective governance arrangement because they involve complex international bodies and instruments of the Antarctic, and the multiple stakeholders involved at the domestic level. Without a proper setting, country's involvement in this kind of cross-border science programmes and international research collaborations would be a daunting task. Through qualitative approaches, this case study aims to evaluate the domestic governance of Malaysian Antarctic Research Programme (MARP). The result revealed that MARP has passed through several distinct stages of transformations in governance, and researchers from local universities have played significant roles. Several recommendations have been pointed out to reinforce MARP's domestic governance; a part of it to explore potential of public-private partnership and Quadruple Helix (Academia-driven) in diversifying financial resources and intensifying national interests. This study draws lessons from policy learning on a non-traditional Antarctic player trying to govern and sustain its NAP with limited resources; experiences and best practices in engaging cross-border research involving arrangement of multi-level governance; and capacity of university and its researchers in influencing policy-making process of the national research programme.

Illiberal challenges to mainstream public management research: Hungary as an exemplary case

ABSTRACT The apparently successful early years of post-transition democratization and consolidation of Hungary’s system of governance gave space, increasingly, to a remarkable fatigue and stagnation of the post-accession years. This was the starting point of the genuine and drastic transformation of governance and of the entirety of state–society relations having taken place since 2010. The article argues that Hungary’s public management landscape is dominated by this grand illiberal transformation; that the significance of this transformation extends well beyond the region; and that this significance is not only practical but poses true challenges to mainstream theorizing in public management, too.

Research on the Influence of Big Data on Higher Education Based on Feasibility

<p>With the rapid development, human society has entered the era of big data, which has a huge impact on higher education. With the rapid development of information technology in China, higher education has increased the variety and quantity, which speeds up the interaction between information and data. Based on massive information data, big data promotes the development of the world, which has changed the traditional higher education. With the combination of big data and higher education, universities can better promote the governance transformation of higher education. Based on the feasibility of big data, this paper analyzes the impact of big data on higher education. Through big data, colleges can carry out diversified education, which will change the main ideological mode and governance mode of traditional higher education. By strengthening big data literacy, China's higher education can strengthen the construction of data culture, which will build a scientific management model.</p>

Public participation, engagement, and climate change adaptation: A review of the research literature.

There is a clear need for a state‐of‐the‐art review of how public participation in climate change adaptation is being considered in research across academic communities: The Rio Declaration developed in 1992 at the UN Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) included explicit goals of citizen participation and engagement in climate actions (Principle 10). Nation states were given special responsibility to facilitate these by ensuring access to information and opportunities to participate in decision‐making processes. Since then the need for public participation has featured prominently in calls to climate action. Using text analysis to produce a corpus of abstracts drawn from Web of Science, a review of literature incorporating public participation and citizen engagement in climate change adaptation since 1992 reveals lexical, temporal, and spatial distribution dynamics of research on the topic. An exponential rise in research effort since the year 2000 is demonstrated, with the focus of research action on three substantial themes—risk, flood risk, and risk assessment, perception, and communication. These are critically reviewed and three substantive issues are considered: the paradox of participation, the challenge of governance transformation, and the need to incorporate psycho‐social and behavioral adaptation to climate change in policy processes. Gaps in current research include a lack of common understanding of public participation for climate adaptation across disciplines; incomplete articulation of processes involving public participation and citizen engagement; and a paucity of empirical research examining how understanding and usage of influential concepts of risk, vulnerability and adaptive capacity varies among different disciplines and stakeholders. Finally, a provisional research agenda for attending to these gaps is described.This article is categorized under:Vulnerability and Adaptation to Climate Change > Institutions for AdaptationPolicy and Governance > Governing Climate Change in Communities, Cities, and Regions