Transformation Of Governance Research Articles

Restoration versus transformative adaptation of community drinking water systems after Hurricanes Irma and Maria in Puerto Rico.

Hurricane Irma then Maria hit Puerto Rico in September 2017, exposing the heightened vulnerability of the island's Critical Infrastructure Systems and Processes (CRISPs) and putting the resilience of some of the most impoverished communities to the test. Being one of these CRISPs, the island's centralized drinking water system operated by the Puerto Rico Aqueduct and Sewer Authority suffered heavy damage leaving over 200,000 people off-grid for months. Decentralized community aqueducts were also affected. However, most were able to sustain operations, with only 15 percent incapacitated during the first few weeks after Maria. Of the 205 community aqueducts serving low-income communities in the island's central mountainous areas, only 35 failed. This article explores how and why these systems failed and what actions the communities should take to recover in a relatively short time in comparison to the centralized system. It defines the factors that account for the differences, the systems' capacity to meet water quality requirements, and potentially transformative adaptations generated to face future disturbances. We were interested in understanding (a) how system capacity was affected by the restoration process, (b) if adaptation resulted in significant operational changes, and (c) community member engagement. Finally, we explored governance transformations that increased stakeholder's participation, including community aqueducts representatives in decision-making and policy-making. Data collection included interviews with water system managers, government, and nongovernmental organization (NGO) representatives who regulate these systems or assisted communities in recovering their systems. We also surveyed water systems that had operational problems within the first 3 weeks. The data revealed a diversity of actions along the disaster cycle through which communities prepared for, restored, recovered, and cocreated transformative adaptations to their systems. Findings reflect that despite economic deficiencies and lack of emergency plans, many communities were able to improvise and restore their water systems soon after the disaster. As part of their postdisaster organization, communities increased their collaborative networks with governmental and NGOs to cocreate improvement projects to enhance resiliency. Adaptations included (1) increased community autonomy, (2) system redundancy, and (3) improved capacity to participate in government discussion forums related to their systems.

Guidance and Supervision of Regional Innovation Post-Implementation of PP 38 The Year 2017 Regarding Regional Innovation

Rapid global developments make people demand real improvements from the government so that the impact can be felt directly, such as increasing competitiveness, improving public welfare, and empowering communities. The government responded to this push by issuing several regulations that are expected to accelerate service change in Indonesia. One of them is by issuing Government Regulation No. 38 of 2017 concerning Regional Innovation which is used as a solid foothold in guarding the transformation of governance at the local level. The purpose of this study is to provide an idea of ​​guidance and supervision that the Ministry of Home Affairs must carry out, in this case, is APIP.

The modern transformation of family governance: co-evolve of family authority and family formal institution

Purpose This paper aims to investigate the co-evolve relationship between informal relational governance (i.e. family involvement and personal authority) and family formal governance system in the process of growth and transformation. This co-evolve relationship is especially affected by the external institutional environment and market competition power. Thus, in the comprehensive process of deepening the reform and changing market, the modern transformation of family business means that rediscovery of unique superiority of family business and the core of this transformation is the governance of status privileges and private interests. Design/methodology/approach To test the hypotheses, this paper uses the 9th Chinese Private Enterprise Survey in 2010. A total of 4,900 questionnaires are issued, 4,614 are recovered and the total recovery rate is 94.16%. After clean the data, the study obtained 1,239 samples. To overcome the possible existence of heteroscedasticity, this study uses the feasible generalized least squares (FGLS) to estimate the model. Besides, as for dummy dependent variables, this study uses logistics regression. Findings This paper makes an empirical test for the evolution of family governance driven by institutional change and organizational growth willingness in the process of growth and transformation, including a co-evolve relationship between family involvement and governance institution. Meanwhile, the empirical analysis comes to the conclusion that the institutional constraint to relational governance improves firm performance, which further promotes the modern transformation of family business governance. Practical implications It is the key to transformation to the modern corporate organization that family business could beyond the intervention of the traditional nepotism, patriarchal authority and family will. The fundamental of this process is to take advantage of formal institutions to manage family power. Originality/value This paper discusses the modern transformation of the formal organization from the perspective of modern ideal dominant type proposed by Max Weber. Modern organization is a hybrid system of the non-personified and personified institution. The primary reason why modern organization suffered erosion and destruction is that informal institution (status and relationship network) were endowed with legal privileges and private interests in modern organization including family business. The governance of privileges and private interests has become the core issue that whether the family business could play an instrumental value and realize modern transformation successfully.

Local Government Response to COVID-19: Revitalizing Local Democracy in Bangladesh

The study aims to identify the role of local government and its transformation in response to the COVID-19. It also shows how local governments extended the scope of accountability and transparency to strengthen democracy. The study followed the social survey method and collected data online through Google Docs form. The data were analyzed through descriptive statistics to generate expected results and test the hypothesis by the Spearman correlation coefficient. The study found local governments were positive during COVID-19 to provide services and offered more public engagement in policy formulation, thus more democratic. The health sector has shown the highest priority, with food and environmental services. Inefficient management capacity of leaders and apathy in public engagement hamper resource mobilization at the local level. During COVID-19, ICT intervention and innovation for digital transformation in local governance increased accountability and transparency through easy and effective participation of mass people to strengthen local democracy to respond effectively against COVID-19.

Public and private governance in Business and Human Rights: A dynamic model of mutual influences

The last three decades have heralded a rise of private governance schemes and a respective transformation of traditional state-centered global governance. In this conceptual paper, we show that pri...

The climatization of global politics: introduction to the special issue

Climate change now constitutes a major issue in world politics, intersecting with and shaping many other political domains, and wider patterns of social and economic life. Global climate governance is also no longer restricted to multilateral negotiations under the UN Climate Convention: it increasingly extends beyond the international climate regime to climatize other areas of global politics. This concept of climatization points to a powerful but uneven process of extension, translation, and social coordination, as climate change becomes the frame of reference through which other policy issues and forms of global activism are mediated and hierarchized. This special issue brings together contributions on both theoretical aspects and empirical cases of the climatization process. The introduction sets out a conceptual framework to systematize these observations and guide further research. First, we identify the preconditions for, and driving forces behind, climatization. We then sketch the contours of an emergent ‘climate logic’ that reshapes affected domains, and examine the wider implications of climatization for global politics. Beyond the climate case, we hope this will provide new ways to observe and understand contemporary transformations of global society and global governance.

Missed marks: This is no longer the 20th century

Following an invitation by the editors of Social Science Information to react to an article by Olof Hallonsten, this article joins a debate about ways of evaluating science in our current context. This article presents an argument in support of the following four assertions and their importance to properly approach today the transformations of science evaluation and governance in the last decades: (a) scientific communities have failed to update their self-governance as societies transitioned from ‘rural-labor societies’ to ‘urban-knowledge societies’; (b) the ensuing discrepancy from expectations contributed to the economization of science; (c) we must consider two distinct processes of democratization; and (d) geopolitics plays an important role in the establishment of commodification in wealthy nations.

The Politics of Ocean Governance Transformations

Recently, oceans have become the focus of substantial global attention and diverse appeals for “transformation.” Calls to transform ocean governance are motivated by various objectives, including the need to secure the rights of marginalized coastal communities, to boost ocean-based economic development, and to reverse global biodiversity loss. This paper examines the politics of ocean governance transformations through an analysis of three ongoing cases: the FAO’s voluntary guidelines for small-scale fisheries; debt-for-“blue”-nature swaps in the Seychelles; and the United Nations’ negotiations for a high seas’ treaty. We find that transformations are not inevitable or apolitical. Rather, changes are driven by an array of actors with different objectives and varying degrees of power. Objectives are articulated and negotiated through interactions thatmayreassemble rights, access, and control; however, there is also the potential that existing conditions become further entrenched rather than transformed at all. In particular, our analysis suggests that: (1) efforts to transform are situated in contested, historical landscapes that bias the trajectory of transformation, (2) power dynamics shape whose agendas and narratives drive transformational change, and (3) transformations create uneven distributions of costs and benefits that can facilitate or stall progress toward intended goals. As competing interests over ocean spaces continue to grow in the coming decades, understanding the processes through which ocean governance transformations can occur—and making the politics of transformative change more explicit—will be critical for realizing equitable ocean governance.

Assessing rice production efficiency of the granary and non-granary areas in Malaysia using data envelopment analysis approach

The performance of rice production efficiency between two homogenous regions (granaries and non-granaries) at the regional level in Malaysia is evaluated by applying the data envelopment analysis (DEA) approach. In general, the granary area receives much attention to achieve sustainable rice development compared to non-granaries. The period observed from 2009 to 2018 related to the comprehensive government transformation in strengthening paddy and rice value-chain after the 2007-2008 international food crisis. Under the new National Agrofood Policy (NAFP) 2011-2020, more agricultural assistance and development expenditure was allotted. The total of eighteen regions was classified into eight granaries and ten regions for non-granaries. The output-input oriented analysis under CRS and VRS specifications were performed. From CRS and VRS technical efficiency scores ratio, the scale efficiencies were calculated. The result shows that eight (44.44%) out of eighteen regions maintain high efficiency with scores greater than 0.9000 for both specifications. Meanwhile, under ‘pure’ technical efficiency (VRS), eleven (61.11%) out of eighteen regions maintain high efficiency with scores greater than 0.9000. For productivity status, twelve (66.67%) out of eighteen areas are optimum and increasing productivity approach and the remaining six (33.33%) are decreasing productivity. This empirical study also demonstrates substantial performance variations between output (rice production) and production factors (land, planting frequency, irrigation areas, total subsidies and incentives received). Overall, the Malaysia paddy and rice industry’s efficiency performance can be considered still inefficient but has the potential to maximize the production through rationalizing the inputs used and obtain production efficiency, especially the inefficient regions.

The time profile of transformations in territorial governance

The time profile of transformations in territorial governance

The Role of Belt and Road Initiative in Global Governance

China's BRI provides a major impetus for promoting global governance transformation: The BRI heightens awareness of the need to establish a community of shared destiny for humanity and advances the development of epistemology in global governance. It provides more sustainable global public goods, thus raising the bar for global governance's ethical norms. The BRI blends top-down and bottom-up methods to global governance to promote voluntary action. The BRI builds on China's own experience combining reform, development, and stability, thus balancing the security, ecological, social, and economic aspects of global governance and fostering shared growth among nations and areas along the routes. I will identify by using an analytical review that Is the BRI a significant instrument for seeking after the energetic global authority of China? It inferred that generally, the BRI had been a successful tool in China's long quest for global governance leadership, yet extra efforts are required to handle risks and challenges.

APIs for EU Governments: A Landscape Analysis on Policy Instruments, Standards, Strategies and Best Practices

Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) could greatly facilitate the exchange of data and functionalities between software applications in a flexible, controlled and secure way, especially on the web. Private companies, from startups to enterprises, have been using APIs for several years now, but it is only recently that APIs have seen increased interest in the public sector. API adoption in the public sector faces organisational, technical, legal and economic obstacles, and to overcome these barriers, proposed methods from the private sector and early adopters in the public sector provide a way forward. The available documentation is often sparse, difficult to find and to reuse for new contexts. No past efforts to collect and analyse these resources have been made. To address this shortcoming, this paper describes a landscape analysis in four areas: the main European Commission policy instruments on the adoption of APIs, the available web API standards, a set of European government API strategies and cases, and a list of government proposed methods distilled from more than 3900 documents. Our results reveal that European policy legislation and associated instruments promote, and in some cases mandate, the use of APIs, and that governments’ API strategies in the European Union are rather young but also that there are well known web APIs standards and proposed methods ready to support the digital transformation of governments through rapid, harmonised and successful adoption of APIs.

Leverage structure decisions in Bangladesh: managers and investors’ view

The paper investigates the impact of managers' and investors' perceptions on financial leverage decisions in Bangladesh. To fulfill the purpose of the paper, the final structure of the questionnaire was made by adopting pre-testing and assessment of outer factor loadings and measures the internal consistency of all items in the test or scale using Cranach's Alpha. The composite reliability (CR) was tested by calculating the composite alpha and average variance extracted (AVE). The study employs partial least square structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) to investigate the structured relationship between the observed and latent variables and extends the path analysis to test the hypotheses. The study reveals that corporate governance significantly and positively influences the leverage structure decision. The result intends to establish that if firms serve corporate governance, it will make the firms to manage more debt into the leverage structure decision. Results also reveal a negative and significant association between the determinants and financial leverage structure decision, and this relation signifies that when determinants tend to upturn, outside borrowing will fall into the financial leverage structure decision. The policy implications advanced from this study include the transformation of ownership structure, corporate governance, and financial policy to facilitate proper leverage structure decisions.

Towards a comparative research agenda on in situ urbanisation and rural governance transformation

This article explores how rural settlements urbanise, and how rural governance transforms in the process. The question is motivated by the significant contribution that smaller urban centres are projected to make to the world’s future urban growth, the majority of which will occur in the global South. Many smaller centres are emerging through in situ urbanisation, wherein a rural settlement becomes urban. Given the importance of small town growth, the article proposes a comparative research agenda with the aim of exploring and comparing the institutional transformations occurring in ‘transitional spaces’, the governance complexities these transformations present and the consequences for establishing urban planning systems in historically rural settlements. The agenda is operationalised in sub-Saharan Africa through a case study of Karonga Town, an emerging urban centre in Malawi. The agenda draws on a varied body of case-study research on small town growth and rural transformation in sub-Saharan Africa generally and Malawi specifically. The agenda has the potential to make a significant contribution to the literature seeking to reveal the informality in different governance landscapes and the forms of urbanisation in which these landscapes are embedded in sub-Saharan Africa and beyond.

The efficiency of e-government portal management from a citizen perspective: evidences from Turkey

PurposeThis study aims to explore the key factors in achieving an efficient e-government portal management system from a citizen perspective. Accordingly, this study focuses on explaining how an e-government portal should manage its digital public services for citizens efficiently.Design/methodology/approachThis study employs a qualitative research design. As a sample case, this study preferred to analyze the Turkish e-government portal. The data is based on available open access data and information from the Turkish e-government portal, which is called e-Government Gateway in practice. In addition, the data of TURKSTAT (Turkish Statistical Institute) were used to determine the general profile of citizens about Internet skills and usage. Then, the data is analyzed by descriptive content analysis.FindingsAs a result of descriptive findings, user type, digital platform options, security and access options, and digital public service classification are all found as important factors for providing a well-designed e-government portal system from a citizen perspective. Especially, citizens should be informed about using options and service categories and types to be accessed by the e-government portal. Social media tools are efficient factors when informing citizens about the e-government portal and communicating with them.Research limitations/implicationsThis study provides an original model to explain how the Turkish e-government portal works from a citizen perspective. However, there are some limitations to the study. The findings and suggestions are based on the Turkish e-government portal and its digital public service management. Also, this study evaluates the efficiency of the e-government portal management from a citizen perspective. Future studies can investigate e-government portal management for different countries by different approaches or research designs.Practical implicationsBased on the Turkey case, it is determined that creating an e-government portal with having up-to-date public services, including both web-based and mobile-based platforms, will support the adoption and use of e-government portals.Social implicationsThe digital transformation of government is almost the main issue for policymakers in the world. But, this transformation process has some risk factors as well as challenges. To overcome these challenges, policymakers should design flexible and adaptable digital portals and systems to provide easy-to-use and self-use options for the citizens.Originality/valueThis study reveals key factors for efficient e-government portal management by providing descriptive evidence from Turkey. The main contribution of this study is expected to give practical implications and to guide other countries about the adoption of efficient e-government portals by citizens.

Advancing Ocean Governance in Marine Regions Through Stakeholder Dialogue Processes

The poor state of the ocean and the transboundary nature of the marine environment require bold action by States coordinated across sectors and territorial boundaries in order to deal with the manifold challenges the ocean is facing—and with it humankind. Cooperation and coordination among States and stakeholders in marine regions have proven to be important levers for policy implementation and to strengthen ocean governance, yet remain challenging. Transparent and engaging stakeholder dialogue processes have the potential to provide guidance for the necessary transformation toward ocean sustainability and support the attainment of Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) for the ocean, SDG 14 and other interlinked ocean-related targets. The aim of this study is to review the challenges and opportunities of current collaborative efforts, namely multi-stakeholder dialogue and exchange processes, within and between marine regions to accelerate transformative action, contributing to these global goals. This paper builds on knowledge co-production and collaborative governance literature, and reviews experiences by stakeholders with ocean-related science-policy interfaces in an effort to strengthen regional ocean governance. As an exemplary case of such interfaces, this study assesses the Marine Regions Forum, a newly established inclusive dialogue and exchange platform for diverse actors from marine regions that aims to provide an informal space for joint learning and support regional action and international governance processes alike. Employing latent content analysis of interviews with experts, critical common barriers that hamper current collaborative efforts amongst stakeholders in marine regions are identified, such as fragmented governance frameworks, power and resource imbalances, and lack of meaningful stakeholder engagement. Pathways to address these challenges, such as through common goal orientation, contextualisation, inclusivity, trust building and meaningful continuous interactions are also identified. This paper concludes by discussing the value added of transparent and inclusive collaborative processes in the transformation of ocean governance toward achieving sustainability.

Digital government transformation: A structural equation modelling analysis of driving and impeding factors

Digital technologies are transforming the public sector by affecting applications, processes, culture, structure, and civil servants’ responsibilities and tasks. Yet, there is a void in research about driving and impeding factors influencing digital government transformation (DGT). The article contributes to the current debate on DGT by quantitatively assessing the transformation and its driving and impeding factors. The analyses were performed by collecting and analyzing through structural equation modeling 491 answers to a survey to Italian administrations. Results show that DGT is influenced by a combination of different factors, including the sense of urgency, the need for change, and the creation of a collaborative environment, suggesting that more effort is required for including public managers in the current debate on DGT. Organizational barriers and lack of support are impeding factors. Finally and counter-intuitively, resistance to change was not found to impede the transformation.

How entrepreneurialism influences HSR-driven land development: Case studies of Anhui province, China

Since 1980s, impacted by globalization and economic decentralization, Chinese local governments are well-known for its urban entrepreneurialism. However, after the 2008 economic crisis, state direct intervention was re-iterated and became one of the main strategies applied worldwide to tackle development challenges. The high-speed rail (HSR) development has been known as one of many state-led mega-projects that China committed to delivering, aims at stimulating the domestic economy and urbanization under this backdrop. By comparing two cases of HSR lines and new zones development in Anhui province, the study revealed that not only the central power directly intervened local land markets and achieved further consolidation of state power while the entrepreneurial central state power has incurred an increasingly intricate relation that produces a far-reaching impact on Chinese urban land policies and urban governance. This study, therefore, argues that the top-down intervention critically affected the local development through large-scaled infrastructures driven land development while the opportunities and risks have coexisted. Also, the land market, if not the market in general, has considerable influence over institutional structures and, in this case, resulted in governance transformation – central power entrepreneurialism. The empirical insights enriched the ‘entrepreneurialism’ and the urban governance transition resulted from it to an unexplored context and dimension.

Digital transformation of urban governance in China: The emergence and evolution of smart cities

This research article contributes to the field of digital governance as it reviews the conceptual definition and practical application of “smart cities” in the context of urban development in China. By analyzing both firsthand interview data and secondary statistical and policy reports during the period between 2009 to 2019, we contend that the emergence of smart cities in China has evolved from a disorderly process to a more standardized one. During this process, cities made efforts to use digital technology — such as 5G, cloud computing, and the Internet of Things — in social governance, infrastructure, and industrial development. However, such rapid development also spawned a series of emerging legal issues, which had a huge impact on China’s legal system. The article seeks to holistically examine the discourse surrounding the concept of a “smart city” and its practical implementation by drawing attention to its promises as well as criticisms. The article also touches upon the challenges — such as “information islands” in construction, technology, and management — that confront the emerging smart cities, and emphasizes China’s need to further improve laws and regulations, build an integrated legal system, explore new regulation methods, shape a highly autonomous and refined governance order, and provide legal protection for the development of smart cities. The paper concludes by mentioning possible areas for further research to find a developmental path for “smart cities” that can realize resource integration and sharing.

Success Factors of Rural Entrepreneurs in Malaysia: The Proposed Model

Entrepreneurial activities, especially among rural entrepreneurs has become one of the contributing factors to economic development. Various studies and literature had discussed the factors influencing toward entrepreneurship success which will affect the growth and sustainability of business performance. As the Malaysian economy is affected by covid-19, people can no longer rely on job opportunities. Engaging in entrepreneurial activities is the best way to help improve the economy whether for individuals, families, local communities, or even the country. From that, this study aims to propose a model based on the combination of entrepreneur’s characteristics, managerial skills, and external environment factors toward entrepreneurship success in social entrepreneurship among rural entrepreneurs. The outcome of this research will contribute to the development of rural entrepreneurs as well as help them to improve their business performance. Hence, the government transformation program related to entrepreneurship also can be achieved successfully through fulfilling the national key results areas that relate to entrepreneurship nation.