Role Of Government Research Articles

How does fiscal policy affect the green low-carbon transition from the perspective of the evolutionary game?

The implementation of effective fiscal policy is an inevitable choice to help green low-carbon transition and strengthen the construction of ecological civilization. This paper constructs a dynamic model of the tripartite evolutionary game among the central government, the local government and the high pollution and high carbon emission (Double-high) enterprises. Accordingly, we examine the impact of the central government's regulatory mechanism and local government's implementation intensity on green and low-carbon transition. Taking Comprehensive Demonstration Cities of Energy Conservation and Emission Reduction Fiscal Policies as the entry point of the study, a staggered differences-in-differences model is used for empirical evaluation, which reveals the effect of fiscal policy on green and low-carbon transition. The theoretical modeling shows that the strategies of Double-high enterprises are affected by the interaction between the central government and local governments, and there is diversity in the strategy stability and equilibrium state of each subject. Under the premise that the central government pays attention to the motives of enterprises and local governments, the fiscal subsidies, tax incentives and penalties of local governments, as well as the supervision, reward and punishment mechanisms and transfer payments of the central government, directly shape the impact of fiscal policy on green and low-carbon transition. The empirical results show that effective fiscal policy can promote green low-carbon transition, in which fiscal decentralization has a moderating role. Finally, the paper emphasizes the importance of the leading role of the central government and the implementation capacity of local governments, as well as the key role of internal changes within firms in addressing the relationship between emissions reduction and development.

Natural resources, economic complexity and growth nexus: Role of digital governance in addressing the resource curse

The nexus between natural resources and economic growth can be significantly influenced by digital governance. Effective digital governance enhances transparency and efficiency in managing natural resources, reducing the risks of mismanagement and corruption. This can lead to more sustainable economic growth and support economic diversification. Understanding these dynamics is essential for policymakers and researchers aiming for inclusive growth in resource-dependent economies. Therefore, this study explores the relationship between natural resources, economic complexity and economic growth of BRICS countries from 2003 to 2022. It also explores the moderating role of digital governance in realizing the relationship between resources and growth. The research utilizes the Method of Moments Quantile Regression, which accounts for non-linearity and addresses concerns related to slope heterogeneity. The findings reveal that natural resource rents adversely affect economic growth, with a significantly negative impact at the lowest quantiles, while digital governance fosters economic growth at the middle to highest quantiles. The moderating effects of natural resources and digital governance suggest that digital governance helps break the cycle of the resource curse. Countries can enhance the marginal contribution of resources towards growth by increasing the digitalization of their systems and processes. Additionally, economic complexity contributes to higher economic growth, with its impact gradually increasing from lower to upper quantiles. Policymakers should consider digital governance as an effective tool for sustainable development.

Analyzing the effect of public private partnership mode on sewage treatment in China

The public–private partnership (PPP) mode is one of the main ways to promote environmental governance through marketization in the sewage treatment industry. This mode is crucial for environmental protection and livelihood improvement. In order to investigate the impact of PPP mode on sewage treatment, the influence of financial development and the government–business relationship on the effectiveness of sewage treatment under PPP mode, and the role of government in this context, an empirical model is established. To achieve this, data from 284 prefecture-level and above cities in China from 2009 to 2017 has been selected as research samples. The total amount of regional sewage treatment PPP projects is used as the proxy variable for participation in the PPP mode. The findings reveal that the PPP mode of sewage treatment effectively reduces the intensity and amount of sewage discharge. Moreover, the results indicate that a higher level of financial development and a more perfect financial system are associated with better sewage treatment effects under the PPP mode. Similarly, a more harmonious government–business relationship and a higher health index of this relationship correspond to improved sewage treatment effects under the PPP mode. The government should actively enhance government transparency, formulate appropriate corporate taxes and fees, clarify the responsibilities and obligations of the government and enterprises, and optimize the business environment in order to optimize the sewage treatment effect of the PPP mode.

Risk and reward: unraveling the link between credit risk, governance and financial performance in banking industry

Purpose This study aims to investigate the moderating role of corporate governance (CG) on the relationship between credit risk (CRs) and financial performance (FP) of banks listed in the Palestine Securities’ Exchange (PEX) and Amman Securities’ Exchange (ASE). Design/methodology/approach This study used a hypothesis-testing research design to collect data from the annual reports of 21 banks listed on (PEX) and (ASE). Secondary data, annual reports and disclosures were used between from 2009 to 2019. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used, along with correlation analysis to evaluate linear relationships between variables. Data was collected based on panel data, the VIF was used to test multicollinearity and binary logistic regression was used to develop the research model. Findings The regression results showed the association between CR and firm performance depends on the measurement of each factor applied. The results showed mixed results between loans to total assets (LTA) and nonperforming loans to total loans (NPLs) with FP. LTA has a significant and positive effect on TOBINSQ and return on equity (ROE), but an insignificant and positive effect on return on assets (ROA). On the other hand, NPLs have a significant and negative effect on ROA, whereas NPLs have a weak and positive effect on TOBINSQ. However, there is an insignificant and positive effect of NPLs on ROE. Moreover, the results demonstrated that CG moderated the relationship between CRs and FP of banks. The practical contribution of this paper, for bank policymakers and authorities, the study’s implications are noteworthy. Understanding the varied impacts of different CR measures on FP can help regulators and policymakers design more tailored and effective risk management frameworks for banks. Research limitations/implications This study had limitations that future research might be able to address. First, the small size of the sample used in the study included 21 banks listed on the PEX and ASE. Likewise, the ASE and PEX are considered developing stock exchanges, so the results of this study may differ from those of other stock exchanges. Second, only CRs were considered in this study when examining the association between the profitability of Palestinian banks and ASE. Other studies can be undertaken on other nonfinancial risks, such as operational risk, to measure the differences between them and examine their effects on the profitability of Palestinian and Jordanian banks. Other studies might be performed to compare CRs and its impact on profitability in Palestinian and Jordanian banks with those in other Western and Eastern banks. Furthermore, in addition to TOBINSQ, ROA and ROE, researchers can use other financial indicators to measure profitability. This will contribute to substantiating the present study’s findings. Originality/value Although several studies have examined the relationship between CRs and FP in developed and developing countries, the results have been mixed. However, this study is one of the few studies that examined the moderating role of CG in association with CRs and FP, especially on Palestinian and Jordanian contexts. Finally, the findings offer policymakers and practitioners of Palestinian and Jordanian contexts.

THE ROLE OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT IN IMPROVING REGIONAL INNOVATION CAPABILITY: A CRITICAL LITERATURE REVIEW IN THE CONTEXT OF THE ASIAN REGION

This literature review explores the role of local governments in enhancing local innovation capabilities in the context of Asian regions, and specifically identifies the challenges local governments face in this endeavor, as well as solutions to overcome these challenges. Using a systematic literature review approach, this study critiques selected articles that are highly dominated by studies in China in addition to Taiwan and South Korea. Over the past decade, studies on this topic have continued to emerge and be published in high quality publication sources. The results of the critical review of the selected articles show that the main role and challenge of local government in enhancing local innovation capability is highly dependent on the ability to manage various innovation resources. To overcome these challenges, local governments are encouraged to promote cooperation and collaboration with key stakeholders in the regional innovation system, namely universities and industry. This paper contributes to the growing literature on regional innovation policy and motivates the practice of place-based innovation policy in the context of Asian regions. Future research directions are encouraged to focus on a broader range of Asian regions or on specific innovation contexts that reflect the characteristics of Asian regions.

Circular Economic System Under Political Economy Through Institutional Participation and Good Governance: In Search of Attainment of Dynamics of Macroeconomic Stability

The political economy plays an important role in good governance with institutionalisation and environmental scanning. This can assist in alleviating social injustice and reducing income inequality in an emerging economy, alongside an expanded formal sector and equitable growth. Macroeconomic stability can lead to favourable outcomes for the overall socio-economic landscape of a country, depending upon the effectiveness of a circular economy. Implementation of SDG-10 is vital for the social and financial inclusion of the people. This study examines whether the circular economy can contribute to achieving a substantial, planned and participatory democracy, thereby advancing institutional participation through good governance to attain macroeconomic stability. We found that contributory and participatory governance arrangements are essential for pro-people government and can be regarded as a criterion for effective participation. This can be facilitated through the circular economy to achieve macroeconomic stability dynamics in an emerging economy like Bangladesh.

Public attitudes towards government’s role in unemployment provision in three East Asian countries

ABSTRACT Public support for unemployment provision is essential to provide political legitimacy for welfare policy arrangements and yet it is understudied in East Asian welfare states. In contrast with the proposed unfavourable attitudes towards welfare among East Asian countries from the developmental/productivist perspectives, the study suggests socio-demographic and ideological differences in public attitudes towards the role of government in unemployment provision within and across Japan, (South) Korea, and Taiwan, which differ in welfare production regime and extent of labour market dualization. Data from the 2016 Role of Government V survey of the International Social Survey Programme (ISSP) was analysed. Findings revealed lower levels of public support for unemployment provision in large firm-oriented welfare production regimes like Japan and Korea, though in which labour market outsiders such as women, younger people, and unemployed workers were more supportive than their counterparts. Despite cross-national attitudinal differences, higher levels of support were consistently found in the lowest-income groups across three East Asian countries. The study provides new evidence of diverse patterns of welfare attitudes regarding unemployment provision in the East Asian welfare regimes. It also presents the need of (un)employment protection among labour market outsiders and low-income groups within these countries.

Index Insurance for Forage, Pasture, and Rangeland: A Review of Developed (USA and Canada) and Developing (Kenya and Ethiopia) Countries

Index insurance for forage, pasture, and rangeland has gained ground in policy and academic circles. Stakeholders promote it as an innovative risk management tool for enhancing resilience to drought-induced perils and providing a way for consumption smoothing to livestock producers in drought vulnerable ecosystems. Index insurance, which avoids market failures such as moral hazard, adverse selection, and transactional cost, has been piloted and implemented all over the world. To support future development and research on index-based insurance in livestock systems, operational index insurance for forage, pasture, and rangeland systems in developed (USA and Canada) and developing (Kenya and Ethiopia) countries are reviewed and compared. This paper finds some similar characteristics (huge subsidy payments—ranging from 50 to 100 percent, significant government role, low adoption, insufficient payouts, data challenges, etc.), of this product between the two regions. A major difference between the PRF and NDVI is the number of choices available to users of rainfall index insurance who face close to 3000 choice options, while NDVI users have less than 5 choice options available for them. Based on these insights, we highlight opportunities where the two regions can benchmark and improve upon their respective index insurance schemes—index-based livestock insurance (IBLI) in developing and rainfall index insurance for forage in developed regions.

Revealing the injustice and factors that affect the resilience responses of residents in the full period of heat waves

Due to the influence of global warming and the urban heat island effect, heat wave resilience is particularly important for residents. In this study, we constructed a full-period evaluation system for heat wave resilience comprising three phases of preparation, resistance, and recovery from the social level in order to assess the phenomenon of heat injustice in heat waves and provide feasible heat action strategies. The results obtained by clustering, variance, and correlation analyses of the data showed the following. (1) Inequality was found in the resilience of residents with different social attributes in each phase of the heat waves. (2) The social attributes of vulnerable groups were heterogeneous in various phases of heat waves. (3) Environmental perception factors that affected resilience were heterogeneous in different phases of heat waves. Therefore, policies should focus on vulnerable groups in each phase of heat waves, and the roles of governments, neighborhoods, and individuals in heat action programs need to be clarified. The results obtained in this study provide useful evidence for developing long-term heat management and heat injustice mitigation strategies.

What makes co-production work in sustainable neighborhood rehabilitation in China? A stakeholder structure perspective

Globally, co-production serves as a crucial approach to promote sustainable neighborhood rehabilitation. However, in China, where the governance system is characterized by strong state discourse power and a lack of public participation tradition, neighborhood rehabilitation encounters significant challenges, leading to project postponements or even failures due to unsuccessful co-production activities. To reveal the hidden problems, this paper aims to gain an in-depth understanding of the stakeholders' co-production roles and their participation structure in the co-produced sustainable neighborhood rehabilitation process from multiple dimensions. Using the case in Chongqing, the data was collected through questionnaire surveys and in-depth interviews. Social network analysis was utilized as the research method, and one-mode and two-mode networks were established to depict six relationship types with using diverse network indicators. This study revealed the high complexity of stakeholder structure, the awkward role of grass-rooted government, the dilemma of public voices and perceptions, uneven involvement in the co-production process, and the dynamic path of co-production formation. Drawing upon co-production theory, this paper elucidates the intricate mechanism of co-produced neighborhood rehabilitation in China. It offers valuable implications for policymakers and urban planners for project promotion, and contributes empirical insights to research in similar governance systems across the global context.

The Evolving Role of the United Nations Secretary General: A Comprehensive Appraisal

The United Nations Secretary-General embodies the aspirations and principles of the international community, serving as a symbol of global unity and advocate for the world's most vulnerable populations. Rooted in the UN Charter, the Secretary-General assumes multifaceted responsibilities spanning administrative, diplomatic, and peacemaking domains. This article provides a historical overview of the Secretary-General's evolution since the inception of the United Nations, delineating the tenure and contributions of each incumbent. Central to the analysis are the core functions of the Secretary-General, including administrative oversight, human resources management, peacekeeping operations, and mediation efforts. Notably, the Secretary-General's authority to address threats to international peace underscores the pivotal role in global security governance. Moreover, the Secretary-General serves as a liaison between the UN organs, world leaders, and member states, facilitating dialogue and consensus-building. Through meticulous examination, this paper elucidates the indispensable role of the Secretary-General in advancing the UN's mission of fostering peace, security, and sustainable development worldwide. Ultimately, it underscores the imperative of collective cooperation among member states to surmount the multifaceted challenges confronting the international community. Keywords: United Nations, Secretary-General, Appraisal of the United Nations, Appraisal of the Secretary-General, and Secretary-General of the United Nations.

Menggali Potensi Objek Wisata Riam Sengiang Desa Kempangai Kecamatan Ella Hilir Kabupaten Melawi

This research aims to explore the potential of the Riam Sengiang tourist attraction in Kempangai Village, Ella Hilir District, Melawi Regency. Melawi Regency is also known as an area rich in natural beauty and has a variety of amazing tourism potential. The tourism sector is a sector that can be managed by local governments to improve the regional economy and local communities. This research uses a qualitative method with a descriptive approach. Data was collected through reviews of journals, books, news, statutory regulations and other documents. SWOT analysis is used to identify strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats related to Riam Sengiang's potential as a tourist attraction. The research results show that Riam Sengiang has strengths, especially in its natural beauty, tourism product development opportunities, and partnership opportunities with other parties. However, there are also weaknesses that hinder the development of Riam Sengiang's potential as a tourist attraction, namely limited road access and facilities. Apart from that, there is also a threat faced, namely sustainable environmental destruction. Therefore, it is necessary to improve infrastructure, develop facilities and maintain the environment to optimize the tourism potential of Riam Sengiang. This research provides an understanding of the important role of government in managing tourist attractions to improve the welfare of local communities.

Intelligence and its effects on environmental decline: A worldwide analysis

The research investigates the relationship between intelligence quotient (IQ) and environmental degradation, aiming to understand how cognitive abilities influence environmental outcomes across different nations and time periods. The objective is to examine the impact of intelligence quotient (IQ) on environmental indicators such as carbon emissions, ecological demand, and the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC), seeking insights to inform environmental policy and stewardship. The study utilizes statistical techniques including Ordinary Least Squares (OLS), Two Stage Least Squares (2SLS), and Iteratively Weighted Least Squares (IWLS) to analyze data from 147 nations over the years 2000–2017. These methods are applied to explore the relationship between IQ and environmental metrics while considering other relevant variables. The findings reveal unexpected positive associations between human intelligence quotient and carbon emissions, as well as ecological demand, challenging conventional notions of "delay discounting." Additionally, variations in the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis are identified across different pollutants, highlighting the roles of governance and international commitments in mitigating emissions. The study concludes by advocating for the adoption of a "delay discounting culture" to address environmental challenges effectively. It underscores the complex interactions between intelligence, governance, and population dynamics in shaping environmental outcomes, emphasizing the need for targeted policies to achieve sustainability objectives.

Local media sentiment towards pollution and its effect on corporate green innovation

This study examines the effect of local media sentiment on corporate green innovation based on a textual analysis of China's provincial official party newspapers from 2007 to 2018. The results show that the negative sentiment in official media positively influences firms' green innovation, measured by the number of green patents and green patent citations. This positive effect is more pronounced when firms have weaker internal or external governance structures, when the regional punitive measures are less stringent, or when the incentive measures are more complete, suggesting that official media plays a governance role in corporate green innovation. Further analysis shows that the negative sentiment from market-oriented media impedes green innovation and does not affect the relationship between official media sentiment and green innovation. Taken together, our findings reveal the real effects of local media negative sentiment on technological progress and pollution controls through its pressure on firms to engage in green innovation.

Analysis of the Impact of Equity Incentives on Corporate Performance

Equity incentive is a long-term incentive mechanism implemented by enterprises to motivate and retain core talents, and is one of the most commonly used methods to motivate employees. Equity incentives have been developed from the beginning of the twentieth century to the present day to form a relatively complete and mature system, and their dynamic evolution and key role in corporate governance (employee loyalty), executive compensation, and investor decision-making make them of far-reaching research significance. Also, the equity incentives of enterprises play a crucial role in their development. The purpose of this paper is to comprehensively summarize and analyze the development and classification of these incentives. In addition, this paper focuses on the equity incentive policies of Tesla and Xiaomi and explores how and why incentivizing two target groups, namely executives and employees, affects corporate performance, as well as making a side-by-side comparison, and gives some suggestions for future equity incentives.

Natural disasters and agricultural trade in China: analyzing the role of transportation, government and diplomacy

PurposeNatural disasters profoundly influence agricultural trade sustainability. This study investigates the effects of natural disasters on agricultural production imports in China within 2002 and 2018. This exploration estimates the mediating role of transportation infrastructure and agriculture value-added and the moderating role of government effectiveness and diplomatic relations.Design/methodology/approachThis investigation uses Probit, Logit, Cloglog and Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) models.FindingsThe results confirm the mediating role of transportation infrastructure and agriculture value-added and the moderating role of government effectiveness and diplomatic relations in China. According to the findings, natural disasters in trading partners heighten the risk to the agricultural imports. This risk raises, if disasters damage overall agricultural yield or transportation infrastructure. Moreover, governments’ effective response or diplomatic ties with China mitigate the risk. Finally, the effect of disasters varies by the developmental status of the country involved, with events in developed nations posing a greater risk to China’s imports than those in developing nations.Originality/valueChina should devise an early warning system to protect its agricultural imports by using advanced technologies such as data analytics, remote sensing and artificial intelligence. In addition, it can leverage this system by improving its collaboration with trading partners, involvement in international forums and agreement for mutual support in crisis.

Analisis Framing Pemberitaan Tragedi Kanjuruhan Malang pada Media Online Detik.com dan Kompas.com

This study aims to analyze the media framing of Detik.com and Kompas.com regarding the Kanjuruhan football riot tragedy in Malang at the end of 2022, with a focus on identifying the framing and media ideologies reflected in online reporting. The research employs the approach of the theory of social reality construction, with data collection through observation, documentation, and a literature review of 20 news articles covering the period from October 2 to October 14, 2022. The research findings reveal that Detik.com emphasizes framing news around the victims, attempting to convey empathy for them, and its reporting tends to be brief and less in-depth. On the other hand, Kompas.com is more oriented toward the development of events and problem resolution, with more informative and comprehensive reporting. The media ideology of Detik.com is more pronounced in its focus on the perspectives of the victims and the quantity of reporting, whereas Kompas.com emphasizes the development of issues and the government's role in resolving the case, with reporting focused on facts and data.

Carbon neutrality in Malaysia and Kuala Lumpur: insights from stakeholder-driven integrated assessment modeling

Introduction: Several cities in Malaysia have established plans to reduce their CO2 emissions, in addition to Malaysia submitting a Nationally Determined Contribution to reduce its carbon intensity (against GDP) by 45% in 2030 compared to 2005. Meeting these emissions reduction goals will require a joint effort between governments, industries, and corporations at different scales and across sectors.Methods: In collaboration with national and sub-national stakeholders, we developed and used a global integrated assessment model to explore emissions mitigation pathways in Malaysia and Kuala Lumpur. Guided by current climate action plans, we created a suite of scenarios to reflect uncertainties in policy ambition, level of adoption, and implementation for reaching carbon neutrality. Through iterative engagement with all parties, we refined the scenarios and focus of the analysis to best meet the stakeholders’ needs.Results: We found that Malaysia can reduce its carbon intensity and reach carbon neutrality by 2050, and that action in Kuala Lumpur can play a significant role. Decarbonization of the power sector paired with extensive electrification, energy efficiency improvements in buildings, transportation, and industry, and the use of advanced technologies such as hydrogen and carbon capture and storage will be major drivers to mitigate emissions, with carbon dioxide removal strategies being key to eliminate residual emissions.Discussion: Our results suggest a hopeful future for Malaysia’s ability to meet its climate goals, recognizing that there may be technological, social, and financial challenges along the way. This study highlights the participatory process in which stakeholders contributed to the development of the model and guided the analysis, as well as insights into Malaysia’s decarbonization potential and the role of multilevel governance.

The Survival Of British Monarchy: Transition From Absolute Monarchy To Constitutional Monarchy

With the death of Queen Elizabeth II, the British monarchy has come under scrutiny, sparking debates about its role in the British government, the future of the Royal family, and the potential transition to a republican system. This article aims to contribute to these discussions by examining the position of the constitutional monarchy in the United Kingdom and making a case for its continued existence in the near future.
 
 To accomplish this, the paper will delve into the unique transition from absolute monarchy to constitutional monarchy in the UK, illustrating how today's British monarchy has evolved within the bounds of law and democracy. Subsequently, the article will explore the concept of the British Constitutional Monarchy during its early stages, providing a foundation for understanding its contemporary meaning and significance and how it differs from the past. Finally, the article will assess the current position and role of the British monarch, considering their functions, powers, impartiality, and accountability. By doing so, the article aims to demonstrate that the constitutional monarchy within the British constitution poses no significant threat to the country; instead, it offers several benefits, particularly its unifying role.

Numerical Analysis on Diffusion Mechanism of Prefabricated Technology Under Government Intervention Based on Evolutionary Game

The diffusion of prefabricated construction technology is an important guarantee for industrialization of construction industry. To investigate the roles of government, developers and contractors in the diffusion of prefabricated construction technology, a three-way evolutionary game model of prefabricated construction technology diffusion is introduced, and the influence of external factors related to game players on the diffusion of prefabricated construction technology is analyzed based on the evolutionary game model. With the numerical simulations conducted by system dynamics software of Vensim, the evolutionary trends under different initial conditions are dynamically displayed, and the results demonstrate that reducing the cost of diffusion assembly construction technology, is conducive to improving the enthusiasm of developers and contractors to share the prefabricated construction technology. Besides, appropriately increasing government incentives is conducive to promote the diffusion of prefabricated construction technology