Responsibility Of Government Research Articles

A Future of Governance in the Digital Era

In this paper, I provide an overview of digital government, covering its characteristics, scope, objectives, current status, and future potential. I believe digital government involves leveraging Information and Communication Technologies (ICT), particularly the internet, to transform the interaction between government and society positively. I briefly introduce two concurrent reform paradigms: the participatory and managerial approaches, striving to enhance the government's responsiveness, accessibility, transparency, responsibility, participation, shift, development, efficiency, and effectiveness. Additionally, I present digital government models that elucidate its development trends. I also outline the paper's target audience, structure, and educational objectives. Moreover, I introduce 'A Future of Governance in the Digital Era' as a novel paradigm in public administration studies, emphasizing the evolving role of digital technologies in public governance. I underscore the challenges posed to public administration and society by emerging digital technologies like big data, artificial intelligence, and blockchain. By contrasting the evolving functions of digital technologies in government, public value creation, human resources, and governance, I argue that the theoretical and practical implications of 'A Future of Governance in the Digital Era' diverge from those of Dunleavy et al.'s 'Digital Era Governance'.

Governing in the face of a global crisis: When do voters punish and reward incumbent governments?

The recent COVID-19 pandemic offers a rare opportunity to understand how citizens attribute responsibility for governments' responses to unanticipated negative-and in this case, systemic-exogenous shocks. Classical accounts of responsibility are complicated when crises are pervasive, involve multiple valence dimensions, and where individuals can make relative assessments of performance. We fielded a conjoint experiment in 16 countries with 22,147 respondents. In this experiment, subjects made re-election decisions regarding 178,184 randomly assigned incumbent profiles. We find that incumbents' performance along both health and economic dimensions drives these hypothetical reelection decisions. Using machine learning techniques, we find only muted heterogeneity in the magnitude and distribution of these treatment effects. This result suggests that these widely reported performance signals have consistent political effects across countries. In a complementary analysis, we also find that subjects' intentions to vote for incumbent governments are positively correlated with subjective and relative evaluations of the government's pandemic performance, along both health and economic dimensions. These results provide consistent evidence that evaluations of pandemic performance matter politically.

State or family? Navigating the changing public attitudes towards eldercare responsibilities in China

Public attitudes towards welfare have long been central to welfare state theory. This study examines the evolving public perceptions regarding the allocation of eldercare responsibilities between the state and family in China. Using data from the Chinese General Social Survey spanning 2010–2021, we analyze age, period, and birth cohort effects on public attitudes towards eldercare. Our findings indicate that as individuals age, there is a growing preference for government responsibility in eldercare, highlighting the role of self-interest in shaping welfare attitudes. Notably, attitudinal shifts across birth cohorts deviate from the modernization hypothesis, revealing a tendency among those born in the 1970s and 1980s to view eldercare as a family obligation. Over the last decade, public attitudes towards eldercare have oscillated from an initial embrace of modern perspectives to a return to traditional views, potentially due to demographic pressures on the pension system. This study not only fills empirical gaps in the field but also carries significant policy implications for China’s evolving eldercare landscape.

Evidence from China’s gender equality legislation: is responsive law reform always feasible?

ABSTRACT This article examines whether responsive law reforms can promote gender equality in authoritarian regimes, focusing on the challenges faced in advancing gender equality. Existing gender equality laws primarily strengthen women’s rights through private law but fail to clearly define governmental responsibilities. The authorities seek to enhance regulatory legitimacy through laws while relying on official cultural norms to support cultural legitimacy. However, the lack of coherence between regulatory and cultural legitimacy results in selective adherence to cultural norms rather than legal ones, hindering the implementation of gender equality. Therefore, responsive law reforms can improve women’s rights and interests in the private law sphere, but such reforms also tend to privatize public issues and require individuals to solve public problems through private gaming. The article further demonstrates that gender equality should aim at substantive equality, which requires the State to clarify governmental responsibilities and leverage cultural legitimacy to uphold this principle. Otherwise, it may result in the marginalization of vulnerable groups and the erosion of social trust, ultimately undermining public confidence in legitimacy. The article contributes by exploring the selective logic of authoritarianism in responding to public demands and its long-term effects, offering a complementary perspective on rule of law under authoritarian regimes.

Populists in Opposition: A Neglected Threat to Liberal Democracy?

When the impact of populism on liberal democracy is examined, the focus often is on populists in power. After all, when in office, populists have the possibility to change legislation, thereby negatively affecting individual freedoms and rights, and to transform the political system, often toward democratic decline and illiberalism (Pappas 2019; Ruth-Lovell and Grahn 2023).1 Far less attention has been devoted to populist parties in opposition, even though this is the position in which populists find themselves most frequently.2 Prominent examples of Western European populist parties with a decades-long position in opposition include the Rassemblement National in France and the Vlaams Belang in Belgium on the right and Die Linke in Germany and the Socialistische Partij in the Netherlands on the left. Outside of Western Europe, populist parties often have less longevity and more frequently assume office. However, many of these parties spend years in opposition before taking on government responsibility and/or have returned to the opposition benches afterwards (e.g., Partido Justicialista in Argentina and Prawo i Sprawiedliwość in Poland).

Has the Welfare State failed?

This essay aims to examine whether the Welfare State project has failed and how this apparent failure is intrinsically connected to the rise of citizen discontent. By tracing the historical roots of the Rechtsstaat and its development into the Welfare State, we highlight how the increasing gap between grand promises and their limited fulfillment has fueled widespread discontent. The much-acclaimed Welfare State seems to have transformed itself into a Malaise State, marked by a dual institutional failure: the inability to universalize its promises and the lack of political responses to the social discontent caused by that first incapacity. In this context, what was once considered a collective social desire has become (hyper)individualized within a “turboglobalized” world, inverting the traditional relation in which public improvement had the capacity to positively impact private life. Despite this, the responsibility of governments remains justified, as the transfer of power through democratic elections inherently carries the condition of accountability. However, democracy by itself seems unable to resolve these crises, especially when it comes to the well know populisms that carry out the so-called policies of disconcertment. Traditional institutional structures and power divisions also fall short, as the crisis of liberal democracy transcends national borders, becoming a shared Western dilemma. This scenario presents a paradox: while liberal democracy struggles with its self-created problems, abandoning its core values risks descent into tyranny. How, then, can we bridge the democracy gap while remaining democratic? We identify that a forward-thinking State philosophy, rooted in institutional (re)imagination and a reconstruction of the political and conceptual foundations of power, offers a viable pathway for addressing these impasses and envisioning effective solutions.

DISEASE PREVENTION AND TREATMENT THROUGH PUBLIC HEALTH INTERVENTION PROGRAM: FOCUS ON ROTARY CLUBS IN RURAL COMMUNITIES OF OGUN STATE, NIGERIA

The severity and magnitude of deadly diseases around the world have shown that the management and delivery of health services to the vulnerable populace can no longer be the sole responsibility of governments but requires the support of non-governmental organizations. History have recognized that international non-governmental organizations like Rotary International, which focuses on combating diseases, such as malaria, HIV/AIDS, Alzheimer’s, multiple sclerosis, diabetes and polio, have implemented several health intervention programs aimed at preventing and treating communicable and non-communicable diseases in order to improve health and well-being of rural dwellers. Such measures have also covered a wide range of social interventions that are designed to improve living conditions in rural communities. However, an examination of the existing studies indicates that the Rotary’s activities in Ogun State, particularly in the area of disease prevention and treatment, have not been properly documented. In view of this, this paper investigated the efforts of Rotary clubs on disease prevention and treatment through public health intervention program in rural communities of Ogun State using historical research design. It is found that Rotary clubs in Ogun State have undertaken health education or awareness programs, facilitated blood transfusion, testing, screening and treatment, donated and renovated health facilities, and provided training, counselling and immunization services. It also identified the challenges that the organization faced during the implementation of these programs. The paper concludes that Rotary clubs should intensify efforts to strengthen their health intervention programs to cover the underserved rural areas in Ogun State.

From “Isomorphic Responsibility” to Governmental Responsibility System: Explaining Grassroots Overburden and Exploring Solutions

From “Isomorphic Responsibility” to Governmental Responsibility System: Explaining Grassroots Overburden and Exploring Solutions

Central Government Responsibility in Mitigating the Impact of Cieunteung Retention Pond Development in Bandung Regency: A Causative Analysis

The Cieunteung Retention Pond was constructed in 2015 and completed in 2018 by the central government through BBWS Citarum. Despite this, flooding in Dayeuhkolot and its surrounding areas in Bandung Regency has continued to occur sporadically between 2020 and 2021. This study aims to analyze and describe the government's responsibility, particularly BBWS Citarum, based on J. Spiro's theory of Responsibility. In this theory, Spiro outlines three aspects that influence responsibility, with this research focusing on discussing the issues within the aspect of responsibility as cause. The research uses a qualitative method with data presented descriptively. The findings indicate that BBWS Citarum has successfully met the construction targets but has yet to address new problems that have arisen post-construction due to several factors

Public Library Interior Design with Biophilic Concept in Sleman Regency

The Sleman Regency Library is an educational facility established by the government to provide educational services and fulfill the government's responsibility to enlighten the nation. It also reflects the vision and mission of Sleman Regency, articulated through the Smart City concept, which aims to manage resources effectively and efficiently, maximize public services, and support sustainable development. However, the library in Sleman still requires design improvements, as it currently has a rigid design, with a need for better space planning, circulation, and additional facilities to meet visitor needs and enhance their comfort. The interior design is based on David K. Ballast’s 1992 design method. This public library design incorporates the Biophilic concept, which aims to enhance human well-being both physically and mentally while fostering a positive connection between people and nature. The goal of this interior design is to improve the quality of the library as an educational space, make it appealing to the community, and optimize space planning and facilities to better meet public needs.

CRIMINAL LAW POLICY IN THE JUVENILE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM FOR RECIDIVIST OFFENDERS IN INDONESIA

Indonesia is a nation that regards human rights as a core principle. Ensuring the protection of human rights is a crucial responsibility of the Indonesian government, including extending this protection to juvenile offenders. Despite having a structured legal framework within the juvenile justice system, issues persist, particularly concerning juvenile recidivism in Batam City. Although Batam has been recognized as a Child-Friendly City, the problem of juvenile recidivism remains unresolved. This study aims to evaluate the fulfillment of criminal law policies for juvenile recidivists and the challenges they face within the legal system. The method employed is empirical legal research analyzing juvenile recidivism data from the Batam District Court for 2021–2023. The legal theories used to analyze this study include Lawrence M. Friedman’s Legal System Theory and the Dignified Justice Theory. The findings indicate that current criminal law policies regarding juvenile recidivism in Batam City are not fully effective, with challenges arising from legal loopholes and limitations in diversion programs for repeat offenders. Keywords: Juvenile criminal justice, Recidivism, Legal Policy

Framing Analysis of Road Damage News in Bengkulu Province on Media TribunBengkulu.com (Period October 2023-March 2024

The media, in constructing the reality of problems in the news, certainly has their own point of view. Media content is not a reflection of the reality of what is actually happening, but has been formed by the media itself with the background of the ideology and interests of the media concerned. This research aims to analyze how infrastructure damage in mass media news with an emphasis on aspects of public interest. Through the framing analysis approach, this research tries to examine the way the mass media frames the issue of road damage, including the causal factors, the impact felt by the community, and the proposed solutions. The research method used is a qualitative method to analyze news articles related to road damage in Bengkulu Province from the media source TribunBengkulu.com. Several news articles were analyzed to identify the framing patterns used by the media. The results showed that TribunBengkulu.com tends to highlight road damage in Bengkulu Province as a significant problem for people's daily lives, with an emphasis on the importance of immediate repairs and the responsibility of the local government. The implications of these findings are the need for framing that takes into account the interests of the public in presenting accurate and relevant information about road damage, as well as the importance of an honest and fair role of the media in building awareness and support.

Do austerity cuts spare police budgets? Welfare‐to‐carceral realignment during fiscal crises

AbstractDid governments shift funding from their social welfare functions to their criminal justice functions after the 1980s? Studies investigating this possible “punitive turn” have been inconclusive and have been conducted at the state or national scale. Cities, however, are increasingly important as government responsibility devolves downward and social movements target municipal police budgets. This study contributes to ongoing academic and political debates about welfare‐state retrenchment and police department funding using data on 390 U.S. cities between 1990 and 2019. In contrast to conventional explanations for budgetary restructuring that foreground across‐the‐board cuts or macroeconomic causes, this study proposes a fiscal crisis model that emphasizes localized budget deficits, beliefs about policing's primacy, and police agencies’ political power. Data reveal gradual and considerable municipal budgetary restructuring toward law enforcement between 1990 and 2019, with police funding growing 32% relative to social spending. Fixed‐effects regression models with asymmetric predictors find that when municipal revenues fell by 10%, cities reduced police expenditures by an associated 1% and social service expenditures by 4%, with parks and housing seeing the biggest cuts. During austerity, municipalities cut police shallowly and temporarily while cutting social services deeply and enduringly, accelerating welfare‐to‐carceral realignment.

Elimination of Citizenship Status for Terrorism Convicts in Indonesia

The revocation of citizenship for terrorism convicts is a complex and controversial issue in Indonesia. The philosophical foundation for this action involves considerations of national security, the protection of human rights, and adherence to the principles of the rule of law. The revocation of citizenship for terrorism convicts is based on the interest of national security. The government believes that by stripping them of their citizenship, they lose access to resources and support that can be used to continue terrorist activities. This step is taken to reduce the threat to national security and society. However, the revocation of citizenship also raises questions regarding human rights. Basic rights of individuals, including the right to citizenship, are guaranteed by various human rights instruments adopted by Indonesia, such as the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the Human Rights Law. The government's responsibility in protecting the citizenship rights of terrorism convicts encompasses several aspects. First, the government must ensure that the revocation of citizenship is based on valid and convincing evidence and carried out through a fair and transparent legal process. The government should also ensure that terrorism convicts who lose their citizenship still have access to humane treatment and rights guaranteed by international law. They should not become stateless or be deprived of basic rights necessary for a decent life. Overall, the revocation of citizenship for terrorism convicts in Indonesia involves complex considerations between national security and the protection of human rights. The government has a crucial responsibility to maintain a balance between these aspects, ensuring that actions taken are in accordance with the principles of the rule of law and do not violate fundamental rights.

The Role of the State in Health Law Enforcement in Indonesia: A Constitutional Law Perspective

The role of the state in enforcing health law in Indonesia is a crucial aspect aligned with constitutional provisions, particularly Article 28H paragraph (1) of the 1945 Constitution, which emphasizes the right to health. The state is expected to create a legal system that protects and fulfills the health rights of the community through the formulation of policies, regulations, and oversight of health service delivery. The implementation of Law No. 36 of 2009 on Health underscores the government's responsibility to provide accessible and quality health services. Health law enforcement includes actions against violations, including sanctions for providers that do not comply with standards. In this context, the state must also respond to health emergencies, such as pandemics, with swift and effective measures. Additionally, public participation in health decision-making processes is vital. In the long term, political commitment and adequate resource allocation are necessary to ensure the sustainability of health programs. Through a holistic, human rights-based approach, the state can create an inclusive and quality health system for all members of society.

The Urgency of Integrating Femicide Norms to Achieve Gender Equality in the Sustainable Development Goals

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) prioritize the value of equality, including ensuring justice and gender equality, fulfilling women's rights, and ending violence against women. Many factors cause violence against women that occur today. One factor causing this is the inequality in relationships between genders, where women are in a subordinate position under men. If this problem is not addressed immediately, it will harm women, especially those in vulnerable conditions. The goal of gender equality in the SDGs is to ensure that women gain security and avoid violence. In its development, this gender inequality causes gender-based violence. This problem leads to femicides as the peak of gender-based violence. Femicide is a term for violence against women. There should be a specific norm or regulation on femicides because, in their implementation, acts that are classified as femicides have not been regulated juridically. The implication is that femicides will be the same as other general crimes. This will have consequences for the government's responsibility for femicide victims and the application of sanctions against femicide perpetrators. Therefore, to achieve true equality between women and men, consistent, solutive, and up-to-date efforts are needed to overcome these problems.

The intersection of digital safety and financial literacy: Mitigating financial risks in the digital economy

As the digital economy continues to expand, individuals and businesses alike face an increasing range of financial risks, from cybercrime to online fraud. The intersection of digital safety and financial literacy is essential in addressing these risks and ensuring individuals can navigate the complexities of modern financial systems securely. This paper examines the growing need for financial literacy in the context of digital safety, focusing on how individuals can protect themselves from financial threats in the digital economy. It explores the role of digital security measures, such as encryption, secure payment systems, and multi-factor authentication, in safeguarding financial transactions and personal data. Simultaneously, it emphasizes the importance of financial education in equipping individuals with the knowledge and skills to recognize and mitigate online financial risks, such as phishing scams, identity theft, and fraudulent investment schemes. By analysing the current state of digital financial literacy, this paper highlights the gaps in knowledge that leave individuals vulnerable to financial exploitation in the digital space. It also discusses best practices for integrating digital safety education into financial literacy programs, both at the individual and policy levels. Furthermore, the paper outlines the responsibilities of financial institutions, tech companies, and governments in promoting digital safety and financial literacy. Through a multidisciplinary approach, the paper argues that fostering a comprehensive understanding of both digital security and financial management is crucial for mitigating financial risks and enhancing economic resilience in the digital economy.

Legal Analysis of Victim Negligence at Railway Crossings : a Case Study of Train Accident in Karawang and Government Legal Responsibility in Enhancing Public Safety

This study analyzes the legal implications of victim negligence in railway crossing accidents, focusing on a fatal case in Karawang, West Java. Using normative legal research and qualitative analysis, the study examines the incident's chronology, evaluates victim negligence under Law No. 23 of 2007 on Railways, and assesses government responsibilities. Findings reveal that victim negligence stems from low safety awareness and weak enforcement of safety regulations. Despite existing legal frameworks, implementation remains inadequate. The study highlights the need for stricter law enforcement, public education, and improved safety infrastructure. It emphasizes the government’s role in proactive accident prevention to enhance railway safety and inform policy recommendations.

Tinjauan Yuridis Pasal 73 Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 11 Tahun 2021 Tentang BUM Desa

This research aims to understand and analyze Article 73 of Government Regulation No. 11 of 2021 on Village-Owned Enterprises (BUM Desa) with a focus on the transformation of Community Revolving Funds (DBM) from the former PNPM MPd into BUM Desa bersama LKD). The research discusses the use of DBM assets from the former PNPM MPd as capital in the formation of BUM Desa bersama LKD, as mandated by Article 73 of Government Regulation No. 11 of 2021 on Village-Owned Enterprises. This regulation is in accordance with the mandate of Law No. 6 of 2023 on the Enactment of Government Regulation in Lieu of Law No. 2 of 2022 on Job Creation as a Law and Law No. 3 of 2024 on the Second Amendment to Law No. 6 of 2014 on Villages. The data collection technique used in this research is documentation with an analytical matrix instrument. This study employs a normative juridical legal research method, as the title indicates a juridical review. The research concludes that the management of DBM from the former PNPM MPd must transform into BUM Desa bersama LKD to provide a legal foundation and certainty for DBM activities, ensure the preservation of communal assets in one sub-district, and utilize DBM assets from the former PNPM MPd as capital in the establishment of BUM Desa bersama LKD. The issuance of Government Regulation No. 11 of 2021 on BUM Desa is seen as the government's responsibility in overseeing the management of DBM from the former PNPM MPd as part of poverty alleviation efforts.

The impact of tax burden on welfare attitudes: Micro evidence from welfare states

The attitudes of the general public with regard to social welfare are of crucial importance in determining the efficacy and stability of a nation’s welfare system. The manner in which taxation is employed as a means of funding mechanism for welfare policies is of great consequence. Nevertheless, existing research on the subject of welfare attitudes has largely neglected the tax perspective, underscoring the need for investigations that bridge this gap and provide a more comprehensive understanding of the intertwined dynamics between taxation and public perception of social benefits. This study investigates the influence of tax burdens on attitudes towards welfare using an ordered probit model applied to data from the 2019 International Social Survey Program (ISSP 2019 Social Inequality V), encompassing 11 welfare states. Our key findings are as follows: (1) Empirical analysis reveals that a moderate tax burden correlates with a reduction in public expectations regarding governmental responsibility for welfare provision. (2) Heterogeneity analysis elucidates a negative association between tax burdens and welfare attitudes across diverse welfare regimes. (3) The mediating effect test suggests that perceptions of social fairness partially mediate the relationship between tax burdens and welfare attitudes. (4) The moderating effect test indicates that government efficacy negatively moderates the impact of tax burden on welfare attitudes. This study offers insightful perspectives for policymakers aiming to design and implement tax systems that align effectively with societal structures.