Government Involvement Research Articles

The influence of sustainable leadership and sustainable performance through frugal innovation in tourist villages in Indonesia

Tourism village is one of the tourist attractions that have the potential to increase development in Indonesia tourism. Tourism village have natural, cultural and historical attractions to catch tourist’s attention. The involvement of local people, government and tourism village manager in managing village resources is needed so the tourism village can be sustainable. This research aims to know how to improve the development of village tourism through frugal innovation, sustainable leadership, and sustainable performance and how they influence and relate with each other to tourism village. This research used PLS-SEM for testing hypotheses and significance between variables amd used snowball sampling as a data collection method in this research. Based on the result of data testing, the research results show there’s positive effect between sustainable leadership and sustainable performance with frugal innovation as mediation variable. Which means that frugal innovation has be a success role of sustainable leadership to achieve sustainable performance. Therefore, the manager of village tourism can plan the village tourism’s future by leading the members in creating value to the village’s resources through frugal innovation and maintaining optimal performance.

Effects of Climate Change on Environmental Health in the Jakarta Metropolitan Area

This research investigates community perceptions of climate change and its implications for environmental health in the Jakarta Metropolitan Area (JMA) through a quantitative analysis of 150 participants. The study assesses awareness levels, attitudes, and adaptive measures, employing a regression analysis to identify factors influencing climate change awareness. Results reveal a generally high level of awareness, with specific concerns about air and water quality, vector-borne diseases, and perceived threats to overall well-being. The community actively engages in adaptive measures, expressing a desire for increased governmental involvement. The regression analysis highlights age, educational background, and socio-economic status as significant predictors of climate change awareness. These findings provide valuable insights for policymakers, emphasizing the importance of targeted educational campaigns, community engagement initiatives, and addressing awareness disparities to enhance climate resilience in urban settings.

Strategi Pemerintah Desa dalam Meningkatkan Partisipasi Masyarakat terhadap Pembangunan Desa: Studi Kasus di Bahal Kabupaten Padang Lawas Utara

In development, community participation is one of the elements of the village development process so that community participation in development needs to be raised in advance by several parties including the village government so that with the involvement of the village government it is likely that the community will feel given the opportunity or opportunity to participate in development. The research objective is to find out the village government's strategy in increasing community participation in village development (Case Study in Bahal, North Padang Lawas Regency). This research uses the research method that the author does in this paper, namely by using qualitative methods. Research result. The level of community participation in Tarowang Village can be seen in the planning, implementation and monitoring stages which are classified as good in terms of community participation in the planning stage, the implementation stage of development and utilization and maintenance. Community participation increases because the awareness to build a village has been instilled from within them to contribute directly.

Aquaculture and Fisheries Science Sustainable Practices in Marine and Freshwater Systems

This article delves into the evolving realm of Aquaculture and Fisheries Science, with a focus on sustainable practices in both marine and freshwater systems. It presents a comprehensive overview of the current state of these industries, including their global impact, economic significance, and the crucial role they play in ensuring food security. The challenges faced by these sectors, particularly in the context of sustainability, are thoroughly examined. These challenges encompass overfishing, environmental degradation, and the effects of climate change on aquatic ecosystems. The article highlights innovative and eco-friendly practices being adopted in aquaculture, such as integrated multi-trophic aquaculture, advancements in breeding, and efficient feed management. In the realm of fisheries, it discusses the implementation of effective management strategies like quota systems and the establishment of marine protected areas. The role of modern technology in enhancing sustainability is also explored, showcasing the potential of AI, satellite monitoring, and advanced tracking systems in improving fish population management and ecosystem conservation. Furthermore, the socio-economic dimensions of sustainable aquaculture and fisheries are analyzed, emphasizing the importance of policy, governance, and community involvement.

Comparative Study of Education Equity Policy in Remote Areas in Indonesia and Malaysia

This research aims to compare the education equity policies in remote areas of Indonesia and Malaysia to identify the differences, similarities, and effectiveness in addressing socioeconomic disparities between urban and remote regions. The study examines policy documents, government reports, and previous research using a qualitative comparative approach. Indonesia employs a regional autonomy approach, while Malaysia adheres to a centralized system in education policy. Both countries have adopted financial assistance programs to increase the participation of students from low-income families in remote areas. Critical challenges in policy implementation include limited facilities and infrastructure, demanding access to transportation, limited human resources, and sociocultural barriers. The study finds that policy successes are evident in increased student participation, improved infrastructure accessibility, provision of teaching staff, and community support. However, budget constraints and human resource limitations remain significant obstacles. The research concludes that effective education equity policies require proactive government involvement, active community participation, and periodic monitoring and evaluation to enhance policy effectiveness.

Examining the effectiveness of the existing safety and crime prevention mechanism in Mopani district municipality, South Africa

Crime prevention has been recognised as one of the key national priorities in South Africa since the establishment of the National Crime Prevention Strategy (NCPS) in 1996. It is viewed to be the responsibility and duty of the South African Police Service (SAPS); however, with a range of crimes, caused by different factors, it is impossible to rely exclusively on the police to prevent crime. Thus, various stakeholders, such as businesses, communities, Non-Government Organisations, civil society, law enforcement and Municipalities, need to take a stand in maintaining peace and ensuring safety for law-abiding citizens within their municipal boundaries. This article examines the effectiveness of the existing mechanisms in ensuring safety in Mopani District Municipality (MDM). The Constitution mandates municipalities to take a lead in crime prevention to increasing people's feelings of safety and building safer communities. Using a qualitative research approach, a purposive sampling was used to select four municipal officials. The face-to-face interviews were conducted in Letaba local municipality, Greater Tzaneen local municipality, Ba-Phalaborwa local municipality and Maruleng local municipality. Data was analysed through thematic analysis. The results revealed that most local municipalities are involved in crime prevention through the establishment of the Community Safety Forums (CSF) who participate in tourism safety, school safety, road, social crime prevention and health safety. The findings revealed lack of resources, funding (Budget), political instability, lack of knowledge, training and experience as some of the major challenges hindering the effectiveness of local government involvement in crime prevention. The study recommends the establishment of a safety section in a municipality, professionalization of the crime prevention space, exploring other avenue for funding and municipal accountability to address safety issues

Legal Analysis of the Forestry Sector from the Perspective of Legislation in Indonesia

This research aims to identify government involvement in community activities using legal instruments in the form of permits. However, the permit does not end at the approval stage. Once permission is given, supervision is required, so clear rules are needed regarding who must be supervised. The research method used is normative legal research with a conceptual approach, namely the study of legal concepts such as legal sources, legal functions and legal systems. This research method is used to find conflicting supervisory regulations in the forestry sector. Others, namely Law Number 41 of 1999 concerning Forestry, Law Number 32 of 2009 concerning Environmental Protection and Management, and Law Number 23 of 2014 concerning Government Areas which may have different legal interpretations. In order for legal products to be a means of achieving sustainable forest development, these products must be designed in accordance with the nature of the forest itself. In other words, sustainable forest development must be based on will, awareness and political decisions. Then this will have no effect. This does not only apply to the current generation, but also to future generations.

Slum Area Improvement Program Based on Social Categories in Binjai City

This research aims to identify the socio-economic characteristics of the community in the Binjai Kota District, especially in the Kartini Region. It involves categorizing areas based on social and economic categories within slum areas and formulating appropriate handling strategies. The research methodology used is the SWOT Model with a descriptive and qualitative approach. Purposive sampling is employed for sample selection and informant determination. Overall, the socio-economic category of the community in the slum area tends to show low levels, as manifested in the majority having elementary school education, the dominance of laborers and farmers in the job sector, and low income levels, including land ownership with limited legality. However, there are some socio-economic categories that indicate better conditions, such as the productive age of household heads, housing density in accordance with standards, sanitation and clean water availability, and building ownership. Considering these findings, the slum area improvement program based on social categories proposed in this research should focus on strategies involving the implementation of development missions, community skill enhancement, sanitation preservation, building maintenance, and the development of non-governmental organizations. It should also encompass community empowerment, job diversification, cooperation for land ownership legality, drainage improvement, community awareness enhancement, and holistic assistance. This involves the government in the implementation of environmental cleanliness programs, collaboration between the government, regional authorities, and the community, as well as the maintenance of public facilities, improvement of community institutions, involvement of regional government within budget constraints, and collaboration between the government and the community in area arrangement.

DELIBERATIVE DEMOCRACY AS A MECHANISM OF CIVIL SOCIETY’S INFLUENCE ON THE STATE

This article explores the role of deliberative democracy in political modernization and the dynamic relationship between civil society and the state. It aims to elucidate the essence of deliberative democracy as a mechanism for civil society’s influence on the state, and systematically analyze the conceptual studies of deliberative democracy in the context of civil society’s power potential, both in Ukraine and globally. The study reflects on the evolution of civil society, highlighting its transformation from a state-dominated concept to one of parity with government institutions. The research emphasizes the significance of public discourse in legitimizing government decisions and examines the roles of various scholars in developing the concept of deliberative democracy.Deliberative democracy, a post-classical theory, is contrasted with electoral democracy, focusing on public discourse as a key legitimacy source for legislative acts. The paper delves into the historical origins of deliberation and deliberative democracy, crediting political scientist J.Bessette with coining the term. It discusses the critical elements of deliberative democracy, including public dialogue, rational discourse, and institutionalized exchange of opinions for decision-making. The model incorporates elements of representative, direct, and participatory democracy, highlighting its basis in public consultation and discourse.The article also examines various forms of the deliberative process, including open public discussions and behind-closed-doors exchanges, underscoring the importance of information, argumentation, and persuasion. It critiques the liberal interpretation of democracy and stresses the need for citizen involvement in governance, spotlighting the role of political civil society organizations in fostering democratic deliberation.

Perlindungan Hukum Pada Konservasi Lahan Pertanian Yang Berbasis Keadilan Sosial Di Kabupaten Bolaang Mongondow

This research aims to determine legal protection for agricultural land conservation in Bolaang Mongondow Regency based on social justice and to determine the implementation of Law Number 41 of 2009 concerning Sustainable Food Agricultural Land Protection regarding Agricultural Land Conservation in Bolaang Mongondow Regency. This research method uses empirical legal research methods.The results of the research that legal protection for agricultural land conservation in Bolaang Mongondow Regency based on social justice requires special attention. That farmers in the area have limited knowledge about agricultural land protection laws, which creates uncertainty in dealing with changes in land use and threats to the sustainability of agricultural land. Farmers' concerns about changes in land use illustrate the need to increase legal awareness and education among them. This increase in knowledge not only involves rights and obligations related to agricultural land, but also understanding the importance of active participation in decision making regarding agricultural land. Implementation of Law Number 41 of 2009 concerning Protection of Sustainable Food Agricultural Land, there are findings that although this law sets clear requirements for the transfer of agricultural land, practices in the field still indicate a threat to the sustainability of agricultural land. The need for active involvement of local governments in preventing practices that are detrimental to farmers and threaten the sustainability of agricultural land needs to be increased. Protection of farmers' rights, agricultural sustainability and social justice must be the main focus in ensuring that the implementation of the law achieves the desired objectives. Evaluation of cooperation between factories, local governments and farmers is also important to ensure balance and fairness in the distribution of economic benefits and legal protection.

Multi-stakeholder Collaboration In Improving the Quality of Local Human Resources in Super-Priority Tourism Destination Labuan Bajo Manggarai Regency

Objective: This research aims to explore the dynamics of collaboration between stakeholders and the strategies implemented by a combination of stakeholders in improving the quality of local human resources in Labuan Bajo, West Manggarai Regency. Theoretical Framework: Data from the Central Bureau of Statistics for 2021 and 2022 regarding West Manggarai Regency shows a labor force of 158,269, 150,499 employed, and 7,770 unemployed. 4.91% of the people are unemployed. Local human resources who are working: 59% are elementary school graduates,13% are junior high school graduates, 15% are high school graduates, and 13% are University graduates. As many as 64.71% work in the agricultural sector. There are 164 villages, five sub-districts, and 94 tourism villages. Strong collaboration between stakeholders is needed to empower local communities. The right strategy can accelerate the improvement of the quality of local human resources. Realizing a sustainable destination requires the involvement of local communities. Method: This research uses a qualitative method with a case study approach. Data collection techniques were conducted using in-depth interviews, observation, and literature study. The sample selection technique uses purposive sampling. Results: Stakeholders empowering local communities are academics, the tourism industry, NGOs, community groups, central and regional governments, and the media. The challenges faced in stakeholder collaboration are a lack of understanding of the concept of sustainable super premium tourism destination, the pros and cons between stakeholders regarding tourism development direction policies, and the lack of digital infrastructure in villages. The joint stakeholder strategy in building local human resources is implemented by strengthening local human resources to improve the economy, strengthening local human resources through education and training, building local human resources to care about the environment and culture, empowering human resources in tourism villages, and strengthening human resources in the Regional Government and Komodo National Park Center. Conclusion: Labuan Bajo Flores Tourism Authority (BPOLBP) is the leading actor in building stakeholder collaboration. Strong collaboration between stakeholders and the right strategy is needed to improve the quality of human resources. The involvement of local human resources helps the sustainability of tourist destinations. Originality/Value: The unique value of this research is 1). Strong involvement of central government in empowering local communities. 2). A joint stakeholder strategy to improve the quality of local human resources to participate in the development of premium tourism.

South Korea's Trade Diplomacy Strategy towards the Netherlands in Dealing with Japan's Semiconductor Raw Material Protection Policy during 2019-2022

The objective of this study was to elucidate South Korea's trade diplomacyendeavors in augmenting trade and investment in the Netherlands during the timeframe of 2019-2022. The author employs the notions of economic diplomacy and trade diplomacy from the Okano-Heijmans conceptual framework to elucidate the essence of the research. During the 2019-2022 timeframe, South Korea has implemented trade diplomacy efforts aimed at enhancing its potential to export products, particularly semiconductors. The implementation of a safeguard policy for Japanese semiconductor raw materials is a response to constraints in the availability of raw materials, as well as the trade conflict between the United States and China, which has repercussions for South Korea's trade ties with Japan. To enhance exports, the South Korean government is implementing several trade diplomacy initiatives, including engaging in commerce through Foreign Trade Agreements and promoting investment through bilateral relations focused on both government and private sector involvement, particularly with the Netherlands. In addition, South Korean representatives visited ASML, a Dutch company that manufactures semiconductor production machinery. Nevertheless, South Korea must confront some obstacles in order to succeed in the semiconductor trade battle, particularly the imperative for quality advancement. In this paper, the author will also explore the investment prospects of South Korea for the Netherlands.

Health expenditure: how much is spent on health and care worker remuneration? An analysis of 33 low- and middle-income African countries

ObjectivesTo assess the amount spent on health and care workforce (HCW) remuneration in the African countries, its importance as a proportion of country expenditure on health, and government involvement as a funding source.MethodsCalculations are based on country-produced disaggregated health accounts data from 33 low- and middle-income African countries, disaggregated wherever possible by income and subregional economic group.ResultsPer capita expenditure HCW remuneration averaged US$ 38, or 29% of country health expenditure, mainly coming from domestic public sources (three-fifths). Comparable were the contributions from domestic private sources and external aid, measured at around one-fifth each—23% and 17%, respectively. Spending on HCW remuneration was uneven across the 33 countries, spanning from US$ 3 per capita in Burundi to US$ 295 in South Africa. West African countries, particularly members of the West African Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU), were lower spenders than countries in the Southern African Development Community (SADC), both in terms of the share of country health expenditure and in terms of government efforts/participation. By income group, HCW remuneration accounted for a quarter of country health expenditure in low-income countries, compared to a third in middle-income countries. Furthermore, an average 55% of government health expenditure is spent on HCW remuneration, across all countries. It was not possible to assess the impact of fragile and vulnerable countries, nor could we draw statistics by type of health occupation.ConclusionsThe results clearly show that the remuneration of the health and care workforce is an important part of government health spending, with half (55%) of government health spending on average devoted to it. Comparing HCW expenditure components allows for identifying stable sources, volatile sources, and their effects on HCW investments over time. Such stocktaking is important, so that countries, WHO, and other relevant agencies can inform necessary policy changes.

Adoption of pre-letting and pre-sale financing arrangements for real estate development in a developing economy: an assessment of the influencing factors

PurposePre-letting and pre-sale financing arrangements have been widely adopted to increase housing delivery in the developed economy. Despite the increasing level of adoption in some developed countries, some are reverting to spot property buying because of factors militating the adoption of pre-letting and pre-sale financing. However, little has been done on the factors influencing the adoption of these trust-based financing arrangements in the developing economy where there are challenges of trust and market transparency.Design/methodology/approachUsing a closed-ended questionnaire, 87 property development companies (PDCs), which constituted 63.5% of the 137 PDCs in Lagos metropolis, were sampled. Variables that influence adoption of pre-letting and pre-sale financing arrangements were presented to respondents for rating on a five-point Likert scale, ranging from 1 (not influential) to 5 (very highly influential). With the aid of SPSS software, acquired data were analysed using principal component analysis (PCA), mean rating and standard deviation.FindingsThe PCA finding revealed that factors influencing the adoption of pre-letting and pre-sale financing had 69.641% total variance. Top-rated components were fear of financial risk and firm’s reputation and poor government involvement and contractors' credibility, with 15.114% and 11.895% variances, respectively. The study findings suggested that the buyers' apprehension regarding the transfer of financial risk and the reputation of the firms significantly influence their decision to embrace both arrangements. As a result, the buyers' willingness to engage the financing arrangements is reduced, which consequently imparts adoption negatively. Furthermore, there is worrisome lack of government involvement, a crucial aspect for the success of such arrangements.Practical implicationsPre-letting and pre-sale financing arrangements are found to be highly suitable for environments where there is trust. The findings enlighten the development firms on the need to uphold their reputation, as buyers attach great significance to the credibility and integrity of the companies they engage in business.Originality/valueThis paper is one of the few attempts that have sought to explore the factors influencing pre-letting and pre-sale financing arrangements in an emerging market like Nigeria.

Publics’ views on ethical challenges of artificial intelligence: a scoping review

AbstractThis scoping review examines the research landscape about publics’ views on the ethical challenges of AI. To elucidate how the concerns voiced by the publics are translated within the research domain, this study scrutinizes 64 publications sourced from PubMed® and Web of Science™. The central inquiry revolves around discerning the motivations, stakeholders, and ethical quandaries that emerge in research on this topic. The analysis reveals that innovation and legitimation stand out as the primary impetuses for engaging the public in deliberations concerning the ethical dilemmas associated with AI technologies. Supplementary motives are rooted in educational endeavors, democratization initiatives, and inspirational pursuits, whereas politicization emerges as a comparatively infrequent incentive. The study participants predominantly comprise the general public and professional groups, followed by AI system developers, industry and business managers, students, scholars, consumers, and policymakers. The ethical dimensions most commonly explored in the literature encompass human agency and oversight, followed by issues centered on privacy and data governance. Conversely, topics related to diversity, nondiscrimination, fairness, societal and environmental well-being, technical robustness, safety, transparency, and accountability receive comparatively less attention. This paper delineates the concrete operationalization of calls for public involvement in AI governance within the research sphere. It underscores the intricate interplay between ethical concerns, public involvement, and societal structures, including political and economic agendas, which serve to bolster technical proficiency and affirm the legitimacy of AI development in accordance with the institutional norms that underlie responsible research practices.

Manajemen Risiko dalam Proyek Konstruksi Studi Kasus Evaluasi dan Rekomendasi Proyek Konstruksi Perumahan PT Dharma Sakti

This research focuses on identifying and analyzing risks that can affect the implementation of housing construction projects in response to increasing population. A survey method using a questionnaire was used to collect data from stakeholders regarding housing construction projects. The results of risk identification based on events and consequences show that K3L and bureaucratic, natural and information aspects are high risks based on events, while social and location, external, planning and implementation management aspects are significant risks based on events. Based on consequences, natural aspects and government policies are considered high risk, while social, location and internal aspects are considered significant risk. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) confirmed these findings. The implications of the results of this research include the need to adopt proactive strategies in risk management, strengthening capacity in dealing with critical risks, government involvement in addressing policy and natural risks, as well as emphasizing social and location aspects in planning and implementing housing construction projects. These findings can serve as a basis for improving risk management in the context of uncertainty in the implementation of residential construction projects and the development of more effective industrial policies.

Community Size and Electoral Preferences: Evidence From Post-Second World War Baden-Württemberg

Abstract We examine whether electoral preferences depend on a community's population size by studying post-Second World War Baden-Württemberg in Southwest Germany. Our identification strategy exploits the fact that the French administration zone prohibited German expellees from entering, contrary to the contiguous American zone. Population size positively predicts voting for the Social Democrats (the party advocating substantial government involvement in practically all domains) and negatively for the Christian Democrats (the small-government party advocating free-market policies). Results are neither driven by pre-existing voting patterns, religious compositions, and location- and time-specific unobservables, nor other measurable cultural, demographic, economic, or political characteristics. Alternative explanations pertaining to expellee voting behaviour or a backlash of natives against expellees appear unlikely – population size prevails as a predominant voting predictor.

Dampak Pengelolaan Dana Desa Terhadap Peningkatan Pendidikan Desa

The purpose of this study is to identify how the influence of village fund management on education increases in Sukomulyo Village, Mojowarno District, Jombang Regency. The study was conducted in Sukomulyo Village, Mojowarno District, Jombang Regency. The study procedure used is a type of qualitative study using descriptive procedures. The subjects of this research are four villages belonging to the village of Sukomulyo, Mojowarno sub-district. The method of collecting information used in this research is the field. Information analysis methods used in qualitative research include interview transcripts, reduction of analytical information, and interpretation of information. The research results show that if the village fund program in Sukomulyo Village is an increase in infrastructure development, the development and revision of residents can be said to have been achieved. The involvement of the village government in supporting the improvement of the quality of learning in Sukomulyo Village has been tested both in terms of access to learning facilities and learning infrastructure. The involvement of the village government in supporting the quality of education in Sukomulyo Village in terms of access to learning is realized in full. PAUD, TK/TPA and TBM which show the involvement of the village government. village government in improving the quality of learning in terms of facilities and infrastructure has been implemented.

Corporate social responsibility in the United Arab Emirates and globally: A cross-national comparison

This research paper explores and compares the Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) strategies of the top 25 companies in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and those of the top companies globally having a presence in the UAE market too, using lists sourced from Forbes Magazine. Utilizing the Stakeholder theory, the focus is to understand any potential differences in the CSR practices between these two groups. To achieve this, the study downloads and analyzes annual CSR reports from the websites of these 50 companies, employing content analysis methodology. The analysis was facilitated by two researchers who identified common themes and areas of focus. All the themes were classified into three central factors using SPSS software: Environment, Social, and Governance. The study found several similarities and a few crucial differences in CSR practices between UAE and worldwide companies. Among the distinguishing features were UAE companies' heightened emphasis on charity and philanthropy, a considerable level of government involvement, and a notable absence of a comprehensive reporting framework. The study further unveils valuable insights and best practices that can be adopted by each group, thereby offering practical and theoretical implications for multinational corporations and policymaking. By shedding light on the distinct CSR landscape in the UAE, this paper is a useful resource for companies looking to understand or operate within this region.

Membangun Hutan Lestari: Analisis Undang-undang Nomor 32 Tahun 2009 tentang Perlindungan dan Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup

The purpose of writing this scientific article is to identify and analyze management supervision in the forestry sector in general in the context of forest protection in industrial plantation forests, because the sustainable implementation of industrial plantation forests in principle requires government involvement in community activities through legal instruments. in the form of permits. Sometimes government policies regarding participation in community activities do not end in just one stage, but rather go through several policies. As a research method, a normative research method was used, the results of which are as follows: Because this is an industrial plantation forest, the special basic law, namely. H. Forestry Law no. 41 of 1999 and newer laws. Regional Government Law no. 23 of 2014. Although the Environmental Protection and Management Law no. 32 of 2009 has different content, because it relates to environmental permits in general. Industrial forest plantation permits, known as IUPHHK-HTI, are issued by authorized officials from the Minister of Environment and Forestry, taking into account recommendations from the governor where the permit is issued. In this case, the authorization procedure actually requires preventive checks, because preventive checks are to avoid possible errors with the ultimate goal of ensuring forest sustainability.