Governments Of Different Countries Research Articles

PANDEMI CORONA VIRUS (COVID 19) DALAM PERSPEKTIF BUDAYA LAMAHOLOT-FLORES TIMUR

COVID -19 has been known as the most dangerous disease for human being. The COVID -19 virus started in Wuhan, China, at the end of 2019, and in short time became the health world wide issue. There are no countries in the world that are not influenced by such issue. Governments in different countries, including Indonesia have been triying to make different programmes to cope the issue. But until now, the issue about COVID -19 is still going on. The issue of COVID 19 for most of tribes in Indonesia is not merely a health issue. It is also understood as a socio-religiuos issue. The issue of COVID -19 has a close relationship with their faith on existence of the High Beeing, the spirits and ancestor . They do believe that all realities in the world comes into existence because of the power of God, guided by different spirits and ancestor. In such perspective of faith, different problems and black experiences including different kind of diseases are understood as the punishment of the High Beeing. Human being who come into existence by the creative power of the High Beeing, are supposed not faithfull enough in following the will of the High Beeing, the spirits and ancestor. Based on this religius faith, the High Beeing, the spirits and the ancestor must be invited and get involved in any inisitive to solve the problems. The Corona Virus 19 has become a very crucial experience for human being in all over the world. Facing such issue, the people of Lamaholot, who live in estern part of Flores Island, has practised different rites to overcome the issue. They do believe that by doing such rite in different places, they could make a kind of reconciliation with the High Beeing, the spirits and the ancestor that could make them free from all kind of the punishments.

Exploring the effect of human capital on carbon emissions: evidences from 125 countries.

Human capital (HC) plays a crucial role in economic growth, and also has a considerable effect on environmental performance, including carbon emissions (CEs). Existing studies have drawn inconsistent conclusions on whether and how HC affects CEs, and most of them conduct case studies of a certain country or several countries with similar economic backgrounds. In order to accurately determine the effect and the influence mechanism of HC on CEs, this research conducted an empirical study by applying econometric method and the panel data of 125 countries over the period 2000-2019. The empirical results indicate that there is an inverted U-shaped nexus between HC and CEs of full sample countries, revealing that HC will increase CEs before turning point and decrease CEs after turning point. From a heterogeneity perspective, this inverted U-shaped nexus only exists in high and upper-middle income countries, while is not supported in low and lower-middle income countries. This study further disclosed that HC can affect CEs by the mediating effects of labor productivity, energy intensity, and industrial structure from a macro perspective. Specifically, HC will increase CEs by promoting labor productivity, while decrease CEs by reducing energy intensity and the proportion of secondary industry. These results can provide important references for governments of different countries to make tailored carbon reduction policies according to the mitigation effect of HC on CEs.

THE RUSSIA-UKRAINE WAR AND METAMODERN STRUCTURE OF FEELING

The study takes into the consideration the existing dynamic relationship between metamodernism and the Russia-Ukraine war. The article aims to draw the parallels between metamodern structure of feeling and the harsh reality of war in Ukraine. The author has summarized the conceptual foundations of metamodernism and its paradigmatic benchmarks such as historicity, affect, and depth. It has been argued that these markers of metamodernism, conceptualized by Timotheus Vermeulen and Robin van den Akker, have intensified in the context of the Russia-Ukraine war. In particular, the past and the narrative of a nation problematized by the postmodern thinkers are re-activated within the Russia-Ukraine war. They are necessary to tie the past with our present and our future as well as to join disconnected presents. Metamodern historicity compensates historical amnesia of postmodernism and gives grounds to imagine a historical moment. Affect as a metamodern intensity through which we articulate the emotional reactions and responses has gained new currency during the Russia-Ukrainian war. Thousands of Ukrainian refugees are receiving help and support from the governments of different countries and people across the world. This situation exemplifies a desire of metamodern subjectivity for a meaningful personal emotional experience and interconnectedness. It has been concluded that metamodern logic has been forged during the Russia-Ukraine war and metamodern touchstones (historicity, affect, and depth) are contextualized in the reality of the 21st-century barbaric bloodshed. Moreover, the Russia-Ukraine war has disclosed that the intellectual life under the postmodern negation of grand narratives, truth, tradition, center, and other categories led us to intellectual and practical dead ends. The clash of civilizations that we experience today confirms the end of postmodern skepticism and irony, fragmentation, and playfulness. The postmodern logic blocked out our ability to respond to the tragedies and deaths brought by the war. We need a metamodern return to emotionality and sincerity to heal the traumas of war.

The approaching pilot for One Health governance index

BackgroundOne Health approach advocates realizing the best health and harmonious symbiosis of human, animal and natural environment through cross-border, multi-sectoral and interdisciplinary cooperation. The good governance model is the leading factor for the performance of One Health governance. In order to tackle the complex problems in the One Health governance at the global level, the variation of One Health governance in different countries was analyzed by a set of indicators within the One Health system.MethodThe capacity of One Health governance was assessed after establishment of a set of indicators for the One Health governance index (OHGI) following the methodology of the global One Health index. The data to calculate OHGI was collected from various database sources, including the Food and Agriculture Organization, the World Health Organization, the World Organization for Animal Health, and official health-related institutions of various countries. Eight indicators (including 19 sub-indicators) were employed in the OHGI system to comprehensively evaluate the capacity of One Health governance in 146 countries of the world.ResultsAmong the 146 countries scored in the OHGI system, the average score was 34.11, with a median score of 31.49, ranged from 8.50 to 70.28. Most countries with higher OHGI scores come from Europe and Central Asia, East Asia and the Pacific and North America, while countries with the lower OHGI scores are almost from sub-Saharan Africa. Six countries scored more than 65 points, including Australia, Sweden, Germany, Netherlands, the United States of America and Finland, indicating that these countries are relatively mature in most aspects of One Health governance. However, there were some developing countries with OHGI scored lower than 15. Therefore, the gap between countries with higher OHGI scores and those with lower OHGI scores is more than 60.ConclusionsGood governance on One Health is an important indicator to measure One Health’s governance capacity. The political stability, the level of rule of law and economic conditions in different regions are significantly correlated with the One Health governance capacity. Actions need to be taken urgently to close the gap of One Health governance between different regions.

National approaches for citizen data management in response to COVID-19: An overview and implications of contact tracing apps in 21 countries

The COVID-19 pandemic brings the topic of citizen data management (CDAMA) into the public eye. This study is one of the first attempts to analyze the national approaches for CDAMA applied by governments of different countries and continents in public sectors. The study first conducts a systematic overview of the representative contact tracing apps in 21 countries of four continents, collecting information of the four aspects of the CDAMA system. It then summarizes and analyzes the various governments’ approaches to the CDAMA system applied by different countries and continents based on the app overview. We found that governments’ priority between national safety (i.e., public health in this study) and citizen privacy is different in terms of their national approaches for CDAMA. For example, governments of Asian countries are more intrusive and hold a stricter attitude in their national CDAMA approach than countries elsewhere. Our study has contributions both theoretically and practically. Theoretically, it fills the literature gap about data management by discussing the data management in governments; practically, the study provides the background information as well as implications for future debates and discussions on governments’ data management system and citizen data use.

Data breach and privacy in the digital era

The trend of data breaches globally is attracting concerns from business owners and the government of different countries. Notwithstanding the multiple pieces of legislation and strict requirements for reducing crime, there has been an exponential increase in data breach incidents. These crimes result in the loss of billions of dollars annually from small entities and large enterprises. Data breaches did not only start during the digital era with technological advancement; they started when individuals and organizations stored and maintained their data and records on-premises. However, as technology advances and computer systems become more accessible and affordable, coupled with poor management of sensitive documents, data breaches occur when individuals view other people’s files without authorization. The rate of data breaches rose from 1980 to the early 2000s, giving rise to awareness of the canker. Laws and regulatory agencies such as Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)and Payment Card Industry (PCI) Data Security Standards were then established to guide sensitive data and the custodians. Regulatory frameworks developed as best practices to secure sensitive information are, however, not being implemented exhaustively, thereby not able to gatekeep satisfactorily. Data breach frequency is high in the digital era. The digital era exposes organizations and individuals continually to potential security breaches. Technologies like artificial Intelligence, machine learning, and data modeling make it possible to design algorithms and neural networks that help anticipate events and generate more data. Subsequently, fling open the gates to potential data breaches. In essence, it becomes absolutely necessary to consider the aftermath of information security and privacy in this digital era.

Data breach and privacy in the digital era

The trend of data breaches globally is attracting concerns from business owners and the government of differentcountries. Notwithstanding the multiple pieces of legislation and strict requirements for reducing crime, there hasbeen an exponential increase in data breach incidents. These crimes result in the loss of billions of dollars annuallyfrom small entities and large enterprises. Data breaches did not only start during the digital era with technologicaladvancement; they started when individuals and organizations stored and maintained their data and records on-premises. However, as technology advances and computer systems become more accessible and affordable,coupled with poor management of sensitive documents, data breaches occur when individuals view other people’sfiles without authorization. The rate of data breaches rose from 1980 to the early 2000s, giving rise to awarenessof the canker. Laws and regulatory agencies such as Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)and Payment Card Industry (PCI) Data Security Standards were then established to guide sensitive data and thecustodians. Regulatory frameworks developed as best practices to secure sensitive information are, however,not being implemented exhaustively, thereby not able to gatekeep satisfactorily. Data breach frequency is highin the digital era. The digital era exposes organizations and individuals continually to potential security breaches.Technologies like artificial Intelligence, machine learning, and data modeling make it possible to design algorithmsand neural networks that help anticipate events and generate more data. Subsequently, fling open the gates topotential data breaches. In essence, it becomes absolutely necessary to consider the aftermath of informationsecurity and privacy in this digital era.

Taxation of Digital Services and Practices from Selected Countries

İnternet, bilgisayar ve mobil cihazlarının kullanımının gündelik hayatın bir parçası olmasının sonucu olarak dijital ortamlarda pazarlama ve satış faaliyetlerinin de buraya taşınması söz konusu olmuştur. Kamu kurumları, özel şirketler ve bireyler, internet mecralarında çeşitli mal ve hizmet alımını gerçekleştirmeye başlamış, bu durum ülkesel sınırları ortadan kaldıran küresel bir ekonomi oluşmasını da beraberinde getirmiştir. Dijital ekonomide de geleneksel ekonomi gibi çeşitli unsurlar bulunmaktadır ki dijital hizmet de bunlardan biridir. Bankacılık işlemleri, güvenlik işlemleri, rezervasyon, tur satışı, bilirkişi uygulamaları, reklam gibi pek çok hizmet bugün dijital ortamda verilebilir hale gelmiş, bu durum hizmet satışında vergilendirme konusunu da gündeme taşımıştır. İnternet ortamında özellikle hizmet satışının fiziksellikten uzak olması, ülkelerin sınırları dışında gerçek ve tüzel kişilerin işlem yapabiliyor olması, para transferlerinin belirsizleşmesi ve ödemelerin artık geleneksel para yollama yöntemleri ile yapılmaması, vergilendirme konusunda sorunlar oluşturmaktadır. Bu nedenle, vergi problemlerini çözmek için ülke yönetimleri birlikte hareket etmek ve küresel kurallar oluşturmak durumunda kalmışlardır. İktisadi İşbirliği ve Gelişme Teşkilatı (OECD) ve 20’ler Grubu (G20) ülkeleri başta olmak üzere, Amerika Birleşik Devletleri (ABD) ve Avrupa Birliği (AB) içerisinde tüm ülkelere rehberlik edecek olan genel vergilendirme ilkeleri belirlenmiştir ve ülkeler de bu ilkelere bağlı olarak mevzuatlarını oluşturmuşlardır. Bu çalışmada, ülkemizde ve dünyada hemen hemen aynı tarihlerde uygulamaya konan dijital hizmet vergilendirmesinin ne olduğu ve seçili ülkelerde uygulamaların nasıl gerçekleştirildiği sorusunun cevabı aranmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda, dijital hizmet vergisinin farklı ülkelerdeki uygulamalar benzerlik göstermektedir, fakat belirlenen vergi oranlarında ayrışmaktadır.

Вплив COVID-19 на смертність і тривалість життя в Україні в 2020—2021 рр.

With the increasing intensity of movement of people between countries and continents, humanity has become more vulnerable to the spread of diseases on a global scale. The rapid spread of COVID-19 in 2020 has led to a significant shift in the mortality structure of the population and tangible losses in average life expectancy. Governments of different countries have responded differently to this challenge. Therefore, it is relevant to compare the experience of Ukraine against the other countries. The purpose of this article is to analyze and quantify the impact of COVID-19 on mortality and life expectancy in Ukraine. The novelty is an estimate of the impact of COVID-19 on mortality in Ukraine by different methods based on the data for the complete years 2020-2021. Methods of calculation and analysis of demographic indicators, life tables, graphic method, decomposition method, and Lee—Carter method were used. The existing definitions of excess mortality are analyzed. Based on the use of 6 methods it is determined that the pandemic led to an increase in the number of deaths in Ukraine (without Donbas and Crimea) from 92.7 to 241.5 thousand. Most estimates fall into the range of 147.5-224.2 thousand. It is shown that the biggest number of excess deaths is observed in older age groups, especially 65-84 years. The highest loss of life potential occurred in the 65-74 age group. In 2020-2021, life expectancy at birth for women decreased by 2.62 years, while for men the reduction was 1.77 years. The increase in mortality from COVID-19 resulted in a loss of 1.91 and 1.51 years, respectively. In 2020-2021, a sharp increase in mortality from respiratory diseases was recorded. It is shown that mortality from this class of diseases has a direct strong (correlation coefficient 0.91) and significant (p< 0.001) correlation with mortality from COVID-19. The relationship between these causes of death is supported by a similar effect on the age pattern of life expectancy losses. The increase in the overall male mortality rate was significantly mitigated by decrease in mortality from infectious and parasitic diseases, as well as external causes of death. Women, due to their much lower mortality rates from these classes of causes, have a markedly lower potential for improvement in this area. Therefore, it is necessary to expand and facilitate access to professional medical care and not limit it, as was done during lockdowns and quarantines.

Predicting factors affecting the intention to use a 3PL during the COVID-19 pandemic: A machine learning ensemble approach

The COVID-19 pandemic had brought changes to individuals, especially in consumer behavior. As the government of different countries has been implementing safety protocols to mitigate the spread of the virus, people became apprehensive about traveling and going out. This paved way for the emergence of third-party logistics (3PL). Statistics have proven the rapid escalation regarding the use of 3PL in various countries. This study utilized Artificial Neural Network and Random Forest Classifier to validate and justify the factors that affect consumer intention in selecting a 3PL service provider during the COVID-19 pandemic integrating the Service Quality Dimensions and Pro-Environmental Theory of Planned Behavior. The findings of this study revealed that attitude is the most significant factor that affects the consumers' behavioral intention. Other factors such as customer satisfaction, customer perceived value, perceived environmental concern, assurance, responsiveness, empathy, reliability, tangibility, perceived behavioral control, subjective norm, and perceived authority support, are all contributing factors that affect behavioral intention. Machine learning algorithms, specifically ANN and RFC, resulted to be reliable in predicting factors as they obtained accuracy rates of 98.56% and 93%. Results presented that consumers’ attitude, satisfaction, perceived value, assurance by the 3PL, and perceived environmental concerns were highly influential in choosing a 3PL package carrier. It was seen that people would be encouraged to use 3PL service providers if they demonstrate availability and environmental concerns in catering to the customers' needs. Subsequently, 3PL providers must assure safety and convenience before, during, and after providing the service to ensure continuous patronage of consumers. This is considered to be the first study that utilized a machine learning ensemble to measure behavioral intention for the logistic sector. The framework, analysis tools, and findings of this study could be extended and applied among other behavioral intentions regarding transportation worldwide. Managerial insights among service providers are discussed.

Journal of Food, Nutrition and Diet Science: A new bilingual open access journal focusing on global nutrition and dietetics science

Journal of Food, Nutrition and Diet Science: A new bilingual open access journal focusing on global nutrition and dietetics science

Current approaches to forecasting and modeling population morbidity in Russia (review)

In modern conditions, new methods and approaches to forecasting and modeling the spread of new types of diseases and their impact on the world economy, the health of the population, resource and technological capabilities, as well as the effectiveness of management measures to control it by health care, industry and governments of different countries and regions of the world are becoming particularly relevant. The purpose of this study was to study and generalize the existing domestic experience in predicting and modeling population morbidity, analyze the use of basic methods and approaches to its prediction. This article provides an overview and analysis of Russian scientific publications on the issues of population morbidity forecasting at the population level. it also discusses the features of various approaches and methods for predicting different classes, groups and types of diseases, including in the territorial context in Russia. Thus, this study will also determine the disadvantages and advantages of using certain methodological approaches, especially when identifying new viruses and infectious diseases, which is very important for timely planning and conducting anti-epidemic and preventive measures.

How COVID-19 Affects the Willingness of the Elderly to Continue to Use the Online Health Community

In response to the COVID-19 outbreak, the governments of different countries adopted, such as locking down cities and restricting travel and social contact. Online health communities (OHCs) with specialized physicians have become an important way for the elderly to access health information and social support, which has expanded their use since the outbreak. This paper examines the factors influencing elderly people’s behavior in terms of the continuous use of OHCs from a social support perspective, to understand the impact of public health emergencies. Research collected data from March to April 2019, February 2020, and August 2021, in China. A total of 189 samples were collected and analyzed by using SmartPLS. The results show that (1) social support to the elderly during different stages has different influences on their sense of community and (2) the influence of the sense of community on the intention to continuously use OHCs also seems to change over time. The results of this study provide important implications for research and practice related to both OHCs and COVID-19.

A Perspective on the Influence of National Corporate Governance Institutions and Government's Political Ideology on the Speed to Lockdown as a Means of Protection Against Covid-19.

This first wave study of the Covid-19 pandemic investigates why the governments of different countries proceeded to lockdown at different speeds. We draw upon the literature on Corporate Governance Institutions (CGIs) to theorize that governments’ decision-making is undertaken in the light of prevailing beliefs, norms, and rules of the collectivity, as portrayed by the focal country’s CGIs, in their effort to maintain legitimacy. In addition, drawing on motivated cognition we posit that the government’s political ideology moderates this relationship because decision-makers are biased when assessing the impact of lockdown on commerce. Running negative binomial regressions on a sample of 125 countries, we find that the more shareholder-oriented the CGIs, the slower the governmental response in shutting down the economy to protect from the pandemic. Moreover, the main relationship is stronger the more right-leaning the government’s ideology. Our study contributes to the research on corporate governance institutions and political ideology and illustrates how societal and ideological biases affect government decision-making, especially when important decisions about public welfare are taken with little information on hand.

Building Legal Mechanisms for Electronic Governance Development

The aim of the study was to identify the legal mechanisms for the establishment of e-government and the development of e-governance from the perspective of international law and national legislation of countries where the level of e-governance is very high. Empirical and theoretical methods of scientific knowledge, as well as the comparative analysis were used for a comprehensive coverage of the research topic. It is found that the community-oriented principles are the basis for the functioning of e-government with a view to the digital transformation values. The establishment of digital government in different countries with a very high level of e-governance has its own peculiarities related to the status of the national legal framework, institutional capacity and economic development, information policy and information security. It was established that the e-governance should be improved by eliminating the digital gap, raising the level of digital literacy, creating a single competent authority to regulate public e-governance policy, introducing a network system of access to e-government services, and establishing a system for training civil servants on the provision of electronic services. Further research on e-governance may be focused on follow-up study and argumentation in order to determine effective legal tools of its regulation.

Approval and Legislation Involved in Development of Medical Devices in Dentistry – A Systematic Review

A medical device is defined as “any an instrument, apparatus, implement, machine, contrivance, implant, in vitro reagent” and “intended for use in the diagnosis of disease or other conditions, or in the cure, mitigation, treatment, or prevention of disease, in man or other animals”. Objective: The objective of this systematic review was to outline the steps and necessary requirements needed for approval and legislation of new medical devices. Methods: Two databases; PubMed and Google Scholar were electronically searched for articles published from year 2011 to 2021. The following MeSH (Medical Subjects Headings) terms; “new medical devices”, “Regulatory Bodies”, “Approval Medical Devices”, “Pre-market Post-market Approval” along with Boolean operators AND, OR and NOT were used to search for the articles. Results: It is evident from our study that risks associated with new medical and dental devices are being taken seriously by the governments of different countries and intensive work is done to minimize the risks and maximize the benefits of them. Conclusions: It is safe to say that we are entering a new era of safe medical practice along with new and better devices being available for the public. The reforms being made will help not only the hospitals and patients but will also assist the manufacturers in understanding the mechanisms involved in clearing their products for the approval. It will lead to advancement and reshaping healthcare system to combat many challenges faced by it and promote and protect the public health.

Lockdown Policies, Economic Support, and Mental Health: Evidence From the COVID-19 Pandemic in United States.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, various lockdown policies were put in place by the governments in different countries and different levels, which effectively curbed the spread of the virus, but also cause substantial damage to the mental health of local residents. We use statistics provided by the Household Pulse Survey and OxCGRT between 23 April 2020 and 30 August 2021 to analyze the impact of lockdown on overall mental health levels in US states during the COVID-19 pandemic at the macro level. The results show that the lockdown policies implemented by the state governments lead to a deterioration in psychological conditions, and this relationship varies to some extent depending on the level of high-quality economic support, that the state governments implement to alleviate the symptoms of depression and anxiety associated with the lockdown. Therefore, we argue that although lockdown policies are necessary during the COVID-19 pandemic, further government efforts are needed to give high-quality economic and mental health support to mitigate the negative effects of lockdown on mental health.

Evolution and Development Prospects of Management Accounting in the Digital Economy and Digital Business Transformation

Relevance. Modern information technologies by virtue of their key characteristics such as simplicity, speed, scale, are becoming the basis for innovations in management strategies and management accounting, which are crucial for the success. Those who are responsible for the decision-making process should create the basis for the development of the digital economy today in order to ensure the economic growth of the country, as well as to improve the standard of living of the population. Goal. The main purpose of this article is to formulate recommendations for the transformation of management accounting in the digital economy.Objectives. The main objectives of the research are: (1) to study conceptual approaches to the digital economy and Industry 4.0; (2) to study the impact of Industry 4.0 and the digital economy on management accounting, including the proposal of possible solutions; (3) to consider the role of management accounting and the role of the accountant for management accounting in the digital economy; (4) to study cost management in digital economy and (5) forecast of the main trends in the development of management accounting.Methodology. The theoretical basis of the research is based on the ideas of the work and everyday interaction of societies, companies and governments of different countries. The following principles were specified from the mentioned goals: employees should have a certain level of digital competence; production processes become more flexible and efficient, which contributes to obtaining high-quality products at a low price; to promote digitalization, it is necessary to encourage and stimulate private investment by the state; to create an environment for cross-sectoral and cross-border cooperation, free from crime, and others.Conclusions. In the course of working on this article, we achieved to find the key to issues of real interest to the business and academic environment in order to stimulate the adoption of new challenges related to the introduction of innovative technologies and open new research areas. The involvement of various specialists, regardless of their geographical origin, contributes to the expansion of knowledge about the digital economy, the fourth industrial wave and the evolving trends of management accounting. As a result of our research, we also identified areas for further research.

Prolonged acetogenic phase and biological succession during anaerobic digestion using swine manure.

In recent years, global warming and the limitation of fossil fuels have been causing the governments of different countries to think about the search for more sustainable fuel sources. Biomethane (CH4) has gained increasing attention in recent years as an alternative option for a sustainable source of energy. Biogas is generated during the anaerobic digestion of organic materials by the metabolism of complex microbial communities in the substrates that make up this digestion. The microbial community evaluation using 16S rDNA metabarcoding in a bench covered pond bioreactor using swine effluent revealed the dominant bacteria belonging to Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Bacteroidetes phyla. The methanogenic group was represented by the Euryarchaeota phylum. It was possible to observe that the relative frequency of the methanogenic archaea community decreased with the anaerobic digestion, indicating a biological succession stage. On the other hand, there was a predominant acetogenic diversity in this final stage. These data showed stabilization of biomethane production, although the microbial community of methanogens has drastically reduced in the late process.

Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Regarding Ocular Manifestations of COVID 19 among Students in a Medical College in Saudi Arabia- A Cross Sectional Study

Background: The coronavirus pandemic has forced governments of different countries to implement measures to control the spread of the virus and improve health awareness. Medical students are thought to have a significant role in public health promotion. Although there are studies assessing the level of knowledge of COVID-19 among medical students, there are very few assessing the level of knowledge about the ocular manifestations of COVID-19. Therefore, this study aims to assess the level of knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding the ocular manifestations of COVID-19 among medical students a medical college in Saudi Arabia.
 Methods: An online, questionnaire based cross sectional study was conducted to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding the ocular manifestations of COVID 19 among medical students.
 Results: The level of knowledge about COVID-19 was adequate. However, there was a deficient knowledge regarding some aspects of ophthalmological involvement in coronavirus disease. Female students and those of higher academic years demonstrated significantly higher knowledge. Attitudes and practices regarding prevention of infection and personal protective measures were satisfactory. The main source of information about COVID-19 was social media and internet.
 Conclusions: This is probably the first study investigating the ophthalmological knowledge of COVID-19 among medical students in this region. The level of knowledge about COVID-19 was adequate but knowledge about some ophthalmological aspects was insufficient. Students had adequate knowledge about COVID prevention and personal protective measures. It is suggested to include knowledge of COVID-19 in the curriculum to fill gaps in the knowledge, especially in the preclinical years. Seminars and training programmes could also add to the same.