Government Research Articles

The effect of supplementary feeding (PMT)-child recovery intervention in the coastal area of North Buton Regency, Southeast Sulawesi Province

Background: Malnutrition in Coastal Areas is still a public health problem in low- and lower-middle-income countries (LMICs). Nutritional status plays an important role in supporting growth, physical and cognitive development according to the child's age. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of Supplementary Feeding Recovery (PMT-P) on children's nutritional status. Methods: Experimental research design with Pretest and Posttest One Group Design approach. Involving 75 mothers who have children aged 6-24 months in the work area of the North Buton Regency Health Office, the child sample was selected by purposive sampling with inclusion criteria such as children who have growth below the red line (BGM) or experience very thin nutrition, toddlers who consume PMT-P from the government program in the form of biscuits, given regularly for up to 90 days. Children aged 6-11 months are given 80 gr/day equivalent to 8 pieces of biscuits (2 packs) while children aged 12-24 months are given 120 gr/day equivalent to 12 pieces of biscuits (3 packs). The instruments used in this study were the Healthy Towards Card (KMS) and the measurement of the toddler's weight was carried out using a Msumed brand digital scale with an accuracy of 0.1 cm while the measurement of the body length and height of the toddler was carried out using an Msumed brand infantometer and a statuemeter with an accuracy of 0.1 cm. The data was analyzed using a paired t-test (significant p<0.005). Results: The results showed that there was an effect of PMT-P administration before and after the intervention for 3 months on the nutritional status of children (p = value 0.000). Conclusion: There is an effect of giving PMT-P before and after the intervention for 3 months on the nutritional status of children. Therefore, the Government must continue to increase PMT-P as an alternative in management of malnutrition in children aged 6 to 24 months in North Buton Regency, southeast Sulawesi Province, Indonesia

From Democracy to Dictatorship: The Economic Impact of Guinea's 2021 Coup

The central thesis of this paper is the examination of economic management within the period of Alpha Conde and Colonel Mamady Doumbouya in Guinea. To achieve this objective, the scope of this paper was limited to the Guinea coup of 2021 which was incidental to the promulgation permitting Alpha Conde to seek two more terms in office even though he just won his third reelection bid. The paper adopted the content analysis of secondary materials such as journal articles, magazines, the internet, etcetera using the desk research methodology. The purposive technique was adopted for sample (document) selection. The presentation and discussion of data were done in prose. As demonstrated, there is indeed a relationship between political institutions and economic performance. While Guinea’s coup d’état provided the Guinean people with hope that their political and economic conditions may improve, the military’s assumption of power potentially made things worse for the Guinean people as can be seen with the GDP rate for 2020 and 2021. Aside from international disapproval of an unconstitutional takeover, Guinea’s economy suffered as a result of crippling sanctions. Regardless of regime type, there should be limited state intervention in the economy, leaders should eschew clientelist tendencies, and the promotion of bureaucratic capacities as measures to ensure effective economic management.

Sistematik Literatur Review: Peran Sistem Kesehatan dalam Penurunan Angka Kematian Ibu dan Anak

The maternal and child mortality rate (AKI-AKB) is an important indicator in determining the level of welfare of a country. A resilient health system plays an important role in reducing AKI-AKB. Such as the provision of universal access to essential health services, training of medical personnel focused on maternal and child health, and technology-based data management have been proven to support the reduction of these numbers in various countries. This research uses a qualitative method that is a literature study, namely a study that uses books and other literature as the main object. The data collection technique was carried out by examining literature sources from academic databases such as Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, Indonesian journal portals, and academic reference books. The results of the study show that the results of the maternal mortality rate (AKI) and infant mortality rate (AKB) in Indonesia in 2022 and 2023. In 2022, the maternal mortality rate was recorded at 4,005 people, while the infant mortality rate reached 20,882 people. However, in 2023, the maternal mortality rate increased to 4,129 people, and the infant mortality rate also increased significantly to 29,945 people. This increase shows a major challenge in Indonesia's health system, despite the fact that various programs have been implemented to reduce maternal and child mortality. In conclusion, government programs, such as family planning, reproductive health services, emergency obstetric services, and postpartum care, demonstrate strategic efforts in preventing complications and reducing maternal and infant mortality. With an integrated and sustainable approach, this effort is expected to be able to significantly reduce AKI and AKB.

КОНВЕРГЕНЦИЯ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫХ ПРОГРАММ РАЗВИТИЯ ЛЕСНОГО КОМПЛЕКСА

In the article the questions of improvement of program-targeted planning of development of forest complex of the Russian Federation are discussed on the example of state programs of the Russian Federation «Forestry Development» and «Development of industry and improvement of its competitiveness». The structural elements, indicators and expected results of existing public forest programmes are analysed for their sufficiency and effectiveness in achieving the objectives of strategic forest planning. Selected economic parameters characterizing the interface between government programmes in the area of forestry and forest industry. The paper provides a framework for the inertia and management of forests and presents a formula for the profitability of the harvesting industry through which cause and effect is givenThe link between the current selection by the logger of an inertial forest management model. On the basis of the results of the scientific research carried out, it is proposed to carry out a convergence of State programmes for the development of the forest complex, in terms of forestry and the forest industry, in order to improve the effectiveness of the implementation of the policy-oriented and targeted method of managing the sector.

ИНВЕСТИЦИОННАЯ ПРИВЛЕКАТЕЛЬНОСТЬ РЕГИОНОВ ПРИВОЛЖСКОГО ФЕДЕРАЛЬНОГО ОКРУГА: ТИПОЛОГИЯ И РИСКИ

The article studies the investment attractiveness of the regions of the Volga Federal District (VFD) of Russia through the prism of their typology and associated risks. The first stage of the study analyses a wide range of socio-economic indicators, including GDP per capita, unemployment rate, investment in fixed capital and other relevant factors. Institutional conditions, such as the quality of regional governance, the degree of openness to innovation and the level of bureaucratic obstacles for business are also taken into account. Based on the data collected, the regions of the Volga Federal District are classified into several typological groups that differ in terms of investment attractiveness. Each group is characterised by its unique features that make the regions more or less attractive to investors. A comparative analysis is provided to highlight the key advantages and disadvantages of each group. An important part of the study is the assessment of risks associated with investing in specific regions of the district. Economic and political risks are considered, as well as specific regional risks, including infrastructure constraints and environmental concerns. Strategies to minimise these risks are proposed for each type of region, which can be useful for strategic planning for both private investors and government agencies. Practical recommendations are given to improve the investment climate in the Volga Federal District. The authors emphasise the need for an integrated approach combining infrastructure development, improvement of the regulatory environment and promotion of innovation. The findings of the study can become a basis for the development of more effective regional development policies aimed at attracting investment and stimulating economic growth in the Volga Federal District.

Religion, gender norms and fertility in Muslim post-communist economies

ABSTRACT In this paper, we examine the relationship between religiosity and conservative gender role beliefs, as well as how these beliefs influence fertility decisions. We also test the hypothesis that exposure to gender-progressive political regimes and ideologies can weaken this chain of effects by diminishing either the influence of religion on gender roles or the impact of gender beliefs on fertility. Our empirical analysis is based on World Value Survey (WVS) data for five Ex-USSR Muslim countries compared to seven non-post-Soviet Muslim countries in neighbouring regions. Results indicate that higher religiosity is associated with more traditional gender roles in both groups; however, this link is significantly weaker among individuals from former communist countries who spent their formative years under Soviet rule. Additionally, more conservative gender beliefs do not lead to a higher number of children in Muslim Ex-USSR republics, whereas the opposite is true for the other group of Muslim countries.

Dualistyczna organizacja władzy wykonawczej: zagadnienia teoretyczne i współczesne doświadczenia ukraińskie

The form of government established by the current version of the Constitution of Ukraine generally meets the criteria of a mixed republic. One of the distinguishing features of the mixed republican form of government is the dualism of executive power, which provides for the constitutional consolidation of the joint competence of the president and the government in the executive branch. The presence of the president and the prime minister as two leading subjects of the executive power, none of whom dominates competently, prevents the abuse of executive power. The dualistic organization of the executive power also makes it possible to reduce the danger of a tough confrontation between the head of state and the parliament, a potential flaw of the presidential form of government, and the threat of permanent governmental instability, a potential flaw of the parliamentary form of government. The model of competence relations between the president and the government has a decisive influence on the effectiveness of the mixed republic. The general mixed republic approach to the division of powers between the president and the prime minister in the executive branch is that although the respective powers of these subjects are “intertwined”, the powers of the president are decisive. The president as a head of state is mainly responsible for solving strategic issues, controls such spheres of state authority activities as foreign policy, national security and defense, while the prime minister solves tactical tasks and carries out operational, day-to-day management. The analysis of the relationship between the president and the executive power characteristic of a mixed republic provides the necessary criteria for assessing the distribution of the joint competence of the President of Ukraine and the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine established by the Constitution of Ukraine. The model of competence relationships of these subjects, established by the initial version of the Constitution of Ukraine, corresponds to a greater extent to the criteria of the presidential form of government, and the current version of the Constitution of Ukraine complies with the criteria of a mixed parliamentary-presidential republic. At the same time, the tools of influence on the executive power available to the President of Ukraine are obviously insufficient and create serious complications in the implementation of the constitutional status of the head of state.

Shaky ground, shaky politics? Effects of Türkiye’s 2023 earthquakes on Erdoğan’s political survival

ABSTRACT How do disasters from natural hazards affect an incumbent’s re-election? This study contributes new evidence to the empirically mixed literature on leader’s political survival after disasters. Relying on a quantitative analysis, this article examines two major earthquakes that occurred in Türkiye in February 2023 and their impact on the presidential election held three months later. The extant literature suggests that disasters from natural hazards may either increase or decrease public support for the incumbent in the damaged areas. Furthermore, the incumbent is likely to maintain or increase voters’ support in disaster affected areas where pre-existing attitudes are favourable. This study’s findings reveal that the February 2023 earthquakes – and specifically aspects of the disaster response – brought electoral rewards to Türkiye’s president Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, including in his pre-existing electoral strongholds. The results are robust and underscore the relevance of studying political effects of disasters in various types of political regimes.

STRATEGI KOMUNIKASI PEMERINTAH DAERAH LOMBOK UTARA DALAM MEMBANGUN HUBUNGAN MASYARAKAT YANG KUAT (ANALISIS TEORI BUDAYA KUAT TERENCE DEAL DAN ALLAN)

Governments that have good relations with society tend to gain higher trust from their citizens. This trust is important for government legitimacy, which in turn increases compliance and support for government policies and programs. It is hoped that this research can help the North Lombok Regency Regional Government in developing an effective communication strategy that can be implemented in building strong community relations. Using the strong cultural theoretical framework of Terence Deal and Allan Kennedy. This research uses a qualitative approach with a literature study method. The data used comes from previous research, literature studies, and is relevant. By implementing strong cultural elements in its communications strategy, the North Lombok Regency Regional Government can build stronger relationships with the community, thereby increasing trust, participation and support for government programs. By instilling core values, elevating local heroes, holding rituals and ceremonies, utilizing informal networks, and building a strong narrative, the North Lombok Regency Regional Government can increase community trust and support. By integrating these elements, the North Lombok Regency Regional Government can create an environment that supports effective communication and builds stronger trust with the community. This will contribute to increased public participation and support for government programs, thereby bringing greater benefits to local communities

Accessibility of education in the context of digital inequality in the regions of the Russian Federation

Subject. The article investigates the mutual impact of digital inequality and electronic (online) education. Objectives. The study focuses on the analysis of digital inequality of federal districts of the Russian Federation and its impact on access to education. Methods. The study rests on general scientific research methods. Results. The paper clarifies the conceptual and categorical framework of digital inequality and its relation to the concept of "electronic education", emphasizes the importance of e-education for improving the overall level of development and well-being of the population, assesses digital development of regions by three levels of digital inequality. We identified regions that need government programs to bridge the digital divide at different levels. The Southern and Ural Federal Districts are the leading ones in terms of digital security and competencies. The North Caucasus Federal District needs to increase the level of digitalization in the field of infrastructure, and improve the digital literacy of the population. Conclusions. Digital inequality remains a global problem that leads to inequality of educational opportunities and deepens the gap in the socio-economic development of regions.

Организационно-правовые особенности сельскохозяйственной кооперации в новых регионах РФ

The author conducts a comparative analysis of productive and consumer cooperatives in agriculture to clarify the organizational and legal features of their creation and functioning. The analysis assesses the positive results and benefits that farmers can achieve by participating in cooperatives, including: cost reduction, access to higher prices for their products, new markets, the use of expensive innovative equipment, solutions for product storage, processing, and delivery, and creation of new jobs. The author also highlights the challenges and complexities of establishing and developing agricultural cooperatives in new regions of Russia. Current government programs for farmers are examined, with a particular focus on support measures for agricultural producers, especially those operating within cooperative associations. This is essential during the integration of farmers in new territories into the economic and legal framework of the Russian Federation. The establishment of a free economic zone with tax and credit incentives and a cost-sharing system can facilitate the smooth transition for small producers in new regions and increase agricultural output.

Социально-экономическое развитие города Магадана в условиях плановой и рыночной экономики (1960–2020 гг.)

The development of Russian northern cities and their unique transformation during the post-Soviet period present a compelling subject for research in terms of identifying both general trends and differences. Although northern cities are relatively younger than their central and southern counterparts, they serve as strategic hubs for the development of critical territories, including the Arctic. One such city is Magadan, located in the Russian Far East. This research provides a comprehensive analysis of the key economic sectors in Magadan, evaluating management practices and the effectiveness of government support under distinct economic systems from 1960 to 2020. The study aims to assess the socio-economic development of Magadan and identify the main factors influencing its trajectory under both planned and market economies. A combination of historical, economic, statistical, and comparative analyses was employed, alongside visualization and elements of systems analysis. Archival data from 1960–1990, characterizing the city's socio-economic development, were examined and are now introduced into scientific discourse for the first time. The findings reveal that during the planned economy era, Magadan experienced major growth, with integrated development across industries, population increase, and economic appeal driven by northern benefits provided by the government. In contrast, the market economy era saw economic contraction, reduced living standards compared to the national average, and migration shifts, including a population decline both regionally and within the city itself. Magadan transitioned from a dynamically growing city under the planned economy to a declining one under market conditions. The primary drivers of these changes were shifts in management principles and the diminishing effectiveness of northern benefits as a policy tool. The results of this study have implications for developing socio-economic strategies and government programs supporting northern and northeastern cities. Future research will focus on identifying a viable “smart shrinking” model to address these challenges.

Water regime specifics in the upper Sviyaga River and its tributaries upon karst development

At present, the hydrological characteristics of small rivers are understudied in Russia. Taking into account the increasing deterioration of the ecological state of surface watercourses, which primarily affects the intra-annual distribution of water runoff on small and medium-sized rivers, in particular, the study of runoff formation, its variability and intra-annual changes become the most important task of hydrology. The paper considers changes in the indicators of intra-annual distribution of river flow in the upper reaches of the Sviyaga River in the almost complete absence of knowledge of changes in the flow of small and medium-sized rivers in the study area. It was necessary to identify what changes the water runoff from small and medium-sized rivers undergoes in the upper reaches of the Sviyaga River, which is complicated by the occurrence of karst. The paper presents an analysis of the intra-annual distribution of water runoff, and natural factors that have the maximum effect on the intra-annual distribution of water runoff for rivers in the study area, as well as its assessment against the background of climate change. The identified types of water regime are described. Based on the research results, a typification of rivers is proposed according to the annual water flow and zoning of cross-sections by river types. The intra-annual distribution of water levels and discharges are analyzed, the factors influencing them are assessed, and the most significant of them are identified.

Introducing the RefCFRI: A continuous indicator comparing referendum campaign finance regulation in 143 countries

As referendums become an increasingly defining feature of global democratic practice, a normative debate centres around the importance of campaign finance regulations in ensuring fair and democratic procedures that avoid biasing their outcome. Understanding how different countries approach this issue can shed light on the impact of varied regulatory approaches, as well as whether they reach their intended policy goals. Scholarly work has therefore attempted to capture this cross-national variation in comparative measures, and this study attempts to build on these efforts by expanding their scope and depth to provide a global, inclusive and methodologically robust comparative measure of referendum political finance regimes. As such, it focuses on the design and compilation of the Referendum Campaign Finance Regulation Index (RefCFRI). We depart from a novel dataset detailing the presence/absence of 39 referendum campaign finance regulations in 143 countries as of April 2024. Using multiple correspondence analysis (MCA), we deliver empirical evidence for the existence of a singular dimension along which countries can be compared, namely the ‘level of regulation’. This dimension forms the RefCFRI, a continuous indicator that, together with our dataset, has the potential to contribute to political finance and referendum studies, as well as informed decision-making by policy-makers.

Political Regimes, Religious Dominance, and Economic Preferences: Insights from the World Values Survey and Global State of Democracy Indices

ABSTRACTObjectiveThis research explores how political regimes, individual incomes, and religious dominance influence societies' attitudes toward freedom, equality, and income inequality. This work applies an empirical framework on political regimes and socio‐religious contexts to study the impacts of political regimes and socioeconomic variables on individual beliefs about freedom, equality, and income inequality.MethodsUtilizing data from the World Values Survey (WVS) along with the Global State of Democracy (GSoD) indices, the study employs a two‐stage regression model to control for issues of endogeneity. This approach helps to understand differences in preferences for freedom and equality under democratic, authoritarian, and hybrid regimes, along with the influence of income and religious dominance.FindingsThe results show that democratic regimes prioritize equality, especially among the poor and members of non‐dominant religious groups. Under authoritarian regimes, however, high‐income populations tend to favour freedom. Hybrid regimes exhibit varied tendencies, with both income status and religious dominance significantly influencing perceptions of equality.ConclusionThis research contributes to understanding how political, economic, and religious factors shape societal preferences. The results provide insights into the complex interplay between governance, socioeconomic conditions, and individual preferences.

Material hardship and sources of support for autistic adolescents and their families.

Our study looks at how families with autistic teenagers manage financially compared with families with teenagers who do not have autism. We know that money matters are a big part of life's overall quality and that autistic individuals and their families often face more financial challenges. These challenges can affect their health, social connections, and access to needed services. What our research adds is a closer look at these financial difficulties by considering not just how much money a family has but also what they own, their struggles to meet basic needs, and the help they get from both government programs and their own social circles. We found that families with autistic teenagers often deal with more financial problems, including not having enough food, even though they might be using available support programs. This is important because it shows us that the current ways of helping may not be enough. Our findings suggest we need to think more broadly about how to support these families. This could mean making policies that better address their unique needs or coming up with new ways to help them that go beyond just looking at income. Understanding these challenges better can help us make life better for autistic individuals and their families.

OVERVIEW OF BUDGETARY SLACK GOVERNANCE -- BASED ON THE INFORMAL GOVERNANCE PERSPECTIVE

The existence of budgetary slack makes it difficult for budget management to play the expected function, and managers put their interests above the interests of the company through the implementation of budgetary slack behaviors, which allocates the company's budget resources unbalanced, increases the agency costs, and ultimately leads to a decline in the quality of the sustainable governance of the company. Scholars have conducted quite a lot of research on how to govern budgetary slack, aiming to find ways to effectively govern budgetary slack. Previous scholars have studied the governance of budgetary slack mainly from the perspective of formal governance, and the results are quite fruitful, but the problem of budgetary slack still exists and is getting worse. Few scholars have studied the governance of budgetary slack from the perspective of informal governance. This article argues that informal governance is a kind of implicit contract based on social relations and emotions, which is more capable of obtaining the unanimous recognition and common compliance of the whole company and may play an unexpected role in the governance of budgetary slack. Therefore, this article will use the literature review method to sort out the studies on informal governance and summarise the informal governance measures for governing budgetary slack, which is expected to provide valuable reference suggestions for company managers and business leaders.

Varieties of platform capitalism? Competition, regime types and the diversity of food delivery platforms across Europe and North America

Abstract This article challenges the idea of platform capitalism, that digital platforms implement a uniform model based on a self-employed labor force. Expanding on empirical evidence of a diversity of platform models, we theorize expectations about platform diversity from competition and comparative capitalism research. Using a unique cross-national dataset of leading food delivery platforms in 32 countries across North America and Europe, we compare platform models and competitive relations across national institutional regimes. Our analyses uncover a considerable diversity of platform models across Europe, in contrast to a clear uniformity in North America. We also find that the use of self-employment varies across and within large multinational corporations and is most prevalent in countries of the lightly regulated regime type. Our results call for an economic sociology perspective on the platform economy that integrates a general concept of platforms but allows for diversity stemming from competition and different national regimes.

The Restitution of Agricultural Land During the Political Regime Change and its Effects on Hungarian Property Relations Today

In Hungary after World War II, the system of large estates was abolished and private peasant ownership was established. The peasant strata’s desire for land was therefore satisfied within the framework of a micro- and smallholder structure. During the period of collectivisation, the possibility of using peasant land practically disappeared, and the collective use of peasant private property took place within the framework of the producer cooperative system. From the 1960s until the period of the regime change, the cooperative model became dominant in terms of agricultural production. The political regime change of 1989/90 and the associated economic transformation also meant that the system of large-scale cooperative land use was dismantled and lands under cooperative ownership and partly state ownership were privatised. Part of this process was the provision of compensation, which primarily meant state reparation for unjust property deprivations (including land ownership) in the period between 1939 and 1967. This also had negative aspects in terms of the concept of reparations, which did not strengthen the market economy character of agricultural activity and agricultural holdings.

Ritual governance, rationalized bureaucracy, and ‘failure': the religio-spiritual dimension of global education policy

ABSTRACT Through the concept of ritual governance, this paper argues that it is impossible to separate the secular from the religio-spiritual, cosmological, or onto-epistemic aspect of policy. An inescapable feature of social science and the humanities, including in the study of policy and bureaucracy, pertains to those assumptions at the most basic level related to the nature of human existence. This argument is constructed through a critique of the typical political, institutional, and shallow cultural explanations that have been offered in the context of Indonesia regarding the ‘failure’ of rationalized bureaucracy generally and educational decentralisation specifically. The case of Indonesia is a vehicle for underscoring, first, that all forms of governance are affected by onto-epistemic concerns and, second, that scholarship in the field of global education policy would do well to attend to this blind spot in how it approaches fundamental questions of policy and change.