Government Finance Research Articles

Enhancement of The Physical Environment Toward Supporting Autism Care Through Parents Financial Status and Government Support

The physical environment is an important part of autism care. Creating care environments tailored towards the individual with autism needs is essential for high-quality care and is increasingly recognised as being associated with improved health and well-being among them. Nowadays, care should be holistic and view the person behind the disability, taking that their perspective and treating them as a unique individual. Despite the emerging focus on autism care approaches, the physical environment is still not considered as an integral part of care, and relatively little attention has been paid to environmental aspects. However, the physical environment has a great potential to facilitate or restrict care processes in a broad range of care settings, not least in care centre facilities for people with autism. The research focuses on ways to determine the inclination on the physical environment to support the autism individual among parents. Structural equation modelling using the partial least squares method with bootstrap will be used to test the research model. The findings of this study indicated that government support received are critical in determining parents’ attitude but there is no substantial relationship between their financial status and attitude. Likewise, parental attitudes play an important role in enhancement of the physical environment toward supporting autism care.

Relating biogas technology and environmental impact assessment: a roadmap towards clean energy for environmental sustainability.

Atmosphere contamination and fast weather change have compelled scientists and entrepreneurs to seek eco-friendly solutions for saving the earth. Increasing energy consumption depletes limited natural resources and harms the climate and ecology. In this regard, biogas technology contributes in two ways: satisfying energy needs and saving plants. Pakistan is a farming nation with enormous biogas-based energy generating potential. The primary objectives of this study are to identify the most significant barriers to farmers' investment in biogas technology. Non-probability sampling (purposive sampling) was utilized to establish the sample size. Ninety-seven investors and farmers were systematically sampled in biogas technology engaged in this survey. The planned questionnaire was practiced to obtain key facts via online interviews. The partial least square structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was used to evaluate designated hypotheses. The current research concludes that entire autonomous variables are substantial and interrelated with investment in biogas machinery, dropping energy disasters, and accomplishing environmental, financial, and maintenance government support objectives. The results also revealed that electronic and social media play a moderating influence. This conceptual model is considerably and positively affected by the chosen factors and their moderation. This study concludes that the primary tools for attracting farmers and investors in biogas technology are proper biogas technology awareness with relevant experts, financial and maintenance government responsibility, user efficiency and environmental concern of biogas plants, and the role of electronic and social media. The results also advised that the government should implement an incentive and maintenance policy to entice new farmers and investors in Pakistan to build biogas technology. Finally, the study's limitations and recommendations for additional studies are highlighted.

Collateral Framework: Liquidity Premia and Multiple Equilibria

AbstractCentral banks normally accept debt of their own governments as collateral in liquidity operations without reservations. This gives rise to a valuable liquidity premium that reduces the cost of government finance. The ECB is an interesting exception in this respect. It relies on external assessments of the creditworthiness of its member states, such as credit ratings, to determine eligibility and the haircut it imposes on such debt. We show how such features in a central bank's collateral framework can give rise to cliff effects and multiple equilibria in bond yields and increase the vulnerability of governments to external shocks. This policy can potentially induce sovereign debt crises and defaults that would not otherwise occur. The success of the ECB's temporary suspension of these features of its collateral framework during the pandemic illustrates the practical relevance of this mechanism.

THE EFFECTS OF SENIOR CITIZENS’ CONSUMER BEHAVIOR ON HEALTH, FINANCIAL, MEDIA INFORMATION & DIGITAL LITERACY

Senior citizens are a major change in the constellation of consumer behavior and trends in Thailand and around the world. The paper is aimed at studying the impact of senior citizens’ consumer behavior on health, financial, and media information and digital literacy. The main objectives were to explore the modern consumer behavior of senior citizens in three important areas: health, financial, and media information and digital literature, as well as to provide some recommendations for senior citizens to improve the quality of life in the three above areas. The quantitative research method was used with senior citizens in five districts of Bangkok. About 400 groups were selected by using random sampling method. In the area of health, the results showed that most of them suffered from non-communicable diseases such as high blood pressure, diabetes, and kidney disease. In the area of finance, the results showed that the financial support government and from their family and kins are the most important assistance. In the areas of media information and digital literacy, the results showed that they need help in these areas in order to access health care, financial support and any assistance provided by both the private and public sectors.

A Finite State Machine-Based Improved Cryptographic Technique

With the advent of several new means of communication, safeguarding the confidentiality of messages has become more crucial. Financial institutions, virtual currencies, and government organizations are all examples of high-risk contexts where information exchanges need particular care. The importance of data security in preventing unauthorized access to data is emphasized. Several cryptographic methods for protecting the secrecy and integrity of data were compared. In this research, the proposed work includes a new Turbo Code-based encryption algorithm. The Turbo encoder’s puncturing process is controlled by a secret key, and a typical random sequence is generated to encrypt the data and fix any mistakes. Key generation utilizing pre-existing data eliminates the requirement for sending keys over a secure channel. Using recurrence relations and the Lower–Upper (LU) decomposition method, the presented study suggests a novel approach to message encryption and decryption. The resulting encrypted grayscale image has a very high level of security, with an entropy of 7.999, a variation from perfection of 0.0245, and a correlation of 0.0092 along the diagonal, 0.0009 along the horizontal, and −0.0015 along the vertical. Directly decrypted pictures have a Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR) of 56.22 dB, but the suggested approach only manages an embedding capacity of 0.5 bpp (bits per pixel). This may be achieved by decreasing the size of the location map by only 0.02 bpp.

The Influence of Implicit Guarantee on the Yield Spread of China’s Quasi-municipal Bond

Local government debts are an important part of the bond market. This paper mainly investigates the risk that the implicit guarantee brings to the market of quasi-municipal bonds. The implicit guarantee comes from local government financing vehicles (LGFVs), which are the finance entities for the local government, issue quasi-municipal bonds. Because people are potentially thought these bonds are guaranteed by the local government, the funding cost of quasi-municipal bonds is lower than other bonds. However, some local government's ability to pay back the investors' money is weak which causes some high-rated quasi-municipal bonds to default and triggers many defaults, which, along with the local government's mounting debt, may make investors more concerned about its capacity to repay the loan in the event of default. Therefore, China's central government then issues some policies to reduce the effectiveness of implicit government guarantees, trying to make the quasi-municipal bonds turn to become more marketize and contain less guarantee. In this paper, the author initially tries to demonstrate that the implicit guarantee reduces the yield spread of quasi-municipal bonds. Then, the author argues that the issue of relevant policies lessens the implicit guarantee and increases the marketability of quasi-municipal corporate bonds. Lastly, the author tries to show that different administrative levels of LGFVs will affect the yield spread of the bond.

Financial Management Practices and Quality of Financial Governance of Nairobi City County Government, Kenya

The financial statement Auditor General report of Nairobi County Government has had unfavorable audit opinions since the establishment of County Government in 2013. An unfavorable opinion means the auditor has gathered sufficient audit evidence and concluded that the financial statements include material and extensive inaccuracies. This study sought to investigate the effect of financial management practices on quality of financial governance in Nairobi City County Government, Kenya. The study's target population was 425 employees of Nairobi City County Government's finance and economic planning division. Using a stratified random sampling technique, a sample of 85 employees was chosen. Data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results revealed that revenue mobilization strategy, budgetary techniques, financial reporting, and integrated financial management system had a positive and significant influence on quality of financial governance. The study recommended that counties and other local governments should ensure there is sufficient revenue administration and mobilization policies, budgeting, and financial reporting policies as well as proper utilization of integrated financial management system to achieve quality financial governance.

Report on Local Government Finances Determinants: Evidence from Stewardship Perspectives

This study aims to provide empirical findings regarding the determinants of the level of reports of local government finance disclosure in districts/cities in East Java province. Determinants of the level of reports of local government finance disclosure include regional characteristics, complexity, and audit findings which are broken down into independent variables, including regional wealth, level of dependence, total assets, number of local government agencies, population, number of findings, and level of irregularities. The sample in this study was 93 reports on local government finances audited by the Audit Board of the Republic of Indonesia representing East Java Province for the 2017-2019 period (3 years), which were obtained using the purposive sampling method. The analytical method uses multiple linear regression analysis. The results showed that regional wealth and the level of dependence had a negative effect. Total assets positively affected the level of disclosure of financial statements. At the same time, the number of local government agencies, population, number of findings, and level of irregularities did not significantly affect the financial reports of district/city regional governments in East Java province. The central government needs to encourage regional financial transparency, especially for regions with a high local revenue and dependency level.

Financial market imperfections, informality and government spending multipliers

Developing countries are characterized by underdeveloped financial markets and a large share of informal sector in economic activity. Evidence suggests that countries with less developed financial sector have lower government spending multipliers. This paper quantifies government spending multipliers in India using an estimated new-Keynesian DSGE model with two types of entrepreneurs: formal and informal and imperfect financial market. In the model, informal entrepreneurs are financially-excluded and the banking sector is monopolistically competitive featuring collateral constraint and sticky interest rates. Results show that the government consumption multiplier is significantly less than one at all horizons. The government investment multiplier is also significantly less than one at shorter horizons, but becomes approximately one at longer horizons.

IMPACT OF THE LEVEL OF IFRS APPLICATION ON STOCK RETURN: EVIDENCE FROM LISTED MANUFACTURING COMPANIES IN SRI LANKA

Consideration of existing research gap in this area, this research attempts to identify the impact of level of the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) application on stock return in listed manufacturing companies on the Colombo Stock Exchange. Not only this problem, also the past researchers have not paid enough attention to the financial leverage, firm size and government ownership when studying the impact of the stock return. The main objective of this research is to examine the impact of the level of application of IFRS on stock return in Sri Lankan-listed manufacturing companies. In addition to that this study focuses on examining the impact of government ownership, financial leverage and firm size on stock return in Sri Lankan listed manufacturing companies. Population of the investigation is all manufacturing companies in Colombo Stock Exchange during the period of 2017-2021. Entire population is concerned as the sample for the study. Both descriptive and inferential analyses are used to analyze the collected data. According to the findings R square of the regression analysis is 0.22. It is indicating 22% influence on the Level of IFRS Application on Stock Return. Furthermore, it can be concluded that there is a significant impact of level of IFRS on the Stock Return on listed manufacturing companies in Sri Lanka.

The Impact of Crude Oil Price Fluctuations on Indian Economy

Abstract: The importance of Crude Oil has been on a rise in almost every single economy around the world. As economies grow, the requirement of this very vital resource is also fattening at a rapid pace. The Indian economy is rapidly expanding, as is its reliance on crude oil. For the period 2001-02 to 2020-21, the article investigates the reasons for changes in Crude Oil prices, as well as their implications for Indian Economic Development and GDP Growth. Because of the spike in crude prices, India's fuel and diesel prices have reached all-time highs. The current Indian economy is thriving despite rising trade disparities and persistent inflation. The goal of this study is to see how speculation and variations in crude oil prices affect Indian economic development, GDP growth, retail gasoline prices, financial markets (BSE), currency, and government finances. The study looked at how changes in oil prices affect Indian economic development via a variety of networks, including GDP, trade and investment characteristics, and other macroeconomic indicators.

A Comparative Analysis of Social Enterprise in South Korea and Indonesia

Social enterprise (or, institutionally, social business) is a business practice that focuses on social activities in which both market and government fail to deliver social benefit, welfare, justice, and sustainability. Some countries such as South Korea, the United Kingdom, the USA, and others have progressively developed a suitable ecosystem for social enterprise. Indonesia, with its growing social enterprises in society, also needs a suitable and favorable ecosystem to ascertain the progress and sustainability of such enterprises. This study is intended to design a business ecosystem ideal for Indonesia’s social enterprises. It was conducted by comparative analysis of the social enterprise ecosystem in Indonesia and South Korea South Korea is considered a country with the most progressive social enterprises in Asia through a systematic literature review. The comparative analysis result is further analyzed using the BEEP (Babson Entrepreneurship Ecosystem Project) Model. This study shows that there are several significant differences and gaps between Indonesia and South Korea’s business ecosystem for fostering the progress of social enterprises notably in the areas of government policy, finance, and human capital in which Indonesia needs to reflect on developing and fostering her social enterprise ecosystem. The interplay of factors and players of the social business ecosystem in Indonesia will thrive if the government can properly nurture existing social culture, promote proper policies, roll out appropriate and accessible levels of the playing field, and develop a consistent and impartial legal framework. Keywords: social enterprise ecosystem, social business, entrepreneurship ecosystem, systematic literature review

Determinants of performance improvement of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSME) in the border market of North Timor Central District – Timor Leste

This study examines the impact of financial literacy, technological innovation, government support, and subjective norms on the performance of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in the North Central Timor District (TTU)-Timor Leste Border Market. Furthermore, it seeks to identify appropriate strategies for enhancing MSME performance in this region. Both multiple linear regression analysis and descriptive analysis were employed as research methods. The study population included all MSMEs in the TTU District, totaling 693 entities. The researchers employed a purposive sampling technique based on the Slovin formula, selecting 80 respondents as research samples. The findings indicated that technological innovation, government support, and subjective norms significantly affect MSME performance in the TTU-Timor Leste Border Market. To improve the performance of MSMEs, various strategies can be implemented. These encompass the enhancement of financial literacy through training and mentoring programs, adopting e-commerce within the digital economy, and improving human resource quality and product standards. Other strategies include fostering partnerships among institutions, cultivating an investment-friendly bureaucracy, implementing product labeling, establishing legal business associations, and promoting motivation and self-confidence.

FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI KUALITAS INFORMASI LAPORAN KEUANGAN PEMERINTAH DAERAH (Studi pada OPD Kabupaten Deli Serdang)

This study aims to determine the effect of human resource competence, government accounting standards and government internal control systems on the quality of local government financial reporting information. The sampling technique in this study was purposive sampling, namely sampling with certain considerations with a total sample of 93 respondents. Methods of data collection using a questionnaire. The data analysis method used is multiple linear regression. The results of this study indicate that the competence of human resources has an effect positive and significant to the quality of local government financial report information. Government accounting standards have a positive and significant effect on quality of local government financial reporting information. The government's internal control system has a positive and significant effect on the quality of report information local government finances. Competence of human resources, government accounting standards and the government's internal control system simultaneously affect the quality of local government financial report information in Deli Serdang Regency.

Financial Attitude of Sari-Sari Store Owners in Barangay Batinguel Dumaguete City towards Microfinancing

This study investigates the borrowing and financial behavior of microbusiness owners in Barangay Batinguel, Dumaguete City, Negros Oriental, Philippines, focusing on sari-sari store owners. The research aims to determine their demographic profile, borrowing behavior, financial behavior, and the relationship between their demographic profile and financial and borrowing behavior. A descriptive method was employed, utilizing a self-made questionnaire to collect data from 19 registered sari-sari store owners selected through purposive sampling. Results revealed that the majority of respondents were aged 41 years or older, predominantly female, with family incomes of PHP 10,000 or less. Borrowing behavior varied, with most borrowing 1-2 times per year, and loan amounts ranging from PHP 3,000 to above PHP 10,000. Financial behavior assessments showed that respondents demonstrated a moderate level of financial literacy. The analysis indicated that demographic factors, such as age, sex, family income, educational attainment, years of operation, and monthly sales, influenced the financial behavior of the respondents. The study recommends increased access to financial literacy programs for microbusiness owners and the development of tailored financial support policies by financial institutions and government agencies. Future research should explore other factors affecting borrowing and financial behavior and expand the scope of the study to other regions in the Philippines.

Regional capital flow and capital allocation efficiency of high‐tech enterprises in China

AbstractFrom the perspective of capital flow, the study analyses the preference and spatial difference of capital flow of high‐tech enterprises, and uses the Super‐SBM‐DEA model to analyze the capital allocation efficiency. On this basis, the influence of capital flow of financial institutions, capital market, government, and foreign capital flow on capital allocation efficiency is further analyzed. We found the influence of different channels of capital flow on the capital allocation efficiency is heterogeneous. Finally, suggestions are made to optimize capital flow and improve the capital allocation efficiency of high‐tech enterprises in different regions.

Dose Land Negotiation Policy Promote or Suppress Hidden Debts of Local Governments?

Using panel data from 275 prefecture-level cities in China spanning from 2003 to 2019, this paper employs the multiperiod difference-in-differences method to empirically analyze the policy effect of land negotiation policy on local governments’ hidden debt. The paper also investigates the influence mechanisms of land finance, budget soft constraints, fiscal decentralization and government competition. The empirical results reveal that: (1) Land negotiations promote the expansion of local governments’ hidden debt, which is counterproductive to the sustainable development of government finances. (2) The impact of land negotiation policy on local government’s hidden debt is transmitted via its effects on land finance. (3) The greater the degree of soft budget constraint and the degree of government competition, the less the expansion effect of land negotiations on the hidden debt of the government. The greater the degree of fiscal decentralization, the greater the expansion effect of land negotiations on the government’s hidden debt. (4) Land negotiation promotes the expansion of hidden debt in eastern China and inhibits it in central China, with no significant effect observed in western China. (5) Cities with larger urban scale and higher economic development levels experience stronger effects from land negotiation policies. Therefore, it is imperative to deepen the land negotiation system further, develop policy indicators and feedback mechanisms tailored to local conditions, and introduce a multiparty supervision system to enhance implementation of the land negotiation system.

Relevance of increasing the share of winter rye in production crops of Western Siberia

Winter rye, which has many valuable properties, is a very important crop in the grain area. The analysis of long-term data on the size of sown areas of winter rye in Russia shows their rapid decline. In this regard, the example of the “Rye” program, implemented by the Finnish government to promote and increase the consumption of rye flour products, as well as the experience of establishing an information center engaged in educational activities among the population is presented. The state of the State Register of Breeding Achievements Approved for Use in winter rye was considered: it was revealed that domestic breeding varieties accounted for 87.1%, foreign - 12.9%. At the same time, 18 varieties exclusively of domestic breeding were recommended for cultivation in Western Siberia, including four varieties of tetraploid rye. Over the past decade, five varieties of winter rye have been registered in the region. The ratio of the size of sown areas under the crop in the Russian Federation as a whole, the Altai Territory and the Novosibirsk Region is presented. The data for the Novosibirsk region for 2019-2021 on the yield of major winter crops, the volume of sowing of winter rye varieties and the hybrids included in the State Register were analyzed. The situation in the production of winter rye and its products, as well as the prospects for the use of this crop in crop rotations in Western Siberia were studied. Indicators of maximum yield of winter rye varieties and hybrids are given, their advantages and disadvantages are listed. The importance of creating a collection of varieties and hybrids in the region and the need to increase the production of winter rye and its products are justified.

SIMULATION OF PUBLIC ROADSIDE PARKING TARIFFS AS AN EFFORT TO ELEVATE REGIONAL RETRIBUTION

In the Ponorogo Regency RPJMD (Local government medium-term development plan) 2016-2021, the vision and policy direction taken by the local government is to increase people's welfare based on religious and cultural values. Regarding regional taxes and regional retribution (PDRD), regional autonomy can be implemented accurately, broadly, responsibly, and independently for government financing, and regional development can be adequately realized through local own-source revenue (PAD). On local own-source revenue, one of the sources of retribution is the public roadside parking tariff. In this case, Ponorogo Regency has a long road, which requires an effective and efficient parking arrangement. This study, therefore, aims to simulate and analyze parking retribution in Ponorogo Regency. The research method used descriptive quantitative and was carried out in several parking zones in Ponorogo Regency. The simulation employed a comparison between fixed, progressive, incidental, and a combination of the three. The simulation results uncovered that weekday retribution includes a fixed tariff at 21.38%, the combined tariff at 32.08%, and the incidental tariff at 46.52% of the total retribution revenues. On weekdays, there was a potential difference between fixed and combined tariffs of 10.69%, and the difference in potential retribution between combined and incidental tariffs was 14.44%. In addition, the parking tariff retribution during incidental activities revealed a fixed tariff of 21.43%, a combined tariff of 32.14%, and an incidental tariff of 46.41% of the total retribution revenues for incidental activities. The difference in potential retribution during incidental activities between fixed and combined tariffs was 10.71% and between combined and incidental tariffs was 14.27%.

Pengaruh Kompetensi Sumber Daya Manusia, Sistem Pengendalian Intern Dan Pemanfaatan Teknologi Informasi Terhadap Kualitas Laporan Keuangan Pemerintah Daerah Kabupaten Badung

Human resource expertise, internal control mechanisms, and IT usage all helped improve Badung Regency's financial reporting. This research examines if Human Resources Expertise, Internal Control Mechanisms, and IT affect Badung Regency's consolidated financial statements. This study examines how Badung Regency's HR, Internal Control Mechanisms, and IT affect government finances. Based on a survey of 182 OPD financial staff in Badung Regency. 72 representative samples were chosen using "purposeful sampling" Quantitative approaches and original data are used. Multiple regression analysis, tests of linearity and independence, and F and t tests are employed. HR expertise, the Internal Control Mechanisms, and IT favorably enhance the quality of finance statements given by the Badung Regency administration, according to this research. Badung's Administration.