Government Efforts Research Articles

Modelling and forecasting Masvingo Province maternal mortality using time series models

In light of the Zimbabwean government's efforts, particularly through the Ministry of Health and Child Care (MoHCC), to reduce maternal mortality rates and achieve the aim of Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) number three, target one (SDG 3.1), which aims to reduce the global maternal mortality rate to fewer than 70 deaths per 100,000 live births, maternal mortality rates in Zimbabwe continue to rise. Time series techniques were used to model and predict quarterly maternal mortality statistics for Masvingo Province from January 2014 to December 2021. The time plot analysis revealed significant fluctuations in mortality, with the highest rates of maternal deaths recorded in 2018. The application of the Box-Jenkins methodology identified the ARIMA(2, 1, 1) model as the most suitable for modeling and forecasting quarterly maternal deaths among the fitted models. The suitability of the model was validated by the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC), and its forecast accuracy was confirmed by the Mean Absolute Error (MAE) and the root mean square error (RMSE). Consequently, it was used to project future maternal deaths. The projected values indicate a slight increase in quarterly mortality rates during the period, but there appears to be a relatively stable trend with moderate fluctuations, suggesting that Zimbabwe has not met the targets of SDG 3.1. These results underscore the need to re-assess current intervention programs aimed at reducing maternal mortality. The findings of the study could guide the refinement of existing strategies and the implementation of innovative solutions to urgently address unacceptably high mortality rates. Using statistical models such as the one used in this study, the Ministry of Health and Child Care (MoHCC) can make informed decisions in the health sector and implement effective interventions to combat maternal mortality.

Juridical Analysis of the Implementation of the Floating Toilet Eradication Program in Martapura River: Case Study of the South Kalimantan Provincial Government

This research evaluates the efforts of the South Kalimantan Provincial Government in eliminating floating latrines in the Martapura River. A normative approach is employed, examining laws, government regulations, and local policies underpinning the floating latrine eradication program, as well as analyzing its implementation and impact on the environment. The prevalent use of floating latrines by the community has led to river water pollution and exacerbated sanitation conditions along riverbank settlements. The innovative "Gebrak’s" program initiated by the Banjar Regency since 2016 aims to improve sanitation and public health by eliminating floating latrines. However, until 2023, although the program successfully removed over a thousand floating latrines, paradoxically, some residents in the area have reconstructed them. This has resulted in approximately 8,000 floating latrines still existing in South Kalimantan, posing a significant challenge to achieving Healthy City status and Open Defecation Free (ODF) status by 2025. Hence, collaboration between the government, the community, and relevant government agencies is crucial to improving environmental quality and public health in riverbank areas.

Analysis of the Effectiveness of Based Public Services Information and Communication Technology (ICT)

This research is entitled: Analysis of the Effectiveness of Public Services Based on Information and Communication Technology (ICT): Study of the National Public Service Complaint Management System for People's Online Aspiration and Complaint Services (SP4N LAPOR) at the Communication and Information Service of the Riau Islands Province. The aim of the research is to determine the effectiveness of public services that utilize information and communication technology (ICT) with the SP4N LAPOR Application service at the Riau Islands Province Communication and Informatics Service (Diskominfo). The SP4N LAPOR Application is an application that can be used for category purposes. reporting in the form of aspirations and appreciation, as well as requests for public information and complaints and reports in the reporting completion category. and one of the government's efforts to provide high-quality public services for the community. In measuring the level of program effectiveness, researchers used Champbel theory (in Mutiarin and Arif, 2014). Also this research is descriptive in nature by applying qualitative methods. Informants were determined by applying purposive sampling techniques. In data collection, research instruments were used, including field observations and interviews with several informants. Then documentation studies are used for the documents in the research. Meanwhile, data analysis techniques are carried out through data reduction, displaying data and drawing conclusions on research that has been carried out. In the research results, it was found that the effectiveness of ICT- based public services with the SP4N LAPOR application in the Riau Islands Province Communication and Information Service (Diskominfo) was running quite effectively, although there were a number of obstacles, including limited reliability human resources in the field of information technology and obstacles. others in the form of the Riau Islands Provincial Government, especially Diskominfo, do not yet have an Information and Communication Technology (ICT) master plan and an Electronic Based Service System (SPBE) architecture.

Suboptimal micronutrient intake among children aged 6 to 23 months in Ethiopia: Further analysis of the demographic and health survey.

The recommended essential micronutrient such as food rich in vitamin-A or iron, multiple micronutrient powder or iron supplement, routine daily consumption of iodine, and vitamin-A supplement are deficient among children in Ethiopia. This has been a significant public health problem despite the government efforts. Although few studies have examined the micronutrient intake among children, they are limited in scope and methodological measurements. Analyzing the micronutrient intake among children across all regions and leveraging all essential micronutrient elements are crucial for generating improved evidence to better inform policy. Thus, we examined the micronutrient intake among children aged 6 to 23 months in Ethiopia. We used data from the Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey. A two-stage stratified sampling technique was employed, and 1392 children aged 6 to 23 months were included in our analysis. We conducted a multilevel mixed-effect binary logistic regression analysis to identify determinants of micronutrient intake. In the final model, we used a p-value of less than 0.05 and Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) with their 95% confidence interval (CI). We found that only 27.6% (95% CI: 26.8-31.6) of children aged 6 to 23 months were received the recommended micronutrients in Ethiopia. We identified that maternal educational status (Educated mothers (AOR = 2.09, 95%CI:1.23-3.58)), health facility delivery (AOR = 2.14, 95%CI:1.42-2.98), household wealth status (middle quantile (AOR = 1.80, 95%CI:1.01-3.21)), children's age (12 to 23 months age (AOR = 2.36, 95% CI: 1.33-4.21)), and mother's exposure to media (AOR = 1.70, 95%CI: 1.42-2.04) were increased micronutrient intake, whereas residing in the rural communities (AOR = 0.27, 95%CI: 0.21-0.34) decreased micronutrient intake. Nearly three-fourths of children aged 6 to 23 months did not receive the recommended essential micronutrients in Ethiopia. Therefore, there is a need to broaden strategies aimed at enhancing the intake by improving information and knowledge dissemination among mothers during facility visits and through media channels.

An Overview of Drug-Related Criminal Acts as Extraordinary Crimes in Indonesia

Indonesia is a nation that has unfortunately become a target for drug trafficking, resulting in a growing number of drug-related crimes each year. To address drug crime in Indonesia, the government has issued Law No. 35 of 2009 on Narcotics and Law No. 5 of 1997 on Psychotropic. The Indonesian government's efforts to eradicate drugs crime have not been successful. This study employs a qualitative research design with a normative approach. Our study revealed that law enforcement has been considereed optimal due to the government's establishment of the National Narcotics Agency (BNN) as a specialized, independent institution with broader authority than other law enforcement agencies. The 2009 Narcotics Law, specifically Law No. 35, establishes strict penalties for drug abuse, which can include imprisonment, additional punishment, or even the death penalty

Knowledge and flood management behavior of the older people and their families at the selected flood-prone villages in East Jakarta

Older people are identified as a vulnerable group in disaster. There should be more focus on their capacities and needs. Yet, there are limited studies on flood knowledge, family support, and emergency response plans affecting older people's flood-management practices. The study aimed to examine the correlation between sociodemographic characteristics; knowledge of Disasters Resilience Family Program (KATANA), disasters, and floods; family support; and the emergency response plans in flood management. This study employed a quantitative approach and utilized a cross-sectional research design. It involved 105 participants selected using simple random sampling. The study found that (1) knowledge of KATANA, disasters, and floods remained relatively low; (2) older persons' practices before floods differed by age and gender, and practices after a flood varied by employment status; (3) family support for older people facing a flood was relatively poor; (4) emergency response plan vary based on education, gender, marital status, and family type; (5) older people with good knowledge of KATANA, disasters, and floods were 5.79 times more likely to be well-practiced in flood management than those who had not (OR = 5.79, p = 0.000). These findings suggest increasing older peoples' knowledge of KATANA, disasters, and floods through disaster-preparedness training and simulating government and civil society mitigation efforts to strengthen older individuals' disaster resilience. At the governmental level, detailed, comprehensive, and realistic actions in disaster management, especially targeted at older people, should be put in the New Disasters Rules for 2024 by the Indonesian National Disasters Management Agency.

Challenging the Boundaries Between Treatment, Prevention, and Enhancement in Human Genome Editing.

Traditional distinctions between treatment and enhancement goals for human genome editing (HGE) have animated oversight considerations, yet these categories have been complicated by the addition of prevention as a possible target for HGE applications. To assess the role these three categories might play in continued HGE governance efforts, we report on interviews with genome editing scientists and governance group members. While some accepted traditional distinctions between treatment and enhancement and rejected the latter as unacceptable, others argued that the concept of enhancement is largely irrelevant or not as morally problematic as suggested. Others described how preventive goals for HGE create gray zones where prevention and enhancement may be difficult to distinguish, which may stymie uses of HGE. We conclude by discussing the governance implications of these various understandings of treatment, prevention, and enhancement as HGE research moves beyond the treatment of serious disease to embrace longer range preventive goals.

UPROOTING A CULTURE OF GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE IN SOUTH AFRICA: CRITICAL APPROACHES TO BAIL, POLICING AND AWARENESS

Gender-based violence (GBV) is a serious and systemic problem in South Africa. The government has attempted to address the problem by introducing several initiatives including sexual offences courts, and various laws aimed at protecting women and children. However, the recent reform is not sufficient. Only a limited number of bail reforms were introduced. This article proposes several additional bail reforms aimed at protecting women and children against GBV. Also, more proactive measures need to be undertaken to reduce GBV. This includes reform in the South African Police Service (SAPS) and awareness campaigns. These initiatives are important because they target GBV at its roots. First, the article provides a brief overview of the culture of GBV and the efforts of the South African government to curb it. This is followed by an analysis of how bail proceedings can be amended to have a greater impact on GBV prevention. The article then analyses proactive measures geared towards improving the role of the SAPS, and promoting awareness campaigns to combat the scourge of GBV.

Diaspora and development: The IOM's role in diaspora mapping in Bosnia and Herzegovina

AbstractDiaspora governance strategies are part of an increasingly vibrant academic and policy debate. International organisations play a significant role in promoting diaspora institutions, collaborating with home states, diaspora communities, and other stakeholders. In post‐conflict states, the involvement, and evolving roles of international organisations, among a variety of actors in diaspora institution building, is implicit but has been underresearched. This article analyses a diaspora mapping exercise led by the IOM to demonstrate how an institutional logics perspective can help to better understand how such processes unfold. Taking an organisational perspective, it sheds light on the interplay among international organisations, state agencies, local government, and individual actors in diaspora and development. By focusing on Bosnia and Herzegovina, the study offers insights into the challenges and opportunities in diaspora engagement in post‐conflict countries. It underscores the need for further research and the long‐term implications of international organisations' efforts in diaspora development programs and diaspora governance.

Analysis of The Implementation of Inclusive Education Policy in Indonesia : A Literature Review

This literature review aims to analyze the implementation of inclusive education policies from early childhood education to higher education in Indonesia. Articles were selected through a screening process from 2015-2022. The review was conducted on an online database found on Google Scholar. There were 9 articles reviewed based on the inclusion criteria. Based on the results of the literature review, it was found that inclusive education is an innovative and strategic educational approach to expand access to education for all children with special needs at all levels of education. The inclusive education model has been supported by stakeholders, but in practice there are still various barriers that come from teachers, schools, parents, special education experts and the government. However, the evaluation of inclusive education revealed positive impacts such as increased public awareness and understanding of inclusive education, government efforts to increase the number of educators and improve their quality, and improved accessibility of public facilities for people with disabilities. Recommendations are also provided, especially regarding regulations governing the improvement of educators' competencies, socialization for subject teachers, community support and arrangements for funding the implementation of inclusive education in Indonesia.

An Autonomous Implantable Device for the Prevention of Death from Opioid Overdose.

Opioid overdose accounts for nearly 75,000 deaths per year in the United States, representing a leading cause of mortality amongst the prime working age population (25-54 years). At overdose levels, opioid-induced respiratory depression becomes fatal without timely administration of the rescue drug naloxone. Currently, overdose survival relies entirely on bystander intervention, requiring a nearby person to discover and identify the overdosed individual, and have immediate access to naloxone to administer. Government efforts have focused on providing naloxone in abundance but do not address the equally critical component for overdose rescue: a willing and informed bystander. To address this unmet need, we developed the Naloximeter: a class of life-saving implantable devices that autonomously detect and treat overdose, with the ability to simultaneously contact first-responders. We present three Naloximeter platforms, for both fundamental research and clinical translation, all equipped with optical sensors, drug delivery mechanisms, and a supporting ecosystem of technology to counteract opioid-induced respiratory depression. In small and large animal studies, the Naloximeter rescues from otherwise fatal opioid overdose within minutes. This work introduces life-changing, clinically translatable technologies that broadly benefit a susceptible population recovering from opioid use disorder.

Application of The Tri Core Breastfeeding Model Using Audiovisual-Based E-Modules to Increase The Motivation Of Working Mothers in Exclusive Breastfeeding in The Working Area of The Wonoayu Sidoarjo Health Center

The tri core breastfeeding model is a health education model for breastfeeding mothers that includes three main aspects: lactation education, self-efficacy or increased confidence in breastfeeding mothers, and support from the surrounding environment. The importance of increasing self-confidence when breastfeeding, especially in working mothers, is something that needs to be considered. The government's efforts to increase exclusive breastfeeding coverage are contained in Government Regulation No.33/2012 on breastfeeding. This study aims to analyze the application of tri core breastfeeding models using audiovisual-based e-modules to increase the motivation of working mothers in exclusive breastfeeding. This study used a quasy experiment method with a non-equivalent control group design. The intervention group (18 people) used e-modules, while the control group used e-leaflets (18 people). The results of this study obtained ρvalue 0.000 < α = 0.05. It can be concluded that there is a significant difference between the use of audiovisual-based e-module media and e-leaflets on increasing motivation for exclusive breastfeeding in working mothers. Data analysis in this study used marginal homogeneity test and mann whitney test. The application of tri core breastfeeding models using audiovisual-based e-modules is expected to be able to increase exclusive breastfeeding coverage in working mothers.

Analysis of the Application of Green Manufacturing with the Concept of Water Recycle System to Reduce the Use of Clean Water at Pt. Karton Cikarang

The carton packaging industry has potential and advantages that can be used to maintain and develop business operational activities, one of the potentials is liquid waste left over from the production process, as an efficiency measure and a long-term business, sustainable energy is needed as an effort to apply efficiency and effort for the survival of mankind. The purpose of this research is to find the root cause of the high use of clean water in the production process and design the reuse of recycled water in the production department so that it can reduce the use of clean water, and can implement the concept of green manufacturing at PT. Karton Cikarang. This research is quantitative using the Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) method which allows to identify and prevent the occurrence of problems in products and processes. Based on the research conducted, it is known that the percentage of clean water use in the production department is divided into 3 parts, namely converting machines (57%), corrugator machines (27%) and finishing machines (16%) which means that the use of clean water is mostly used by converting machines and the least water use is used by finishing machines. PT. Karton Cikarang has complied with wastewater quality standards set by the government, management and monitoring efforts are also carried out to create environmental protection for humans and life in the future.

Vaksinasi dan Digitalisasi Komunikasi Kesehatan (Studi Fenomenologi Interpretatif atas Pemahaman Pengguna Platform PeduliLindungi di Yogyakarta)

The development of “PeduliLindungi” Application is one of the government's efforts to respond to the COVID-19 pandemic. The government designed this application to track and detect the potential spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus so that it does not spread further. Recording vaccinations, history oaf exposure to viruses, and personal health status in this application is personal data that can be used stakeholders related to getting an idea of a person's condition or health status. The “PeduliLindungi” application become a real picture of the progress of digital-based health communication. Using this application during the Covid-19 pandemic has become an obligation for everyone if they want to access public services. Through an Interpretative Phenomenology analytical study approach developed from the ideas of Georg Gadamer's Hermeneutics, researchers attempt to explore further the understanding and meaning of the use of “PeduliLindungi” application in implementing the vaccination program as a mitigation measure for handling the Covid-19 outbreak in the city of Yogyakarta. The target subjects of this research are all user of “PeduliLindungi” application in Yogyakarta. The users of “PeduliLindungi” application, especially those survivors who have been infected with Covid-19. The research results show that there is a tendency for the subject's understanding of “Peduli Lindungi” application development only as an instrument of health communication with all the ethical risk consequences therein. The use of applications is more related to procedural formalities and is not based on awareness of choice because health aspects are fully considered. Communication in the “PeduliLindungi” application could be said that it has not yet formed an understanding but is limited to being a means of control over the individual's body.

Vessel Monitoring System (VMS) Technology as a Management Strategy for Longline Tuna Capture Fisheries in Benoa

Benoa Port has fishing vessel activities that are the foundation of Bali's tuna swamp fisheries (longlines). Sustainable tuna capture fisheries will be impossible to attain if the number of infractions in the marine and fisheries sectors continues to rise. The government's efforts to reduce infractions in marine and fisheries are achieved through tightening the oversight system. The Vessel Monitoring System (VMS) surveillance system was created to reduce breaches in the marine and fishery sectors. The goal of this study is to determine the monitoring and suspected indication of violations of longlines using the VMS at the Benoa PSDKP as well as to learn about the capture fisheries management strategy using VMS data on longlines at Benoa Port using an analytic hierarchy process (AHP) approach. This study used a qualitative-quantitative descriptive technique with AHP analysis to determine the value of the management priority scale. Based on the findings of monitoring longlines with web tracks from January to December 2022, the most targeted fishing area was the Indian Ocean High Seas, and the most prominent suspected indication of violation was the inactivity of VMS when the vessel was operating. The main approach for managing capture fisheries utilizing VMS data on longlines in Benoa Port with the AHP analysis is for the government to offer subsidies for installing VMS on all fishing vessels, particularly those under 30 GT.

The Future of the Yuan: Measuring the "Power" of Renminbi (RMB)

Money is one of the most important “creatures” of the state. It has both soft and hard power at the same time. The power of a country can be seen from the strength of its currency exchange rate and its spread, and it is found that the use of Yuan has increased significantly, especially in trade between China and its trading partners. This is driven by various factors, such as the Chinese government's policy to promote the internationalization of Yuan, the establishment of an offshore Yuan market in Hong Kong, and Yuan's role in the Belt and Road Initiative. Although the Yuan is not yet a global reserve currency, this article concludes that the Yuan's Power as Hard Power and Soft Power is increasing, and the Yuan has strong potential to play a greater role in the international monetary system in the future, supported by China's economic growth and the government's efforts to increase its use globally.

Development of the "main grounds of rules" for public municipal administration of capital cities and Odesa

This study is dedicated to exploring the practice of building a local self-government system in the Russian Empire, which differed from the European experience. This system was created exclusively through the government's initiatives and efforts, with minimal public intervention. The combination of methodological approaches to solving the set tasks relied precisely on the historical dimension. Combined with a functional approach, it allowed for reconstructing a systematic picture of the researched subject. This way, government measures were analysed to develop the "main grounds of rules" for public urban administration of capital cities and Odesa. Special attention was paid to the differences in the Regulation on the Public Order of the City of Odesa regarding implementing the principle of all-class inclusiveness and independence in public administration. Given the urgency of the problem of self-government for society, it was highly politicised, especially by Soviet historiography, and was far from impartial research. Therefore, the authors aimed to provide an unbiased view of the legislative process. Prospects for further research lie in seeking ways to return the self-governing traits genetically inherent to Ukrainians and to build Ukrainian statehood based on the dominance of local self-government in the political-organisational and institutional-functional aspects.

USERS’ SATISFACTION WITH INTERCITY BUS TERMINAL QUALITY IN LAGOS STATE, NIGERIA

Globally, efficient intercity public transport relies on well-designed and high-quality terminal facilities and services to enhance accessibility, mobility, and safety for passengers and freight. Despite governmental efforts, bus terminals in Nigerian urban areas are becoming hotspots for unregulated activities and traffic chaos. In response, this study investigates users’ satisfaction with Lagos State's intercity bus terminal quality, analysing socio-economic profiles, satisfaction levels with quality of terminal facilities (QoTF) and services (QoTS), and challenges impacting terminal operations. Using a cross-sectional survey, 200 questionnaires were distributed to terminal users, employing a multistage sampling technique. Descriptive (weighted mean analysis) and inferential (multiple linear regression [MLR] analysis) statistics were employed for data analysis. Results indicate that the majority of respondents are male, aged below 40, and permanent terminal users. Satisfaction is noted with 13 out of 24 parameters of QoTF, with top-ranking parameters including parking space, restaurant facilities, and waste disposal facilities. However, dissatisfaction is expressed with 8 out of 14 parameters of QoTS. Least-satisfied QoTS parameters include staff attitudes, passenger safety, and bus service reliability. Top-rated challenges affecting terminal operations are security concerns, sanitation facility deficiencies and insufficient passenger amenities. MLR analysis indicates a significant influence of terminal facilities on overall service satisfaction (F= 2.899, p= 0.000 <0.05). In conclusion, enhancing both terminal facilities and services is crucial for efficient operations in Lagos State's bus terminals. Recommendations include improving security measures, sanitary infrastructure and staff training to address user concerns and enhance satisfaction.

Assessing the Acceptability and Applicability of Accounting Software by Civil Society Organizations in Bauchi Metropolis

This paper examines the level of acceptability and applicability of accounting software’s by civil society organizations within Bauchi Metropolis. Civil society organizations/Non-governmental organizations support government effort and contribute to make life better for the people in their domain by complementing government efforts in improving the quality of living standards of the populace. In recent times, the issue of accountability and transparency have taken center stage in public discourse as to the management of funds and resources by CSOs officials. This issue calls for donors and stakeholders attention on the acceptability and applicability of accounting softtwares to manage their financial transactions in conformity to the international best practices. The population consists of 30 CSOs/NGOs operating within Bauchi Metropolis, Census sampling technique were adopted, primary data was used as questionnaires were distributed and retrieved with the help of research assistants, null hypotheses was rejected as the chi-square (X2) analysis shows the calculated chi-square Xis 7.322 greater than the tabulated chi-square X 3.841 at 5% significance level i.e X X.The findings shows that finance and accounts staffs including accountants do not show passion in accepting and applying accounting software to conduct financial transactions in their CSOs and still apply manual methods of recording financial transactions which do not conform to the best accounting ractice. The study conclude that there is lack of positive attitude on the part of staffs to accept and apply accounting software in to use in their CSOs/NGOs.

MALAYSIAN ENTREPRENEUR’S TECHNOLOGY ADOPTION

Entrepreneurship is a part of social science, and it has many definitions. An entrepreneur is a person who actively seeks out change, adapts to it, and seizes the chance it presents as an opportunity. An entrepreneur has the capacity and aptitude to create and bring together all the production factors. Nowadays, entrepreneurs must utilize the internet and technology to widely promote their goods or services. They must be competitive, able to survive, and relevant in the business world; they must also be astute enough to grasp the digital platform and use it as one of their most powerful marketing tools. The development of technology in business has helped to open various new opportunities for entrepreneurs. In recent years, the use of digital technology has become increasingly prevalent in the business world, in addition to the outbreak of the covid 19 pandemic, causing a high reliance on digital technology in business. Digital technology and artificial intelligence have had a significant impact on entrepreneurial activities around the world. However, a substantial majority of business owners in Malaysia see the significance of technology in the administration of their companies; moreover, only a tiny percentage of these business owners incorporate technology into their operations. Due to that, education and digital knowledge sharing for entrepreneurs also need to be developed rapidly in line with the country's demands to be better prepared to face the real challenges of the entrepreneurial world, especially in the current industry, which is constantly increasing. This concept paper focuses on the relationship between technology and entrepreneurship, the study of previous literature on the relationship between entrepreneurs and digital technology, government efforts, and the well-being and development of entrepreneurs in Malaysia.