Government Efforts Research Articles

Willingness to pay for crime reduction: The role of information in the Americas

Crime levels are a perennial development problem in Latin America and a renewed concern in the United States. At the same time, trust in the police has been falling, and questions abound about citizens’ willingness to support government efforts to fight crime. We conduct a survey experiment to elicit willingness to contribute toward reducing crime across five Latin American countries and the United States. We compare homicide, robbery, and theft estimates and find a higher willingness to contribute to more severe crimes and for higher crime reductions. In addition, we examine the role of information on the willingness to contribute by conducting two experiments. While we document an 11 percent gap in willingness to pay for crime reduction between people who under and over-estimate the murder rate, we find that this gap can be wholly eliminated by informing respondents about the actual level of crime. We also show that exposing respondents to crime-related news increases their willingness to pay by 5 percent. On average, our estimates suggest that households are willing to contribute around $152 per year for a 20 percent reduction in homicide, representing an increase in security spending between 15 and 65 percent in Latin American countries (up to 0.5 percent of GDP).

The Role of Entrepreneurship Training on Business Sustainability (Study on MSMEs Fostered by Rumah BUMN Bandung)

The sustainability of Bandung City MSMEs businesses is an important factor in reducing the problem of unemployment levels and improving the economy of Bandung City. Rumah BUMN Bandung is one of the government's efforts to support the sustainability of Bandung City MSMEs businesses. This research aims to find out how much influence entrepreneurship training has on the business sustainability of MSMEs fostered by Rumah BUMN Bandung. This research focuses on 96 MSMEs fostered by Rumah BUMN Bandung who have actively participated in training, programs or events at Rumah BUMN Bandung at least 3 times. This study using survey method with a descriptive and verification quantitative approach. Data collection was carried out through distributing questionnaires and literature studies. The data analysis technique for this research uses simple linear regression analysis. In Addition, t-test and coefficient of determination were used to test the influence of entrepreneurship training on business sustainability. This research shows that Entrepreneurship Training can influence around 79.3% of the sustainability of UMKN businesses guided by Rumah BUMN Bandung, while 20.7% of the sustainability of UMKM businesses fostered by Rumah BUMN Bandung can be influenced by other factors such as managerial, innovative aspects and external support.

Determinants of Fertility in Arid Regions of Kenya: A Case of Westpokot County

The world's population has continued to increase and is expected to reach 10.8 billion by 2025. Population growth has negative consequences, including unemployment, food insecurity, and poor quality of life. The Kenyan government has implemented programs over the years aimed at reducing fertility, leading to a reduction in total fertility from 8.2 in the 1970s to 3.9 in 2014. However, counties in the arid and semi-arid regions of Kenya have recorded instances of a rise in fertility, derailing the government's efforts to reduce population and improve quality of life. This study, therefore, investigated the determinants of fertility in West Pokot County and the sociodemographic drivers of fertility. The study used a Poisson regression to analyze the estimates and found that a woman's education had a significant impact on the fertility rate in West Pokot. Women with secondary and tertiary education were more likely to have fewer children than women with no formal education. These findings corroborate previous studies, such as those by Kwame (2002) [35] and Longwe et al. (2012) [37], which also observed that women with higher levels of education tend to have fewer children. The study's recommendations emphasize the continued advocacy for girl-child education as a means of reducing the fertility rate in Kenya. Investing in girls' education, particularly at the secondary and tertiary levels, can empower women, delay marriage and childbearing, and ultimately contribute to the government's efforts to manage population growth and improve the quality of life for its citizens. By addressing the educational disparities and promoting access to higher education for women in the arid and semi-arid regions of Kenya, policymakers can leverage this key determinant of fertility to achieve more sustainable population dynamics and development outcomes.

Penyuluhan Dan Safari Keluarga Berencana Dalam Meningkatakan Penggunaan KB Implan Dan Iud Di Klinik Pratama Elvi Diana Kecamatan Medan Johor, Kota Medan Tahun 2024

Background: Uncontrolled population growth will have many negative impacts. The central government and regional governments have made efforts to reduce the large population growth rate. The government's efforts include socializing two children through the Family Planning program. Intrauterine Device (IUD) is a contraceptive device that is good for women. This tool is very effective and does not need to be remembered every day like birth control pills and birth control injections every month or every three months. For mothers who breastfeed, the IUD does not affect breast milk, the flow or level of breast milk (ASI). Meanwhile, an implant is a type of contraception in the form of an implant made from a type of silastic rubber containing hormones, installed in the upper arm. The implant can be used for a long term of 5 years and is reversible. The advantages of contraception are high effectiveness, implant failure rate, 1 per 100 women per year in the first 5 years, low user failure, once installed there is no need to remember anything. The implant contains levonorgestrel which is a progesterone hormone (Hasliana, 2020). The aim of this community service program (PKM) is to increase the use of implant contraception and IUD contraception at the Pratama Elvi Diana Clinic in 2024. The method used is that counseling on targets is carried out orally. The results are based on the results of the service implementation. Participants in this activity were PUS who visited the Pratama Elvi Diana Clinic totaling 42 people.

Sektor Pariwisata Indonesia di Tengah Pandemi Covid 19

In recent years, the contribution of the tourism sector has increased significantly, however at the beginning of 2020 the world was shaken by the presence of the Covid-19 virus outbreak. The President of Indonesia, Joko Widodo issued an instruction namely Large-Scale Social Restrictions (PSBB). Ban all countries or cities most affected by COVID-19 from entering their border areas. This research was conducted to see the condition of tourism in Indonesia in the midst of the Covid-19 pandemic and the steps taken by the government to restore the tourism sector using library research methods. The government through the Ministry of Tourism and Creative Economy (Kemenkarekraf) has taken several policy steps to improve the tourism sector and creative economy. The government is preparing another program, namely preparing a tourism grant fund program with a total budget of up to Rp. 3.3 trillion as the government's effort to maintain the economic sustainability of the tourism sector. Increasing exports and digitizing the marketing of creative economy products (Ekraf) are among the government's steps, so it is hoped that it can restore national tourism.

How do supply- and demand-side dynamics and subsidies affect the prospects for electric vehicle battery swapping services? Evidence from an evolutionary analysis

The growing adoption of electric vehicles has highlighted the challenges associated with charging services. Slow charging has proven insufficient to address users’ concerns about range anxiety, and the constraints within the power grid have impeded the expansion of fast charging infrastructure. Battery-swapping services have emerged as a potential resolution to this predicament. Despite government efforts to promote the advancement of battery-swapping services, the market’s future remains to be determined. This study develops a network-based three-decision evolutionary game model to analyze the diffusion of battery-swapping services, considering subsidies along with supply- and demand-side dynamics. The result shows that: (1) Battery-swapping services win out in performance, and Charging Station (CS) only providing charging service will be gradually squeezed out by Battery Swapping Station (BSS) and Battery Charging-Swapping Station (BCSS). (2) It is more effective to subsidize station builders than users. Besides, avoiding over-subsidizing to prevent wastage and providing long-term subsidies for station builders are recommended, while user subsidies can be gradually phased out. (3) The charging/battery-swapping service price in the early stage exhibits a U-shaped effect on the decline of CS market share. (4) Proactively promoting the benefits of battery-swapping services can be a nudge.

Hubungan Pendidikan Agama Kristen dan Budi Pekerti dengan Etika Kepribadian Siswa Siswi Kelas VII SMP Negeri 4 Balige Kabupaten Toba Tahun 2024

Christian Religious Education and Ethics is the government's effort through education to have a good impact on students' personality ethics. However, in the development of today's times, the ethics of students' personalities are getting worse so that they cause deviations. That is what makes the author feel interested and encouraged to conduct research on the relationship between Christian Religious Education and Ethics with the personality ethics of SMP Negeri 4 Balige students in 2024. This study aims to determine the relationship between Christian Religious Education and Ethics with the personality ethics of students in grade VIII of SMP Negeri 4 Balige in 2024. The research method used is a quantitative approach with inferential statistical data analysis. The population in this study is all grade VIII students of SMP Negeri 4 Balige which totals 208 students consisting of seven classes. Sampling in this study uses the probability sampling technique, which provides the same opportunity for each population to be selected as a sample member. The sample of this study was 62 people. The results of the research obtained using the r test are r_(count) > r_(table), which is 0.658 > 0.254 and the t-test t_(count) > t_(table), which is 6.769 > 2,000, it shows that there is a strong, positive and significant relationship between Christian Religious Education and Ethics and the personality ethics of students in grade VIII of SMP Negeri 4 Balige in 2024. In the determination coefficient test, data results of 43.3% were obtained which could be explained by Christian Religious Education and Ethics, while 56.7% were explained by other variables that were not researched by the researcher. This study is a recommendation for future researchers to research other variables related to student personality ethics using research methods and data collection tools that are more optimal.

Social Citizenship And Urban Community Participation

Jakarta City as a representation of major city in Indonesia with the highest positive patients infected with covid 19. Various attempts were made by the central and regional governments to break the spread of pandemic covid 19, one of which was to impose Large Scale Social Restrictions (PSBB). However, efforts to overcome government efforts do not seem to be balanced with public awareness to be involved in implementing regulations and to be part of efforts to cope with the spread pandemic covid 19 and recovery. Based on these facts, this study tries to identify the presence or absence of citizenship, the types of citizenship that exist in the people of DKI Jakarta and what efforts can be made to activate citizenship in Jakarta. In the PSBB situation the research method is carried out using a mixed method (quantitative and qualitative) using a questionnaire and in-depth interviews through digital media. The results showed that the type of citizenship that exists in the people of DKI Jakarta at the moment is passive citizenship. However, the results of this study also indicate the potential for community participation that show great potential to build or strengthen social solidarity and capital. It is therefore important to encourage the transformation of activation from passive citizenship into active citizenship including institutional strengthening, so that citizens not only have citizenship rights, but at the same must be obliged to engage in various efforts to overcome the pandemic and recovery after the pandemic occurred.

Temporal and spatial characteristics of carbon emissions from cultivated land use and their influencing factors: A case study of the Yangtze River Delta region

This study focuses on the Yangtze River Delta region and employs spatial analysis and geographically and temporally weighted regression (GTWR) to explore the temporal and spatial characteristics of carbon emissions from cultivated land use and their influencing factors. The findings indicate that carbon emissions from cultivated land use in the Yangtze River Delta generally show a decreasing trend, but there has been a significant increase in Anhui Province, mainly due to government efforts to promote agricultural development. Additionally, the spatial distributions of carbon emissions from cultivated land use clearly differ in terms of proximity, with changing temporal and spatial patterns. (1) From 2005 to 2020, there were significant spatial differences in the carbon emission intensity from cultivated land use across the Yangtze River Delta. The emission intensities in the southern areas were generally higher than those in the northeastern and central regions, whereas the western areas presented lower emission intensities. (2) The carbon emission intensity from cultivated land use in the Yangtze River Delta exhibited significant spatial proximity, meaning that neighboring areas had similar emission intensities, presenting a continuous distribution pattern. Contiguous distributions were also observed in parts of northern Anhui, central Jiangsu, and southeastern Zhejiang. (3) The carbon emission intensity from cultivated land use in the Yangtze River Delta showed a trend of high-intensity reductions and low-intensity increases over time and space. The level of agricultural development, scale of farmland management, types of crops planted, income levels of rural residents, intensity of agricultural machinery input, and strength of agricultural financial support significantly impact carbon emissions from cultivated land use. The results provide important references and a theoretical basis for the management and regulation of agricultural carbon emissions in the Yangtze River Delta region.

Kekuasaan Pemerintah dalam Menangani Kekeringan di Kecamatan Sabu Liae, Kabupaten Sabu Raijua Ditinjau dari Undang-Undang Nomor 17 Tahun 2019 Tentang Sumber Daya Air

This research aims (1) to find out the regulation of the authority of the Sabu Raijua Regency Government in dealing with drought, and (2) to find out the government's efforts in dealing with drought in Sabu Raijua Regency. and (3) to find out the factors that hinder government efforts in dealing with drought in Sabu Liae District, Sabu Raijua Regency. This research uses a normative juridical approach and is supported by empiricial juridicial research. Data collection techniques in this study are interview data collection, and literature study, and analyzing data descriptively and perspectively. The results of the study indicate that (1) Sabu Raijua Regency has the authority to set policies according to its territory, so it is necessary to set policies in dealing with drought, the policies needed to deal with drought include various elements that can help better manage water resources and reduce the impact of drought so that there is no clean water crisis, in this case it must include various initiatives and actions, depending on local conditions and problems faced. (2) Efforts made by the government in dealing with drought in Sabu Raijua Regency include: reforestation programs, extension programs, reservoir construction programs, and clean water distribution programs. (3) Factors that hinder government efforts in dealing with drought in Sabu Liae District, Sabu Raijua Regency include several factors, namely community legal awareness, cost factors, and facility factors. Based on the results of the research, it is hoped that the Sabu Raijua Regency government can be more reactive and proactive in making policies governing water resources by making local regulations on water resources in mitigating and adapting to climate change, including soil and water conservation programs.

The Effect Of Stock Price, Earning Per Share, Current Year Profit, Inflation, Interest And Exchange Rate On Construction Investment In Pt. Total Bangun Persada Tbk During 2013-2022

Indonesia is vigorously promoting progress in the construction sector, a key aspect of infrastructure development aimed at achieving equitable distribution across the country and preventing economic disparities (Willar, Waney, Pangemanan, & Mait, 2019). Infrastructure development is an essential program that continues to be advanced to enhance infrastructure and ensure economic equality throughout Indonesia. One of the primary infrastructure sectors targeted for development is construction (Pridayanti, 2014). Construction plays a vital role in supporting economic growth and improving the quality of life by providing necessary facilities and amenities. The construction of roads, bridges, buildings, and other infrastructures not only enhances connectivity and logistics efficiency but creates jobs and attracts investment. Therefore, the construction sector is a priority in the government's efforts to strengthen national competitiveness and catch up with other countries. One solution to support infrastructure development, particularly in construction, is through investment. Investment in the construction sector is crucial as it provides the necessary funds to build and improve existing and new infrastructures (Tambunan, Sabijono, & Lambey, 2019). Moreover, investment can attract reputable and competent construction companies, such as PT Total Bangun Persada Tbk, a private company engaged in construction. Investment also plays a role in creating new jobs, enhancing local workforce skills, and fostering economic growth (Mara, 2022). In making investment decisions, several factors need to be considered, such as the impact of stock prices, Earnings Per Share (EPS), current profit, inflation, interest rates, and exchange rates. Stock prices reflect the company's performance and market perception of prospects, while EPS indicates the profit earned per share, providing insight into the company's financial health. Current profit shows the profitability generated from daily operations. Inflation and interest rates are macroeconomic indicators that affect purchasing power and capital costs. Exchange rates, on the other hand, influence the cost of importing raw materials and the company's exposure to international markets. All these factors must be comprehensively considered to make wise and beneficial investment decisions.

Effectiveness and Management Strategy of Tual Archipelago Fishing Port in Supporting Measured Fishing

Measured Fishing (MF) is the government's effort to preserve fish resources by optimizing economic and social benefits for fishermen and fishery business actors. One of the government's efforts to prepare for the implementation of the MF policy, the Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries through the Directorate General of Capture Fisheries continues to improve the preparation of fishing ports to carry out these activities. This requires the main role of Archipelago Fishing Port (AFP) Tual as a fishing port managed by the central government to be able to improve its function as an executor of government functions as well as provide services to the fishing fleet and other service users who need these services. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the role and function of AFP Tual in supporting Measured Fishing and analyze Tual's AFP strategy in supporting Measured Fishing. The data analysis technique used to measure the effectiveness of the role and function of AFP Tual was score assessment using the rating scale formula. Meanwhile, the data analysis technique to determine the AFP Tual strategy was to use the SWOT matrix, the Internal Factor Analysis Summary (IFAS) matrix, and the External Factor Analysis Summary (EFAS) matrix to determine the SWOT matrix quadrant. The results of this study showed that the effectiveness of the role and function of AFP Tual is at a score of 84.5%, which means that it is very effective in supporting the program measured fishing. Based on the SWOT analysis, it is in favorable conditions so that it can take advantage of the existing opportunities. The strategy that must be implemented in this condition is to support an aggressive growth policy (growthoriented strategy) in supporting Measured Fishing so that the goals of MF can be maximally achieved.

Spatial Dynamic Interaction Effects and Formation Mechanisms of Air Pollution in the Central Plains Urban Agglomeration in China

Accurately identifying the dynamic interaction effects and network structure characteristics of air pollution is essential for effective collaborative governance. This study investigates the spatial dynamic interactions of air pollution among 30 cities in the Central Plains Urban Agglomeration using convergent cross mapping. Social network analysis is applied to assess the overall and node characteristics of the spatial interaction network, while key driving factors are analyzed using an exponential random graph model. The findings reveal that air pollution levels in the Central Plains Urban Agglomeration initially increase before they decrease, with heavily polluted cities transitioning from centralized to sporadic distribution. Among the interactions, Heze’s air pollution impact on Kaifeng was the strongest, while Xinxiang’s impact on Changzhi was the weakest. The emission and receiving effects peaked during 2010–2012. The air pollution interactions among cities exhibit significant network characteristics, with block model results indicating that emitting and receiving relationships are primarily concentrated in the bidirectional spillover plate. Natural factors such as temperature and precipitation significantly influence the spatial interaction network. Economic and social factors like economic level and industrial sector proportion also have a significant impact. However, population density does not influence the spatial interaction network. This study contributes to understanding the spatial network of air pollution, thereby enhancing strategies for optimizing regional collaborative governance efforts to address air pollution.

Factors related to cervical cancer and human papilloma virus awareness among rural women of southern Bangladesh: A cross-sectional study

IntroductionCervical cancer is an important public health issue in Bangladesh. Despite government efforts, the awareness and healthcare utilization in rural areas are inadequate. MethodologyThis cross-sectional study was conducted in six districts of Barishal division over 997 respondents aged 15–64 years. The demographic variables, accessibility to healthcare, vaccination status, awareness of HPV causing cervical cancer, and knowledge of the HPV vaccine were recorded through a structured questionnaire. T-test for univariate and chi-square test for bi-variate analysis were used. Logistic regression was used to determine factors associated with awareness. ResultsMost of the participants were SSC passed (45.3%), unemployed (54.4%), and married (74.4%). While 83.5% were aware of cervical cancer, only 3.3% knew about HPV’s role. The majority (96.2%) had never been tested for HPV, albeit 79.5% knew about the vaccine, and only 2.45% were vaccinated. Knowledge levels were low, with only 1.4% demonstrating sound knowledge, mostly associating with higher income, residing closer to healthcare facilities, and being married. Bhola district participants had highest level of awareness, and the lowest was in Pirojpur. Education level was positively correlated with knowledge, with graduates being most aware. Logistic regression showed education, marital status, willingness to vaccinate daughters, and district were significantly related with better awareness, while income, distance, and age did not. ConclusionMass education and awareness campaigns may improve the awareness level in rural community.

Socialization and Assistance in the Implementation of Social Assistance for the Dalegan Village Community, Gresik Regency

One of the government's efforts to improve the welfare of the Indonesian people, especially for people living below the poverty line, is the social assistance program. However, some people cannot utilize the social assistance program effectively due to a lack of understanding and access to information about the program. The purpose of community service activities is to increase public awareness and understanding of the various types of social assistance available so that community service activities can help the community in the process of applying for and receiving social assistance. It is expected that the social assistance program will be distributed on target through an approach and assistance involving village officials, community leaders, and direct assistance to village communities. Direct assistance to village communities can also be carried out to ensure that the social assistance distribution information system runs well. The results of community service activities can improve the welfare of village communities, reduce social disparities, increase the transparency of social assistance data, and improve the ability of village officials to manage social assistance. Community service activities can be a model for other villages in managing social assistance.

Law Enforcement of Environmental Agreement Violations by Business Entities

In the increasing demands for environmental protection and management which are currently increasing and require attention from every child of the nation as both policy makers and the community in general, the environmental law since the enactment of Law Number 4 of 1982 to Law Number 32 of 2009 which was then codified in the main ideas of Law Number 6 of 2023 concerning Job Creation, this is the answer to the government's efforts in enforcing environmental law to be better and more beneficial. In the application of criminal law sanctions as a result of criminal acts by reviewing and highlighting the application of law to the implementation of environmental management as an effort for environmentally sustainable development, problems regarding the consequences of criminal acts committed by Business Entities so that they can result in additional criminal penalties must be based on legal norms by paying attention to the level of public awareness and global environmental developments and international legal instruments related to the environment as well as the awareness and life of the community in relation to environmental management have developed in such a way that they need to be refined to achieve the goals of environmentally sustainable development.

Bearing Capacity and Settlement of Bored Pile Foundation Based On Spt Test Data Aand CPT Test

One form of government effort for the community is the construction of flats. In the construction of Flats X, it is necessary to conduct an analysis in order to minimize the occurrence of foundation collapse beyond the permit limit requirements. In this research analysis using axial and lateral carrying capacity. For axial carrying capacity based on NSPT values using three methods, namely Wright and Reese, Mayerhoff, Luciano Decourt. As well as on shaman power based on the CPT Test using three methods, namely Aoki de Lancer, Mayerhoff, and Schmertmann and Nottingham. For lateral carrying capacity using the calculation of the p-y curve method and using LPille software. For the descent of the foundation using Settle3D. So, obtained in this study for axial carrying capacity taken from three methods in the SPT Test is using the mayerhoff method with the results obtained, namely Q (all press) = 170 tons and Q (all pull) = 85 tons. The axial carrying capacity based on the Cpt Test is obtained from the smallest value in the three methods is the Aoki de Lancer method with the results obtained, namely Q (all press) = 83 tons and Q (all pull) = 14 tons. For lateral carrying capacity using the LPille program, a lateral load of 63.2 kN was obtained. For the number of foundation needed, namely 306 foundations. As well as for the lowering of the foundation obtained using Settle3D which is 96.3 mm.

Looking to the Past to Understand the Present: Legacies of Inequality, Status Changes, and Collective Memory in Burundi’s Post-War Schooling

How do efforts to reduce ethnic inequality in schooling interact with narratives of inequality and past grievances in schools after ethnicity-based conflict? In this paper, I analyse interviews with 114 youth in Burundi to explore the intersection of these narratives given a power-sharing agreement and changes in group status in post-war Burundi. I show that despite government efforts, narratives of exclusion and inequality in the past persist, and have become more complex. This study has implications for our understanding of the role of redressing education inequalities in short- and long-term peacebuilding processes.

Strategi Penanggulangan Stunting Melalui Peningkatan Pengetahuan Pasangan Usia Subur Tentang Bahaya Stunting di Desa Oringbele Kecamatan Witihama Kabupaten Flores Timur

One of the primary causes of stunting is the lack of public knowledge and awareness about stunting prevention, particularly among couples of childbearing age who play a crucial role in preventing stunting. Adequate knowledge about healthy eating patterns, exclusive breastfeeding, the importance of pregnancy control, and child immunization is still lacking among this group. This community service activity aims to: (1) Increase the knowledge and awareness of couples of childbearing age about stunting prevention in Oringbele Village; (2) Encourage the application of healthy behaviors during pregnancy preparation and childcare; and (3) Support government efforts to reduce stunting rates in Indonesia. The service activities utilized counseling and lecture methods, supported by PowerPoint slides and leaflets that provided explanations on the definition, causes, negative impacts, risk factors, and prevention strategies of stunting. The results showed a significant improvement in the knowledge of couples of childbearing age across all dimensions of the questionnaire, including the definition, symptoms, causes, dangers, and prevention of stunting. Thus, it can be concluded that the stunting prevention counseling activities in Oringbele Village were successful, as evidenced by the increased awareness and healthy behaviors among the participants, contributing to the reduction of stunting incidents from the outset.

Aktif Cegah Stunting Kelompok 43 KKM Uniba Tekankan Pentingnya Asi Eksklusif bagi Kesehatan Anak

Group 43 Student Work Lectures (KKM) at Bina Bangsa University (Uniba) participated in the government's efforts to promote the prevention and reduction of stunting rates in Cilegon City. This socialization and counseling activity was carried out at the Sakinah Residence Posyandu with Midwife Lia Chaerunisah and the Head of Kalitimbang Subdistrict, M Uffan. Field Assistant Lecturer, Tiara Nofiana, emphasized that this activity really helps the community in determining the right steps for the golden growth period and cognitive development of children. The main focus of socialization is empowering stunting prevention through education regarding the importance of exclusive breastfeeding, providing appropriate MPASI, and providing nutritious food for babies and toddlers. Apart from that, the Uniba 43 KKM Group is also active in posyandu activities such as weighing babies and providing education about healthy living and the importance of nutritious food. This program received a positive response from the community and the posyandu, indicating the success of collaboration in efforts to prevent stunting in the area.