Task Of Government Research Articles

Transport Infrastructure in Ethiopia

The development of transport infrastructure is a priority objective for many African countries. This process has significant impact on the efficiency of continental and world trade corridors, and also influence on the costs of economic activity. In this case, the transformation in the transport sector of Ethiopia must be noted. The government of the country has taken a decision to create national railway network and develop aviation and road lines of communication. After The Eritrean War of Independence Eritrean separation was announced and Ethiopia lost its maritime infrastructure and became a landlocked country. This situation provides great difficulties in process of international trade and economic activity for the region. Now the development of transport corridors which connect economic centers with large ports of the region is a priority task for Ethiopian government. In this case Ethiopia is actively attracting foreign investors and world financial organizations to create stable, efficient and economically profitable ways of transport communication with the port infrastructure of neighboring countries. This year, Chinese companies finished to rebuilt the railway line Addis Ababa-Djibouti, in the coming years, governments of Kenya and Ethiopia, will launch new Mombasa-Nairobi-Addis Ababa motorway. This infrastructure projects are essential for enhancing Ethiopian competitiveness and economic activity and provide opportunity to reduce transport costs. Moreover, the Ethiopian authorities are making great progress in developing the internal transport infrastructure, first of all, in terms of increased paved road and development of railway infrastructure, which promotes more efficient use of natural,economic and human resources. Foreign companies are actively involved in realization of this transport projects and it can be a perspective area for cooperation between Russian Federation and Ethiopia. The article provides a detailed overview of Ethiopian transport sector and describes the key infrastructureprojects which can be interesting for Russian companies.

Analysis of the Sustainable Development Indicators in the OECD Countries

Sustainable development is a key task for governments that should end poverty, ensure prosperity, create better conditions for health, education or social needs. The set of indicators to be monitored for evaluation of successes or failures of the sustainable development varies by intergovernmental organizations like OECD or EU. To discover the status and dynamics of variables which are part of the sustainable development goals of the OECD countries is the main aim of the presented analysis. To measure the convergence of socio-economic indicators the coefficient of variation was used. The Pearson’s correlations coefficient and regression analysis were applied to detect the linear relationship between a pair of variables. The OECD countries were compared not only by using univariate statistical methods but also by applying a multivariate approach. The cluster analysis and principal component analysis were used for a set of indicators to monitor the countries from a wider perspective. The analyzed indicators GDP per capita or real change in GDP per capita belong to variables of economic activity. Variables of life expectancy at birth, standardized death rates for noncommunicable diseases belong to indicators of health. Altogether fifteen selected indicators were used for a multivariate analysis of OECD countries in two periods of time.

Citizen Initiatives in the Post-Welfare State

Recently we have seen the emergence of citizen-led community initiatives and civic enterprises, taking over governmental tasks in providing public services in various sectors, such as energy, care, landscape maintenance, and culture. This phenomenon can be explained by a renewed interest in community, place, and ‘local identity’; the erosion of the welfare state; the privatization of public services; a re-emergence of the social economy; and tensions between ‘bottom-up’ initiatives and the changing role of the state. The co-production of governments and initiatives can potentially result in a shift from government-led to community-led planning. This, however, raises questions about their innovative potential, the democratic consequences, and the potential roles of governments in enabling these societal dynamics. This article discusses these issues theoretically, illustrated with empirical examples from Portugal, the Netherlands, and Wales, in a context of uncertainty regarding the future of the traditional European welfare state.

Outline of Korean Integrated CCS Act Draft and Its Implication

Worldwide interest is growing upon Carbon Dioxide Capture and Storage (CCS) as a realistic measure to mitigate the greenhouse gases. Korean government as well fully supports on advancement of CCS research and development. Yet technology is only one side of the pillar. To implement the technology in practice, nationwide policies are necessary, which should be grounded upon stable and systemic CCS legislation. On March of 2016, Integrated CCS Act has been drafted by the governmental task force. This paper delineates the outline of the draft and illustrates details on important issues to balance between the efficiency and safety of CCS projects in Korean environment.

The role and tasks of the local government in the promotion of public health

The article is to point out the role and responsibilities of local government in health promotion. The task may seem simple on the one hand, because a lot of works have been written about this local government unit and its tasks, many interesting items can be found on the publishing market, on the other hand, this task is quite difficult — demonstrating specific tasks, performed in an area that is not unambiguous. Both terms “promotion” and “public health”, although widely used, require legal interpretation, because they are definitions that are blurred, undefined. Such a situation may seem strange, because we are talking about concepts very often used both in scientific literature and in “everyday use”. In addition, it should be stressed that none of the existing law does not specify the tasks of the community health promotion, and the law on public health requires only their implementation. This situation raises many problems and requires urgent action on the part of the legislator.

ІНФОРМАЦІЙНО-АНАЛІТИЧНА СИСТЕМА ДЕРЖАВНОГО УПРАВЛІННЯ РИЗИКАМИ ВИНИКНЕННЯ НАДЗВИЧАЙНИХ СИТУАЦІЙ

The research of the scientific and practical aspects of development and implementation of the information and analytical system of public administration concerning risks of emergencies is carried out in the work. The Government information and analytical system on emergencies can function in the modes of daily activity, increased readiness or emergency depending on the current situation and scale of possible or current emergency. However the present state system of the environment monitoring, which is a subsystem of the Government information and analytical system on emergencies, can't fully solve the given tasks and doesn't fit the established requirements actually even in the conditions of daily activity. Accordingly, the specified system demands essential improvement. The questions of public administration concerning risks of emergencies are investigated nowadays in various scientific works of numerous scientists. However information and analytical components of the specified processes still need essential completion. The purpose of this work is research of the scientific and practical aspects of development and implementation of the information and analytical system of public administration concerning risks of emergences. The problems of functioning of the state system of the environment monitoring are defined. The key tasks of public authorities and local government concerning organization of the environment monitoring are allocated. The conceptual model of the information and analytical system of public administration concerning risks of emergencies is developed. The method of the system analysis, heuristic method, and method of logical modelling are used in the work. The following problems of functioning of the state system of the environment monitoring are defined: imperfection of standard and legal support; insufficient coordination of activity of the subjects, which are carrying out environmental monitoring; lack of financial extra budgetary funds; obsolescence of material support of the subjects, who are engaged in environmental monitoring etc. The key tasks of public authorities and local government concerning organization of the environment monitoring are allocated. It is emphasized that the following ones have to be the prime components: coordination of functioning of the organizations and institutions at the regional, local and object levels on collecting and exchange of information concerning results of observation and control of condition of environment and formation of systems of information and communication appointment for the solution of problems of monitoring and forecasting of emergencies' risks. The conceptual model of information and analytical system of public administration concerning risks of emergencies is developed. This conceptual model integrates in its structure the technologies of collecting, transfer, exchange and storage of information on sources of emergencies and objects of monitoring and also includes the analysis technique, methods of modelling and forecasting of emergencies for territories. The given conceptual model is the system of information and analytical support of decision-making in Public service of Ukraine on emergency situations. The developed information and analytical system of public administration of emergencies' risks provides realization of the information processes in public authorities and local governments providing adoption of administrative decisions concerning emergencies' risks due to information collecting, processing, storage, transfer and security received as result of functioning of the state system of monitoring and forecasting of emergencies' risks with the corresponding accompanying documentation formation.

Governing the Commercial Determinants of Noncommunicable Diseases: Maintaining the Regulatory Power of Governments

Background and context: “Through the manufacture, sale and promotion of tobacco, alcohol, and ultra-processed food and drink (unhealthy commodities), transnational corporations are major drivers of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs)” (Moodie et al., 2013). Furthermore, the impact of trade and investment liberalization has been correlated with the rapidly increasing prevalence of some cancers, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases in developing countries. Reaching the SDG targets is a challenging task for governments of low- and middle-income countries who face constraints in regulating the commercial determinants of NCDs due to the increasing influence of unhealthy commodity industries in policy making. Although the literature recommends various approaches to maintain or strengthen the regulatory power of governments, the impact of these strategies on the governance of commercial determinants of NCDs remains unclear. Aim: Identifying the strategies which have been successfully applied in strengthening the governance of commercial determinants of NCDs in regard to tobacco. Strategy/Tactics: The strategies for strengthening the governance of unhealthy commodities recommended by the literature mostly target the issues of fragmentation of governments and the constraints on regulatory capacity. This research examines the way the governments of Fiji and Vanuatu applied these strategies for the sake of implementing tobacco control policies. The methods involve literature review, document analysis and in-depth interviews with key informants across government departments, NGOs and development agencies in these countries. The document analysis and in-depth interviews are currently ongoing in Fiji and Vanuatu. The results and conclusions will be available by early September.

ANALISIS SISTEM AKUNTANSI KLAIM JAMINAN KECELAKAAN KERJA (JKK) BAGI APARATUR SIPIL NEGARA PADA PT. DANA TABUNGAN DAN ASURANSI PEGAWAI NEGERI (PERSERO) KANTOR CABANG MANADO

The successful implementation of the tasks of government and national development depends on the working mechanism of state apparatus employees. State Civil Apparatus (ASN) as an element of state apparatus, state servants and public servants have a very important role in implementing national development. On the basis of these circumstances is required efforts to improve welfare, both in the period of active and in retirement. Work Accident Assurance (JKK) is protection against occupational injuries or illnesses in the form of care, compensation, and disability benefits. The purpose of this study is to know the accounting system of work accident assurance claim. The object of this research is the accounting system of claim work accident assurance at PT.Taspen (Persero) KC Manado. The method used is descriptive qualitative analysis. From the accounting system analysis of work accident assurance claim conducted by the author at PT. Taspen (Persero) KC Manado obtained the result that the accounting system of work accident assurance claim that has been implemented effectively and in accordance with existing procedures, seen with the clear separation of duties between the relevant functions and authorization of the authorized party for transactions of payment claim.Keywords: Accounting System, Work Accident Warranty Claim, ASN

Western organizational change capacity theory and its application to public health organizations in China: A multiple case analysis.

As health reform becomes a crucial task for both Chinese and United States government, public health organizations are required to adopt changes based on reform policy. Organizational Change Capacity theory is a Western theory that indicates the capacities that organizations should possess when pursuing successful organizational change. This study seeks to understand the applicability of this theory to Chinese public health organizations by contrasting organizations that have achieved success or remained challenged in implementing organizational change to optimize health reform. The research questions are: Is the Organizational Change Capacity theory applicable in Chinese public health organizations? How should it be modified to best fit Chinese public health organizations? Seventy-two participants from 12 public health organizations in Beijing and Xi'an were recruited for interviews and follow-up questionnaires that asked for experiences during their organizational changes. During the analysis, a new Chinese Organizational Change Capacity theory with nine main themes emerged. This new framework provides a guideline for Chinese public health organizations to evaluate their change capacity, and offers a theoretical foundation for researchers to design interventions that increase these organizations' capacity in achieving successful change.

Insurance engagement in flood risk reduction – examples from household and business insurance in developed countries

Abstract. Insurance can be an important mechanism to stimulate flood risk reduction and thus decrease losses. However, there is a gap between the theoretical potential described by academic scholars and the actual engagement of insurers. In the analysis, I have collected examples of insurers' engagement in flood risk reduction, focusing on household and business insurance in developed countries. Insurers engaged either directly, e.g., through co-financing risk reduction, or more indirectly by giving incentives to policyholders or governmental actors to adopt risk reduction measures. I analyzed their engagement with the framing conditions of the market they were acting in, such as market penetration or private or public insurance schemes. I found risk reduction measures like awareness-raising campaigns targeting citizens to be quite common across several countries. There was less insurance engagement in risk reduction measures such as warning or land-use planning, which are perceived to be mainly governmental tasks. The use of risk-based pricing as an incentive for the adoption of risk reduction measures as suggested by academia is difficult in practice, due to barriers such as information gaps on the effectiveness of property-level protection measures and requirements concerning the affordability of insurance. New approaches to overcome these shortfalls include organized data collection on property-level protection measures or the insurance of high-risks for affordable premiums in public–private partnership constellations with the government.

Income distribution and environmental quality in China: A spatial econometric perspective

Paying heed to a surge of concern about the serious and continuous environmental degradation that is currently being witnessed in China, in this paper we investigate whether income distribution contributes to environmental deterioration. Environmental degradation can be linked not only to income growth, we argue, but also to increases in income inequality. The study calculated the Gini coefficient of 31 province using a data set of 403 city level data in mainland China and estimated the linkage between income distribution and environmental deterioration utilizing balanced data for 31 Chinese provinces during the period 1996–2015. First, the degree of environmental pollution was calculated by constructing a comprehensive index system, which was formulated using the entropy method, based on six environmental indicators. Then, a spatial panel regression model was also employed in order to estimate whether income inequality is likely to be a relevant factor in environmental deterioration in China. The estimation results showed that: using the index and spatial analysis techniques, significant spatial positive agglomeration were found existing between Chinese provinces in terms of their levels of environmental degradation; the influencing factors estimation results substantiated the existence of an invert U-shaped relation, lending support to the Environmental Kuznets curve theory; more importantly, the study found that income inequality played a significant role in preventing environmental degradation, suggesting that an appropriate level of income inequality over a delimited period is beneficial to improving environmental quality. It should, however, also be emphasized that optimizing the country's income distribution is remains an important long-term task for the Chinese government; other factors were found to exert different types and magnitudes of impacts on environmental pollution. Results showed that many factors—for instance, energy intensity, the share of secondary industry, population density, and foreign direct investment—contribute to environmental deterioration. Conversely, our findings also indicate that rising urbanization levels can have a positive effect on environmental quality. In addition, no clear evidence was found to suggest that local government expenditure is related to environmental degradation.

MENAKAR TINGKAT KEPUASAN MASYARAKAT TERHADAP PELAYANAN PUBLIK PLAT MERAH DI KABUPATEN BOGOR

Improving the quality of public services into a demand that is always voiced by various circles. Services that can satisfy and meet the expectations of service seekers are rational reasons that are always put forward and become mandatory for immediate response. This form of demands is the emergence of people’s aspirations to obtain quality public services. The paradigm shift in the implementation of government in the form of wide implementation of regional autonomy, real and responsible has made the Regional Government as the spearhead in the implementation of government tasks, especially in providing services to the community. As a consequence of the change, it is necessary to rearrange various elements in the system of governance as a manifestation of the implementation of regional autonomy. Because basically the purpose of the implementation of regional autonomy is to improve the welfare of the community. In order to realize the desired goals or objectives, it is necessary to develop local government apparatus capable of working professionally and public service management which can be implemented effectively, efficiently and accountably. Local governments should be able to build, improve and utilize the conducive regional institutions, so as to design easy, cheap and fast public service standards. (Tandjung Djamaludin, 2004). The National Development Program (Propenas) mandates the need for a review of the quality of public services to produce a Public Satisfaction Index as the embodiment of Good Governance in the form of accountability, transparency, legal supremacy and addressing the needs of the community. The previous papers discussed the public satisfaction index of public service in a regional apparatus organization with their respective analysis, but this paper will discuss the index of public satisfaction in all public services in Bogor Regency in order to review the synergy of public services in Bogor Regency. The research methodology used is literature review and qualitative descriptive with sample of Organization of Regional Device giving of public service. This paper will contribute to the importance of establishing a network of services that prioritizes the accessibility and quality of public services of the government which are expected to jointly realize the vision of regional mission by ensuring synergic public services in increasing community satisfaction.

ОТ ЛЕГИТИМНОГО ПРОТЕКЦИОНИЗМА К ТОРГОВЫМ ВОЙНАМ?

The author argues that modern protectionism has a more moderate character than that in the middle of the past century. Besides that it does not, as a rule, go beyond multilateral rules of the regulation of international trade. This allows us to define it as a legitimate one. The author estimates the probability of the execution of the approved program of the negotiations of the Doha round which aims at further liberalization of agricultural and non-agricultural trade as well as services. It is stated that the deadlock situation during the negotiations forced the members of the WTO to step back from the batch method of decision-making and the principle “everything is compulsory for all”. This opened the way for the progress in reduction of trade barriers with the help of agreements between limited number of the participants (selective liberalization) and preferential regional trade agreements of the new type (“liberalization for those who care”). A fear is expressed that the current trade conflict between the US and China may lead to the opening of wide-scale trade war between the two countries and may give an impetus for the outbreak of similar “wars” between other participants in the world trade and, at worst, for the collapse of the multilateral trading system that has been built during the past seventy years. In this case, international rules, though not perfect and outdated, might be substituted by chaos and anarchy which may result in the aggravation of problems of the world development. Further on, the author pays attention to the fact that the level of tariff protection in Russia somewhat decreased after the WTO accession. Still, the membership in this organization does not create any serious problems for most sectors and branches of the national economy. It is a matter of fact that the level of protectionism in the Russian Federation is higher than in the developed countries but lower than in the leading developing economies (China, India, Brazil). The author states that strengthening of protectionist elements in the trade policy will be a difficult task for the Russian government. The main reason is that the principal functions of the regulation of the foreign trade have been recently subdued rom the national government to the Eurasian Economic Commission. It is concluded that the possible destruction of the established international order in trade relations will not bring benefit for the domestic economy which is, to a great extent, dependent from foreign markets both as producer and as consumer. This is why Russia has to continue full support to the WTO. Still, during negotiations on this platform Russian government has to act pragmatically and to put in the forefront the nation’s economic interests.&nbsp

POLA KOMUNIKASI DINAS PARIWISATA PEMERINTAH DAERAH KABUPATEN BANYUWANGI DALAM MENGEMBANGKAN POTENSI PARIWISATA MELALUI KEGIATAN FESTIVAL

Banyuwangi was once just the easternmost district in East Java Province. This district is famous as an area that has the science of black magic, which is a very deadly black science. But now appear skyrocketed into a tourist area that is very amazing. Many tourism potentials are developed, there are also many tourist visits and ultimately can increase the dignity and economy of the community. This study wanted to find out the effective cooperation pattern of the Banyuwangi Regional Government Tourism Office in developing tourism potential through festival activities, the media used and the obstacles faced. The research method used is descriptive qualitative. The theory used is the theory of social exchange. The results showed that the pattern of effective cooperation was carried out by the Department of Tourism by internally dividing tasks with all local government task units related to festival activities, while externally cooperating with all communities, especially cultural communities. Furthermore, the Tourism Office also promotes through internet media, print media, and interpersonal communication media. The results of this study also indicate that the obstacles faced the dilemma between the effort to develop tourism potential and the teachings of Islam, the low mastery of public information technology and the divided support between the people in the south and the people in the north towards cultural products as a tourism potential. Keywords: Banyuwangi, Communication, Tourism

Performance accountability of public agencies in the act government

Performance accountability of public bodies meaning widespread not only limited liability in law but also in the field of non-law. Special accountability law, imaged through the performance creation of the law (legal creating), as well as in the implementation of the law (legal applying) as the embodiment of government action (Bestuurhandeling). In the concept of the law of State administration and administrative law, Government action in question is the Act or acts committed by State administration in carrying out the task of Government.

Cybersecurity Authorities and Related Policies in the EU and Hungary

Parallel with the evolving of cyber conflicts, the need for appropriate handling of the public administration tasks also appeared. Governmental tasks were necessary, which includes defense (military), diplomatic, law enforcement and public administrative factors also.
 This paper shows an analysis of the institutional background of cybersecurity administration in the European Union and Hungary in parallel. This includes the regulations about ENISA, the European Union Cybersecurity Agency, the Hungarian cybersecurity authorities, and the cybersecurity strategies for both entities, namely Regulation (EC) No 460/2004, Cybersecurity Strategy of the European Union of 2017, Regulation (EU) 526/2013, COM/2016/0410 final, 2017/0225 (COD) Proposal, Hungarian Government decree no. 223/2009, Government Decision no. 1139/2013, Act L of 2013, and Government Decree 187/2015.
 The research has been supported by the ÚNKP-17-4-III-NKE-26 New National Excellence Program of the Ministry of Human Capacities.

Methods and Data Sources for Measuring Socio-Economic Factors: A Literature Review

The compiling of the population data, to establish its socioeconomic factors, is a high-cost task for governments and regulatory organizations due to the need for financial and human resources. This limitation makes it almost impossible to count on immediate updated socioeconomic population information. This article compiles a series of alternative data sources and methods that can be applied to reduce the costs and the time required to update such information. The review focus on how these sources and methods have been used in developing countries during time, highlighting the solutions for satisfying the need of updated socioeconomic factors of the population.

Wykorzystanie technik GIS do wyznaczania obszarów kryzysowych na przykładzie miasta Żywiec

Działania rewitalizacyjne stanowią jedne z priorytetowych zadań samorządów w Polsce, ponieważ dają szansę na wykorzystanie funduszy unijnych. Do podstawowych kroków procedury definiowania obszarów rewitalizowanych należy delimitacja pól podstawowych oraz analiza wskaźnikowa. Obecnie najczęściej wykorzystuje się do niej dane statystyczne oraz te pochodzące z konsultacji społecznych. Celem artykułu jest wskazanie technik GIS jako narzędzia umożliwiającego rozszerzoną diagnozę prowadzącą do wyznaczenia obszarów kryzysowych.

The “Metropolitan City” in Italy: New Spaces for Dialogue and Interaction Between the City and the Mountain

The mountain areas live a period of new dynamism, in which the connection with the urban context has an important role in terms of cultural redesign of values, physical and functional connections with the local areas and creation of urban-mountain interactions. The article focuses on Italian mountain system, comprising experimentation and excellence, but even rupture and depopulation perspectives, in which the city and mountain are no longer simply the borders of an entre-deux (“between two”, Bourdeau 2015) relationship.The article taking into consideration the current direction of Metropolitan Cities, the newborn institutions established as an intermediate level in local governance. The new Metropolitan Cities were officially born in 2014, following the approval of Law n° 56 “Disposizioni sulle citta metropolitane, sulle province, sulle unioni e fusioni di comuni” (Provisions concerning metropolitan cities, provinces, and unions/fusions between townships). Metropolitan Cities are defined as wide-scale local entities and they are institutional body with task of planning and local development government, in many cases regarding urban and mountain territories.The article proposes a wide range of situations in which forms of strategic planning for the systemization of city-mountain relationships has been adopted. At first level, it has been considered Strategic plans that give formal indication about the exchange between urban and mountain areas. Three significant cases: the Piano Strategico della citta e del territorio di Cuneo 2020 (2020 Strategic plan for the city of Cuneo and its surroundings mountain areas); the Piano Strategico territoriale della Provincia di Belluno (Strategic plan for the mountain-urban area of Belluno); and the Piano Strategico Metropolitano di Bologna 2020 (2020 Strategic plan for the metropolitan city of Bologna and its surroundings mountain area ).At second level the analysis regards the initiatives carried out by the Aosta Valley region (the Strategic Plan for Aosta) and the experience of the “Piano Strategico dei Comuni dell’Alto Canavese” (Strategic Plan for the townships in the Alpine upper Canavese area, within the Metropolitan City of Turin). Wide areas in which the actors have experimented a strategic planning in order to create strong interactions between urban and mountain context through a process of local governance.The results of the analysis permit to highlight some issues: the definition of mutual benefit between city and mountain context; the construction of a strategic polycentric vision inside the urban-mountain territories; concerns inter-territoriality as a tool to build metropolitan identity.

Rola samorządu lokalnego w realizacji zadań oświatowych na przykładzie samorządu gminy Szelków

<p>Przedmiotem pracy jest analiza i ocena roli samorządów terytorialnych w wypełnianiu funkcji edukacyjnych. Przedstawiając istotę i zadania samorządów terytorialnych wszystkich szczebli w Polsce, skoncentrowano się na zadaniach edukacyjnych gminy. Scharakteryzowano kolejno reformy edukacyjne w Polsce od czasów transformacji ustrojowej, zadania oświatowe jednostek samorządu terytorialnego oraz informację o stanie realizacji tych zadań w latach 2010–2015. Zaprezentowano zarówno formy działalności edukacyjnej, rolę różnych podmiotów oraz działania skierowane na podnoszenie jakości kadry nauczycielskiej i podstawy programowej. Rolę samorządu terytorialnego w realizacji zadań oświatowych przedstawiono na przykładzie wiejskiej gminy Szelków. Przedmiotem badań była organizacja i funkcjonowanie systemu edukacyjnego w gminie oraz ocena oświaty i działalności samorządu gminnego przez lokalną społeczność. Uzyskane, na ogół pozytywne wyniki badań mają znaczenie poznawcze i mogą stanowić wskazania dla dokonywania dalszych usprawnień systemu funkcjonowania i zarządzania oświatą i sposobu finansowania działalności oświatowej.</p>