Government Scientists Research Articles

ILMU PEMERINTAHAN DALAM PRAKTEK : PERSPEKTIF EROFA KONTINENTAL

Problems and phenomenon of government have existed for thousands of years,because the existence of the government is an indisputable empirical system and is a human need. In government is a regulation of the relationship between the ruler and the governed, so that order, security, prosperity, and justice can be realized. Government science as a scientific idea has actually appeared since 1822 in The United State, namely with the publication of The Introduction to The Science of Government Written For The Youth of United State. Likewise in 1876 SV Blakeslee wrote about Archology or The Science of Government. Actually the existence of government science in the future depends on the extent to which the activities,creativity and productivity of government scientists in examining existing empirical phenomena so that they can form new theories. The emergence of The Continental European Schools and Anglo Saxon basically, because they actively observe the existing phenomena so that they are able to produce a paradigm. In simple terms, we can also see the phenomenon of indigenous government that is around us, the phenomenon of governance that is prevailing and embraced by various groups of nation today (contemporary government), we can even see the phenomenon of global government.

Regulatory Issues of the Accounting Procedure for Civil R&D

Introduction. The issues of legal regulation of the accounting procedure for scientific research, experimental design and technological work for civil purposes (hereinafter — R&D, work) plays an important role in the implementation of governmental science & technological policy. Such accounting not only stimulates the identification and registration of rights to the results of intellectual activity (hereinafter referred to as RIA) created during the work — it also contributes to improving the quality of rights management for such RIAs, their commercialisation and their wider involvement in civil law turnover. It also creates conditions for accessing the effectiveness of budgetary expenditures for such work. In addition, the system for recording the results of R&D for civil purposes simplifies the implementation and administration of tax benefits associated with their performance. The aim of this study is to monitor current legislation for regulating civil R&D accounting procedures and to identify its shortcomings in order to determine further measures for improvement. Methods. The analytical research methods employed include systemic, structural, functional, specific and sociological, formal and legal, as well as technical and legal methods along with methods for interpreting legal rules. Results. The procedure for state registration of civil R&D projects carried out with federal budgetary funding is regulated by a set of regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation. The technical basis for accounting is the state information system for recording scientific research results, experimental design and technological work for civil purposes (hereinafter referred to as the System). This system is accessible online. A list of accounting objects, forms of sending information for accounting and the procedure for interacting with customers and project executioners from the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia in the implementation of accounting have been established. The information contained in the System is publicly available, excluding certain types of information outlined by Russian law. Over the course of this research, we have identified and noted several shortcomings to legal regulations of the examined sphere of relations: there were some contradictions between individual regulatory documents. Measures to eliminate these shortcomings can further improve the legal frameworks governing this area of public relations. Conclusion. The materials collected as part of the monitoring effort enabled us to compile a holistic picture of the legal regulatory framework governing the accounting system for civil R&D results. The findings of this study can be used to optimise a public administration system taking into account scientific and technical activity results.

Analisis interpretasi matematis dalam mini riset mahasiswa melalui pembelajaran berbasis riset

Statistics are studied in many fields of study including in Governmental Science, University of Muhammadiyah Malang (UMM). However, in reality, many UMM Government Science students do not understand the material and still have difficulty applying statistical methods, so it is necessary to provide mini research-based learning and analysis of interpretation abilities. The purpose of this research was to analyze students’ interpretative abilities in mini-research on research-based learning. The research used a qualitative descriptive method. The research sample consisted of 1 student who carried out mini research-based learning. The results of student’s reports were analyzed according to the indicators of interpretation ability. The result of the research indicated that the application of research-based learning in statistics subjects has a positive impact on students’ mathematical interpretation abilities can be seen from the achievement of the mathematical representation indicators found in the mini-research conducted by subject 1 in class. However, several things need to be improved in the mini-research conducted by subject 1, namely presenting problems and solving them in other forms. The descriptor wrote the notation in other forms and communicates the notation according to the idea.

An integrated decision driven design framework to support the ecological restoration of rivers

A structured and collaborative approach to design and decision‐making in the context of ecological restoration of rivers is developed and illustrated using a case study involving the mitigation of physical barriers to fish migration on the River Trent in the UK. The integrated design and decision-making framework provide a practical workflow model for structuring multi‐attribute decisions, engaging stakeholders, and assembling a design team needed to successfully plan environmental interventions. In our implementation team, members included ecologists, fisheries biologists, government scientists, and representatives of key stakeholder groups. The case study demonstrated a values‐based approach to implementing an ecological restoration plan that addresses some of the long‐standing barrier removal goals associated with the reintroduction of Atlantic salmon and European Union (EU) Habitats Directive listed species European lamprey and River eel. The integrated decision-driven, design framework approach is highlighted by trans-disciplinarily and social learning.

Educating the Next Generation of Remote Sensing Specialists: Skills and Industry Needs in a Changing World

The landscape of post-secondary education has experienced a dramatic change in student outcomes over the past 20 years. The expectation for students in advanced education was a career in research and toward gaining employment in either academia or in government science. From our survey of university students and early career professionals, it was clear that there is an expectation gap between desired and probable post-secondary education outcomes. Our survey indicated that the majority of trainees, regardless of level of education, undervalue the importance of written and oral communication skills and overvalue specific methodological understanding relative to those employed in the field. While some of these dichotomies can be explained by the relative lack of experience of students, it also points to the nature of the foci of our training. While we are concerned with the production of the next leaders in remote sensing science, most will have careers that are different from their training. There is an opportunity to optimize the post-secondary education experience (student and faculty) with the inclusion of a broader view toward career outcomes.

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY RESOURCE POTENTIAL IN NIGERIA FROM AEROMAGNETIC REVIEWS: ANOTHER PANACEA FOR ENERGY CRISES AND ENVIRONMENTAL GLOBAL WARMING

An effort has been made in this paper to advocate a panacea to the prevailing energy crisis in Nigeria by reviewing the country’s geothermal energy resource potential from regional aeromagnetic calculations. There is widespread occurrence of warm/hot springs in Nigeria, which gives credence to the availability and abundance of geothermal reserves. Results of aeromagnetic investigations also confirm that areas with anomalous high heat flow exist in Nigeria, showing high prospects of employing geothermal energy for direct and indirect energy applications. It is, therefore, imperative for Nigeria to take a quantum leap in holistic renewable energy research and development through appropriate government science advice, policy and environmental management.

COBRA: A Research Accelerator for the Crustal Ocean Biosphere

Abstract The deep seafloor covers two-thirds of Earth's surface area, but our understanding of the ecosystems and resources found in the deep ocean, as well as the ability of deep-sea ecosystems to withstand human perturbation, is limited. These deep-sea habitats demand urgent study as there are emergent human uses in the form of deep-sea mining and carbon sequestration that will fundamentally alter physical, chemical, and biological conditions that took millions of years to establish. We propose the international network COBRA, a research accelerator for the crustal ocean biosphere. COBRA will bring together diverse stakeholders and experts, including interdisciplinary academic and government scientists, private institutions, policy makers, data systems engineers, industry experts, and others to coordinate efforts that generate new knowledge and inform decision making about activities that could affect the deep ocean and, by extension, all of society. We will also train the next generation of leaders in ocean exploration, science, and policy through an innovative virtual program to carry this effort into future generations of ocean and earth science research. COBRA will inform policies relating to emergent industrial uses of the deep ocean, decrease the likelihood of serious harm to the environment, and maintain ecosystem services for the benefit of society.

Embodied Perceptions of Darkness

Embodied Perceptions of Darkness

Раскрытие мошенничеств с использованием информационно-телекоммуникационных технологий

This article discusses the problems associated with the disclosure of information and telecommunications fraud, such as the identification and location of perpetrators. Statistical data on the analyzed issues are reflected. The research conducted on the main means used to ensure the anonymity of cybercriminals. The main methods in which information and telecommunications technologies, including the Internet, can be used for fraud are clearly demonstrated. The article also notes the opinions of various government officials, scientists and researchers in the field of countering acts of cyber fraud in the field of information and telecommunications technologies. As part of the study, a survey of practical employees was conducted, which reflects a clear picture of the issues under consideration in the daily life of a citizen and the practical work of employees of internal Affairs bodies, information security services of various organizations. The influence of Covid-19 and its consequences on the crime we investigate is demonstrative. At the conclusion of the scientific work, suggestions were made for the most effective counteraction against fraudulent acts in the field of information technology, in particular the necessary preventive measures, are taken with regard to cooperation between the Internal Affairs agencies and other law enforcement agencies and that ensure security in the cyber environment.

Signs of Happiness

Although it has been argued that Cameralism had a prominent place in the formation of the modern economic mind and that public happiness was a crucial intersection of early modern economic discourses, its (re) discovery by mainstream economics has been considered partial and unconvincing. Therefore, it is crucial to understand that it was in the aftermath of the political and economic crisis of the Thirty Years’ War that happiness was established at the core of the foundations of Spanish Imperialism in the 1650s and then again in the 1760s. The text Signs of Happiness by Francesc Romà i Rossell (1768) is the best thread to reconstruct the evolution of Spanish imperialism. It spins the thread from the 1650s when happiness expanded the public sphere until the publication of his proposal where happiness is defined as the ability to recover from the decline through internal development and the improvement of agriculture, industry, and commerce. It is then when happiness and Cameralist teachings came together to sharpen Romà i Rossell’s science of government to transform the monarchy and underpin the creation of the Spanish nation.

Should policy makers trust composite indices? A commentary on the pitfalls of inappropriate indices for policy formation

BackgroundThis paper critically discusses the use and merits of global indices, in particular, the Global Health Security Index (GHSI; Cameron et al. https://www.ghsindex.org/#l-section--map) in times of an imminent crisis, such as the current pandemic. This index ranked 195 countries according to their expected preparedness in the case of a pandemic or other biological threat. The coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) pandemic provides the background to compare each country's predicted performance from the GHSI with the actual performance. In general, there is an inverted relation between predicted versus actual performance, i.e. the predicted top performers are among those that are the worst hit. Obviously, this reflects poorly on the potential policy uses of this index in imminent crisis management.MethodsThe paper analyses the GHSI and identifies why it may have struggled to predict actual pandemic preparedness as evidenced by the Covid-19 pandemic. The paper also uses two different data sets, one from the Worldmeter on the spread of the Covid-19 pandemics, and the other from the International Network for Government Science Advice (INGSA) Evidence-to-Policy Tracker, to draw comparisons between the actual introduction of pandemic response policies and the corresponding death rate in 29 selected countries.ResultsThis paper analyses the reasons for the poor match between prediction and reality in the index, and mentions six general observations applying to global indices in this respect. These observations are based on methodological and conceptual analyses. The level of abstraction in these global indices builds uncertainties upon uncertainties and hides implicit value assumptions, which potentially removes them from the policy needs on the ground.ConclusionsFrom the analysis, the question is raised if the policy community might have better tools for decision-making in a pandemic. On the basis of data from the INGSA Evidence-to-Policy Tracker, and with backing in studies from social psychology and philosophy of science, some simple heuristics are suggested, which may be more useful than a global index.

Analysis of Student Computational Thinking in Solving Social Statistics Problems

This study aims to see students' computational thinking in solving social statistics questions and to find out why students experience their mistakes. This type of research uses a descriptive qualitative approach. The subjects used in this study were Governmental Science students taking the Social Statistics course. Data collection techniques were carried out by observation and tests. The instruments used in this study were the observation sheet and the test question sheet. The analysis is carried out by reducing the data first, then presenting the data, and ending by concluding the results of the computational thinking indicator. The results showed that all aspects of computational thinking have been carried out by students, starting from Decomposition, Pattern Recognition, Abstraction, and Algorithm design. Students get the highest percentage, namely algorithm design with 84% and the lowest on decomposition with 65.5%. The cause of errors, in general, is because students are not used to completing in a structured manner. Students are accustomed to solving problems by directly substituting values into the formula without first writing down what is known and looking for what is needed in the questions first.

How the Mainstream Media Help to Spread Disinformation about Covid-19

How the Mainstream Media Help to Spread Disinformation about Covid-19

Institutional complexity is complexity with an adjective

A review of the studies on institutional complexity reveals that the many definitions of institutional complexity and related concepts share similarities with the understanding of complexity and complex systems of complexity science. Yet few publications on institutional complexity engage explicitly with complexity science. Most observers still confuse complicated and complex systems, for instance. Furthermore, the variety of definitions may create disarray regarding what institutional complexity and its related concepts are and what they imply. Highlighting the similarities between institutional complexity and complexity science in global governance, this think piece offers a conceptual and operational definition of institutional complexity using a complexity science lens. It highlights the attributes and properties of institutional complexity. It also presents the benefits of such an approach. Besides offering advantages in terms of concept clarification, this approach aims to engage theoretically, epistemologically, and methodologically with the complexity of global governance, as well as propose a way to answer remaining questions on this crucial topic.

Whose expertise counts? Assisted migration and the politics of knowledge in British Columbia’s public forests

The assisted migration (AM) of trees is increasingly being proposed and trialed to adapt forest management to the impacts of climate change. While institutional and risk perception dimensions of AM are increasingly well-studied, a key gap that remains is to understand how current institutional practices shape the types of knowledge that are considered in AM policy development, and how this in turn makes visible different risks and benefits. In this study, we use a politics of knowledge lens applied to the case of British Columbia, Canada, where AM policy is currently in place, to examine the types of knowledge informing AM thus far, and how that knowledge shapes perceived AM risks and ways of addressing them. Based on 27 in-depth, semi-structured interviews with key government employees and forest industry professionals involved with the development and implementation of AM, we find an overall optimistic view of AM. However, the type of knowledge deemed credible to inform AM decision-making is restricted to biophysical, model-based, scientific knowledge. This primarily biophysical framing of AM arises from the objectives and worldviews of actors working in the AM space and gives rise to relatively narrow ways of understanding potential AM risks and solutions to them. While policymakers and government scientists recognize the need to engage industry, Indigenous Peoples, and the general public, these groups are seen as knowledge receivers. We argue that these beliefs about what counts as credible expertise (and who can produce it) have served to exclude other knowledge forms from being considered in decision-making, and in so doing, have limited possibilities for generating transformative change.

National Institute on Aging Workshop: Repurposing Drugs or Dietary Supplements for Their Senolytic or Senomorphic Effects: Considerations for Clinical Trials.

Cell senescence is implicated in numerous age-related conditions. Drugs and nutritional supplements developed for a variety of purposes kill senescent cells (senolytics) or suppress their secretions (senomorphics). There is interest in repurposing such drugs to treat or prevent age-related diseases. To date, only small-scale preliminary trials have been conducted. At a workshop convened by the National Institute on Aging in August 2019, academic, industry, and government scientists reviewed issues for phase II trials of potentially repurposable drugs, or dietary supplements, to assess benefits and risks of their senolytic (killing senescent cells) or senomorphic (altering senescent cells' phenotypes) effects in treating or preventing age-related conditions. Participants reviewed mechanisms and effects of cellular senescence, senolytics, and senomorphics of several classes and their potential role in treating or preventing disease, modulators of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype, needs for senescence markers, data and specimen resources, infrastructure for planning trials, and potential effects on outcomes in older patients with multimorbidity and polypharmacy. Participants noted the importance of considering potential effects of candidate drugs on multiple aging outcomes. It is important to assess drugs' specificity for killing senescent cells and the balance between senolytic and cytotoxic effects. Markers of specific senescent cell types are needed to assess intervention responses. There are potential interactions with coexisting diseases and their treatments in older persons. Standardized measures could enhance comparisons and pooling of data. Additional characterization of human cell senescent phenotypes is needed for developing better and more specific senolytics and senomorphics.

Biden orders sweeping review of government science integrity policies

Biden orders sweeping review of government science integrity policies

Policy Inconsistency between Science and Technology Promotion and Graduate Education Regarding Developing Researchers with Science Communication Skills in Japan

Japan, like other countries, recognizes the need to shift the focus of the public communication of science and technology from science literacy via one-way communication to the public engagement of science and technology via dialogue. During the shift of perspectives, Japanese science policy tried to encourage science communication (SC) by cultivating the professional science communicator and communication capacity of scientists. This study aims to analyze the structural issues of developing science communication, particularly focusing on the gap between science policy and graduate education (GE) policy concerning the human resource development of scientists. The analyses found a lack of science communication development in graduate education policies, despite the emphasis on this in government science and technology (ST) policies. Simultaneously, it showed that there are few training courses for science communication and job recruiting for academic institutions. Discussions for systematic implementation of SC training in the GE system are expected to bridge higher education and ST policies.

Nietzsche: for a Politics of the Individual

Aunque Nietzsche nunca formuló una teoría política real, su crítica de la modernidad y la búsqueda de soluciones alternativas para una elevación del “tipo humano” son ciertamente parte de un proyecto de “große Politik”, que sin embargo pertenece más a la esfera de la filosofía y la cultura que a la de una ciencia del gobierno. En oposición a las organizaciones homologadoras –políticas, económicas, morales– que han robado las energías más peculiares del hombre, Nietzsche trabaja por la promoción de una individualidad fuerte que por sí sola pueda puede prometer construcciones duraderas. La originalidad y la capacidad de incorporar elementos disonantes son para Nietzsche síntomas de una cultura superior: el “buen europeo” del futuro será, por tanto, quien, más allá de las estrechas fronteras personales y nacionales, sabrá abrirse a fructíferas hibridaciones.

Tackling the rise of concerning COVID-19 variants in the UK

As lockdowns lift across the UK, one of government scientists’ main concerns is that new variants of SARS-CoV-2 — which could be more transmissible, more deadly or even able to evade the immune response — will circulate more widely. Outbreaks of the so-called South Africa variant — which has mutations associated with immune escape — […]