Government Scientists Research Articles

PENINGKATAN PENGETAHUAN KELEGISLATIFAN KADER MUDA DPD PARTAI GOLKAR KABUPATEN BANDUNG

Community Service activities (PKM) are aimed at opening wider knowledge about legislation among cadres, getting young cadres who are knowledgeable, reliable and understand the legislative developments that are developing in the Indonesian government and to grow future leaders who are good and right in the legislature. The method used is a lecture through a webinar by providing material on the Democratic Legislative Process with participants. The results of this PkM activity for participants can increase knowledge about legislation, raise awareness about the importance of legislative institutions and develop a mindset in legislative matters for the progress of the Indonesian nation. For universities, in this case UNIKOM can collaborate in various fields with the Regional Representative Council (DPD) of Bandung Regency, especially in the Governance Science Study Program, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences. In addition, it can establish relations between institutions and the community can also convey their aspirations to the young cadres of the DPD Golkar Party, Bandung Regency. Young DPD cadres of the Golkar Party know better and increase their knowledge regarding the legislative process. This is known from several questions asked by several participants and the answers given by the participants were quite satisfactory

Current understanding of AD pathophysiology and impact of amyloid beta-targeted treatments on biomarkers and clinical endpoints.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a fatal, neurodegenerative disease whose pathogenesis includes the buildup of amyloid beta (Aß; one of the defining brain changes of AD) years before clinical symptoms appear. Anti-Aß therapeutics that target the complex underlying AD pathophysiology have been the focus of many recent clinical trials, representing a viable option that may ultimately slow cognitive decline in some patients. Evidence has been accumulating within the science community that plaque-removing monoclonal antibodies can impact Aß, tau, and neurodegeneration, the hallmarks of AD. The spring 2022 Alzheimer's Association's Research Roundtable (AARR) convened leaders from industry and academia, as well as patients, clinicians, and government scientists and regulatory agencies, to discuss the topic, “Current Understanding of AD Pathophysiology & Impact of Amyloid Beta–Targeted Treatments on Biomarkers and Clinical Endpoints.” The meeting addressed two fundamental questions: (1) What is the evidence regarding the relationship between Aß and tau? and (2) What does the evidence show about how anti-Aß therapies alter clinical function? The meeting opened with a series of presentations to lay the groundwork on what we know about the biology of AD, including a primer on various species of Aß and how animal models may inform our understanding of disease progression. The meeting continued with representatives from active, observational studies sharing how biomarker and clinical data contribute to our understanding of Aß, tau, and other pathologies, and subject matter experts who presented modeling data to advance AD treatment strategies. Several major pharmaceutical companies that are AARR members also presented current evidence from multiple phase 2 and 3 clinical trials that manipulation (or removal) of Aß has a clear downstream impact on tau, neurodegeneration, and cognitive/functional measures. At the conclusion of the 2-day meeting, presenters, panelists, and the AARR membership in attendance came to several conclusions based on the scientific evidence presented, discussed and debated. The totality of scientific evidence (clinical trials, animal data, modeling, and observational studies) on Aß is helping our understanding of the downstream effects and overall importance of lowering Aß. Based on data from multiple phase 2 and 3 clinical trials of monoclonal antibodies, there is evidence to support that a change in Aß is associated with a change in tau and clinical endpoints. And finally, biomarker changes in Aß are reasonably likely to predict changes in clinical outcome measures, and should be considered meaningful to all patients who may potentially benefit from these treatments. The spring 2022 AARR meeting not only furthered our understanding of the pathophysiology of AD, but also brought to light the strength of the evidence supporting the hypothesis that a change in Aß can produce meaningful change in biomarkers and clinical endpoints. There is much work to be done, and the scientific community needs to stay focused on defining those tools most appropriate to capture these changes, the populations best suited to enroll in clinical trials, and defining our expectations of what changes can be expected over a particular interval of time. A more detailed report of this meeting will appear in a future issue of Alzheimer's & Dementia.

ANALYSIS OF CHALLENGES AND POTENTIAL FOR VILLAGE ECONOMIC EQUITY THROUGH MSMES IN TULUNGAGUNG REGENCY

This study aims to analyze and describe various challenges and potentials in village economic equality. Based on the facts exposed, there arethe condition of the village is still lagging behind, so it is necessary for the economic empowerment of the MSME community to be proven to contribute to the Indonesian economy. The condition of the village is still lagging behind, so it is necessary to empower the community's economy. MSMEs have an important role in national development, namely employment, income distribution, rural economic development. However, in addition to the various obstacles that arise, there is a potential that creates opportunities to achieve economic equality in the village in accordance with the 17 goals of the SDGs. The research method applied in this research is the qualitative method of content analysis regarding the equitable distribution of the village economy. Data analysis using Nvivo 12 Plus. The results of the study reveal that the potential for village economic equality includes various aspects, namely the support of the central government, SDGs program, participation, technology and information support and natural resources with the highest rating, namely the support of the central government with a figure of 67.07%. The results show that they contribute to the formulation and development of science, especially government science related to the development of village SDGs, especially regarding the challenges and potential for equitable distribution of the village economy.

“Fixing” the nuclear waste problem? The new political economy of spent fuel management in the United States

With continued reliance on nuclear energy in the United States, we are increasingly having to contend with the problem of nuclear waste. Growing quantities of spent nuclear fuel, the lack of permanent storage, and an increasing number of decommissioned nuclear reactors are some of the techno-economic and political realities that have thrust US nuclear waste management into a liminal space of uncertainty. Using a qualitative approach combining policy analysis and case studies, we examine this liminality and the consequent emergence of a new political economy of spent fuel management. Our findings indicate a series of regulatory, organizational and spatial ‘fixes’ have recently emerged to capitalize on the liminality of nuclear waste management in the US. These fixes include the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission's Continued Storage Rule, the proposal of private consolidated interim storage facilities, and the reconfiguration of nuclear waste management corporations into vertically integrated nuclear waste assemblages with private equity involvement. Such developments are potentially problematic in that they are inherently contradictory, temporary, and quick ‘fixes’ that do not solve the underlying societal issues, such as distrust in science and lack of democratic governance and energy justice in decision-making, and in many cases they delay permanent solutions. This work contributes to the fields of economic geography, science and technology studies, and nuclear policy studies, by analyzing novel corporate arrangements and developments in the management of spent nuclear fuel in the US. The findings suggest a need to carefully assess policy solutions across contexts, from nuclear waste management to other rapidly evolving energy sectors.

Improving Water Quality in the Short Beach Neighborhood of Branford, Connecticut, 2019-A Citizen Science Project.

We initiated a collaboration between local government, academia, and citizen scientists to investigate high frequencies of elevated Escherichia coli bacteria levels in the coastal Short Beach neighborhood of Branford, Connecticut. Citizen scientist involvement enabled collection of short-duration postprecipitation outfall flow water samples (mean E. coli level = 4930 most probable number per 100 mL) and yielded insights into scientific collaboration with local residents. A records review and sanitary questionnaire identified aging properties with septic systems (3.3%) and holding tanks (0.6%) as potential sources of the E. coli contamination. (Am J Public Health. 2022;112(9):1261-1264. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2022.306943).

IMPACT ONLINE LEARNING POLICY DROPS SEMESTER GRADES OF STUDENTS OF FISIP IN CENDERAWASIH UNIVERSITY YEAR 2020-2021

This study aims to investigate the impact online learning policy, issued Ministry of Education and Culture Republic of Indonesia, followed Rector of Cendrawasih University and Dean of Faculty of Social and Political Sciences. Policy impact drops semester grades students from seven program studies in Faculty of Social and Political Sciences: Governance Science, Public Administration, Business Administration, International Relations, Anthropology, Welfare, and Library. To analyze problem, Merilee S. Grindle’s policy theory was used. Qualitative research method. The study was conducted in Faculty of Social and Political Sciences of Cenderawasih University year 2020-2021. Study involves 20 respondents: 8 are lecturers of Faculty of Social and Political Sciences and 12 are students of Faculty of Social and Political Sciences. Qualitative analyzed method was used; data collection methods interview, observation, documentation have been analyzed according to the reality. The result shows that the second semester grades of students of batch 2021 drastically drop due to internet trouble, unavailable facilities, infrastructures, and server building for Wi-Fi in Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Cenderawasih University, districts in Papua Province, and districts in West Papua Province. Recommendation for Dean of Faculty of Social and Political Sciences of Cenderawasih University, Rector of Cenderawasih University, Ministry of Education and Culture Republic of Indonesia is to allow face to face learning with number of students grouped into several daily shifts and good implementation of covid-19 health protocols in Faculty of Social and Political Sciences of Cenderawasih University.

The Japanese Government's Science and Innovation Policy

The Japanese Government's Science and Innovation Policy

Sustainable Development Goals and some directions of university education in Georgia

With the purposeful actions of the UN and the participation of the governments of its member states, certain activities are underway in Georgia to fulfill the so-called 17 Sustainable Development Tasks. Government agencies, business representatives, scientists and representatives of various fields are involved in the performance of these tasks. Achieving the above ambitious goals means eradicating world poverty by 2030, tackling social inequality, and preventing environmental catastrophe.At the request of the heads of state, the UN Secretary-General set up a commission of 15 scientists and government agencies from around the world to develop a report on the ongoing transformation for sustainable development. What do scientists dislike about achieving the Sustainable Development Goals by 2030 That to date no country is ready to ensure the desired balance between human well-being and a healthy ecological environment.The authors of the present article tried to present their visions of how science, and in particular university education, can contribute to the achievement of sustainable development goals in Georgia.

Survey Dampak Pelaksanaan MBKM di Prodi Ilmu Pemerintahan FISIP Unikom Tahun 2021

The Independen Learning Policy, students have the opportunity to be able to sharpen their abilities according to their interests and talents which are preparations for their future careers by directly entering the world of work. It is necessary to evaluate the implementation of the MBKM. This study aims to determine the economic and social impact of MBKM policies in the Government Science Study Program, FISIP Unikom. This study uses a survey method with a quantitative approach. The population is students who take part in the MBKM learning program as many as 84 people. The sampling technique uses saturated sampling in which all members of the population are sample. The results showed that 36.9% of respondents knew information about MBKM policies through the Unikom online channel/Unikom IP Study Program. The socialization both offline and online carried out by UNIKOM/IP UNIKOM Study Program was chosen by 29.1% of respondents. The form of MBKM learning activities outside the IP Unikom Study Program, as many as 66.7% chose internships/work practices. As many as 63.1% already know about the procedures and operational guidelines for MBKM policies. Learning activities increase competence outside of UNIKOM as much as 22.6% answered maybe. Regarding studying in other study programs, it can provide a variety of perspectives and additional competencies as much as 81% answered yes. As many as 60.7% answered that it was very useful to join the MBKM program. There is an increase in student soft skills after joining the MBKM program as much as 45.34%. Interest in the MBKM program as much as 52.4% answered very interesting. The conclusion is that the implementation of MBKM in department of Government Science of FISIP Unikom is able to become a special attraction, because it is able to improve the soft skills of students' competencies/skills, especially when dealing with the world of work after they graduate. It can be use as a provision for students to face the world of work after they graduate from college.

Managing the Grey-headed Flying-fox as a threatened species in New South Wales two decades on: threats and conservation issues

ABSTRACT The Grey-headed Flying-fox Pteropus poliocephalus was listed as a vulnerable species by both the New South Wales (NSW) and Australian Governments in 2001. The NSW Government has since collaborated with other organisations and stakeholders on projects and initiatives for flying-fox conservation and population monitoring. While contentious issues for horticulturalists and communities are detailed in a companion paper, this paper examines a number of persistent threats and conservation issues, such as habitat destruction and food shortages, anthropogenic injuries and extreme heat events. While there have been several independent efforts to conserve flying-fox habitat leading up to the recent commencement of a state-wide funding program for flying-fox habitat restoration, the continual loss of foraging habitat to urban development occurring at a greater scale is a conundrum. Flying-foxes suffering from injuries with anthropogenic causes are primarily addressed by wildlife carers rescuing and rehabilitating them. Additionally, preventative actions, such as promotion of wildlife-friendly netting, are implemented by different organisations to reduce injuries. There is also work being done by government agencies, land managers, scientists and wildlife carers to improve heat stress management, including moving towards a more coordinated and collaborative approach for responding to extreme heat events and undertaking scientific research. The diversity of threats affecting the Grey-headed Flying-fox means that the species’ conservation is beyond the capacity of any one organisation and relies on the collaborative efforts of a broad range of stakeholders across the entire species’ range.

The trickle-down of political and economic control: On the organizational suppression of environmental scientists in government science.

In many countries, attempts to suppress scientists as public experts have become more prevalent. In democratic countries, environmental scientists have been a particular focus of control. This article looks at structures and mechanisms of suppression of government researchers. It is based on a qualitative analysis of ten in-depth interviews with environmental researchers being employed or engaged in government science. The analysis is influenced by a power-theoretical perspective on the suppression of science. By analyzing the interviewees’ accounts, it scrutinizes the different ways in which political and economic control can trickle down in research organizations such as state research institutes and come to affect individual researchers. The focus is especially on the interlinking of political and economic influence of external actors with different forms and practices of control at the organizational level. Three forms of such trickle-down are identified and discussed: internalization of political and economic control, external influencing and bureaucratic control, and economic/interest group influence in research organizations. We argue that these forms of control function as a filtering layer of suppression between political and economic control and individual scientists out of the public eye regarding government science.

Crowdsourcing Science and Technology Expertise to Empower Legislative Branch Oversight and Policymaking

As the U.S. and the world struggle through the COVID-19 pandemic, the need for science and technology (S&T) expertise in governance has become even more stark. But in the U.S., the vast majority of legislators and their staffs is generalist, and they have limited resources for engaging with S&T. This can be a barrier to both legislative branch oversight of S&T-related issues and the development of evidence-based public policies, two functions that are especially critical in times of crisis. The obstacles to addressing these gaps have, however, created opportunities for innovations in how lawmakers connect with S&T resources, resulting in new models for scientist-policymaker engagement. Our program, the Congressional Science Policy Initiative , experiments with models for connecting crowdsourced S&T expertise with policymakers, namely, by enriching key congressional hearings with contributions gathered from the science community, organizing advisory councils of scientists and engineers that brief lawmakers, and crowdsourcing technical assistance from the S&T community for legislative initiatives. These activities, which rely on the collective intelligence of the S&T community and have been readily applied to supporting lawmakers’ decision-making processes during the pandemic, have bolstered legislative branch oversight of the executive branch, fact-finding into corporate practices, and evidence-based policymaking.

The Ontology of Government Studies Development: A Systematic Review

Ontology is the process of discussing knowledge from a philosophical point of view. Therefore, this research aims to explain the nature of government studies based on ontology, which is a governmental science used to carry out periodic paradigm shifts. Data was collected from the Scopus database and reviewed using the systematic method. The results showed that government studies are associated with the management of the executive and legislative branches, their leadership, and the relationship between central and local government and between government and society. The study of government science progress is in three phases; the first determines the essence of science in governance and ends with the third phase, which is the development of the concept of good governance. The governance concept is considered a solution to the crisis of lack of public trust in the government and their participation, effectiveness, accountability, and coherence in community activities. This becomes the wheels of government by mono and multi-stakeholder. Collaborative correlation is the initiation by the government to involve the public and the private sector.

OCTA as an independent science advice provider for COVID-19 in the Philippines

We comment on science advice in the political context of the Philippines during the COVID 19 pandemic. We focus on the independent science advisor OCTA Research, whose publicly available epidemiological forecasts have attracted media and government attention. The Philippines government adopted a COVID-19 suppression or “flattening of the curve” policy. As such, it required epidemiological forecasts from science advisors as more scientific information on SARS CoV 2 and COVID 19 became available from April to December 2020. The independent think-tank, OCTA Research has emerged the leading independent science information advisor for the public and government. The factors that made OCTA Research as the dominant science advice source are examined, the diversity of scientific evidence, processes of evidence synthesis and, of evidence brokerage for political decision makers We then describe the dynamics between the government, academic science research and science advisory actors and the problem of science advice role conflation. We then propose approaches for a largely independent government science advisory system for the Philippines given these political dynamics.

The Chain of Business Failures Village Owned Enterprises Gain Profits and Create Community Welfare

This study aims to uncover the chain of Village Owned Enterprises (BUMDes) business failures in the West Halmahera Regency. BUMDes business is a village government business that is run to achieve the goals of profit and society welfare. Empirical facts show that after the Village formed BUMDes and made a sizeable Equity Participation in BUMDes, what happened was that BUMDes BUMdes businesses experienced suspended animation. As a result, until now, the existence of BUMDes has not been able to contribute to Village Original Revenue and improve the welfare of rural communities as expected by the Village and the Community. The researcher uses a qualitative approach with the Transcendental Phenomenology method to achieve this goal. The research information includes elements of the village government, BUMDes managers, and village communities who have been in contact with BUMDes. The study results provide evidence that the failure of the BUMDes business is caused by the high conflict of interest of the village head and the indifference of the Village Consultative Body (BPD) towards BUMDes. This research contributes theoretically to the development of regional financial management science and information material for the West Halmahera Regency Government to make it easier for local governments to break the chain of failure of the BUMDes business.

The diffusion of scientific discoveries in government laboratories: The role of patents filed by government scientists

The study examines the role of a patent filed by government scientists in regard to the dissemination of scientific discoveries in government laboratories. While a patent filed by government scientists decreases the rate of follow-on patents in a technological area that overlaps with the areas of the focal patent, it increases the rate of follow-on patents in non-overlapping technological areas. The increase in follow-on inventions is attributed to risk-taking inventions, that is, inventions involve a high chance of resulting in either impactful or failure patents, rather than incremental inventions. It is also characterized by inventions with a high level of originality. Inventors in distant locations in terms of geographical and technological proximity are most affected by the patents filed by government scientists. The patent effect is pronounced when the government scientists involved in the focal discovery have fewer social connections and when the scientific field is less familiar in the industry. These findings are consistent with the idea that patenting by government scientists helps facilitate the dissemination of technological information or potential of scientific discoveries in government laboratories. Policy and managerial implications are also discussed.

Bridging the gap between science and policy in global health governance

Over the past decades, the political tensions that regularly plague WHO have undermined its authority. Every time an international public health emergency has arisen, WHO has faced internal political gridlock.1 Confidence in the UN agency has dwindled with every health crisis. Today, no one disputes that the political functioning of WHO is an impediment to fulfilling its role as a global health crisis coordinator and promoter of science-based standards. The UN system is still dependent on world politics,2 the failings of which were far too evident during the first months of the COVID-19 crisis.

Government science ambitions require greater funding and wider public understanding

Following the outbreak of COVID-19 and facing the challenges and opportunities of a post-Brexit world, the UK government must deliver on the vision of its innovation strategy with increased funding for scientific research. The success of the life sciences sector will be key to the delivery of the government’s scientific superpower ambitions. Boosting public funding will depend on continued political, and therefore public, support. With reference to his career in politics and industry, Ian Taylor shows how effective communication with the public, providing reassurance and dispelling myths, is central to the sector sustaining success in the long term.

Mediatized Voices of Science: News Media Narratives of Science and Populism in the Philippines

ABSTRACT The news media are presumed to play a central role in bringing science to a wider public. However, the surge of antidemocratic forces helps illuminate the populist and anti-populist tendencies of media in demystifying science. This article shows that science and politics share an intrinsic affinity under contemporary populism. The digital reportage on the science and politics nexus uncovers media populism which largely crystallizes the mediatization of politics in Rodrigo Duterte’s Philippines. A reading of science-related articles published by the leading dominant news media outlets unfolds discursive narratives that impact the watchdog function of the Fourth Estate. “Government science” mainstreams official State accounts including the anti-science sentiments of Duterte. “Reforming science” is a middle-ground, reformist-inspired narrative that features legislative and policy measures. And “alternative science” advances the voices of non-State formations and challenges the administration’s science agenda. The implications of these narratives on media populism are presented.

Models and Methods for Sparse (Hyper)Network Science in Business, Industry, and Government

Models and Methods for Sparse (Hyper)Network Science in Business, Industry, and Government