Government Regulation Research Articles

Challenges and Perspectives for Direct Recycling of Electrode Scraps and End‐of‐Life Lithium‐ion Batteries

AbstractThe growing demand and production of lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) have led to a critical concern regarding their resources and end‐of‐life management. Consequently, LIB recycling has emerged as a prominent topic in academia and in industries, driven by new worldwide governmental regulations and the increasing gap between the supply and demand of critical and strategic raw materials. Widely considered as a more sustainable and cheaper recycling method compared to pyrometallurgy and hydrometallurgy, direct recycling currently grabs the spotlight. This perspective provides insights and outlooks on the chemical and technological challenges of the innovative direct recycling approach for LIBs, addressing both the production scraps and batteries at their end‐of‐life (EOL). Technological advancements, changes in battery chemistry, along with the LIB market dynamics and collaborations between battery makers and recyclers, are key drivers of LIB waste recycling. While production scraps lend themselves well to direct recycling, EOL batteries encounter challenges in adopting this novel recycling technology. Besides, the need to assess novel direct recycling processes using Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is also important for identifying eco‐design strategies and optimizing the processes, leading to a more sustainable energy storage system.

Legal Protection for Victims of Illegal Investment Fraud Using the Ponzi Scheme in Indonesia

This study was conducted through the investigation and analysis of additional criminal reasons for rulgi can be applied as an ulpaya perlindungan victim of investment with a ponzi scheme. Also, reviewing and analyzing Hukum Perlindungan for Victims of Investigative Pellnipulan with Ponzi Skema. This research uses a Normative Juridical approach. While the penelitian that is carried out by pelnelliti is the case study (Casel Approach). The results of this study show two things, namely: 1) At present there are only a few regulations that more or less allude to the discussion of ponzi, including: Law No. 7 of 2014 concerning Trade, Law No. 21 of 2008 concerning Sharia Banking, Law No. 19 of 2016 Jo. Law No. 11 of 2008 concerning Electronic Information and Transactions Government Regulation No. 82 of 2012 concerning the Implementation of Electronic Systems and Transactions. Criminal provisions against investment activities with ponzi / fraudulent schemes are regulated in Article 378 of the Criminal Code and are very closely related to crime and the scope of criminal liability, 2) Compensation as one type of criminal sanction adopted in the new Criminal Code does not provide further explanation about the amount.

The Antinomy of Agrarian Reform Regulations After the Establishment of the Land Bank Authority

The establishment of the Land Bank through Government Regulation No. 64 of 2021 introduces a significant framework designed to secure land availability for public, social, national development, economic equality, land consolidation, and agrarian reform purposes. This regulation marks a new phase in agrarian reform, particularly with the introduction of Presidential Regulation 62 of 2023, which replaces earlier regulations (Nos. 88 of 2017 and 86 of 2018) to streamline and enhance the effectiveness of land reforms. Despite its mandate to allocate 30% of land for agrarian reform, the Land Bank faces challenges due to overlapping land acquisition sources, which often intersect with lands designated for agrarian reform. This research utilizes normative juridical methods to analyze these conflicts between the regulations governing the Land Bank and the enhanced framework provided by the Presidential Regulation on Acceleration of Agrarian Reform. The findings highlight a significant overlap between the targeted lands for agrarian reform and those acquired by the Land Bank. This overlap results in discrepancies in land rights among subjects of land redistribution, who are affected differently depending on whether lands are under the management rights of the Land Bank. The study suggests that legal harmonization efforts are necessary to address these conflicts, recommending the application of Lex superiori derogat legi inferiori, where higher legislation should override lower ones. Such harmonization is critical to resolve norm conflicts and ensure the equitable distribution of land rights, thereby facilitating the objectives of agrarian reform. KEYWORDS : Antinomy, Agrarian Reform, Land Bank

The Obligation of Notary as a Reporter in Efforts to Prevent and Eradicate Money Laundering Crime

Money laundering is a structured and diverse crime, the implementation of which can utilize financial institutions and institutions outside the financial system. In Government Regulation No. 43/2015 on Reporting Parties in the Prevention and Eradication of ML, it is stated that notary is one of the reporting parties. However, this obligation to report conflicts with the obligation to keep the contents of the deed and all information regarding the deed confidential as stipulated in the Notary Position Law. Notaries in carrying out their duties are bound by an oath of office that they must uphold. One of the notary oaths is regarding notary confidentiality as written in Article 4 Paragraph (2) of Law Number 30 Year 2004. In addition, notaries in carrying out their positions, based on Article 16 of UUJN Paragraph (1) letter f, notaries are obliged to "keep confidential everything regarding the deed they make and all information obtained for the making of the deed in accordance with their oath / pledge of office, unless the law determines otherwise". The clash of norms between private law and public law certainly requires legal protection in carrying out their positions. The legal protection applied is related to the guarantee of the rights and obligations of notaries, both regarding their obligations as reporting parties in efforts to prevent and eradicate money laundering crimes and notary obligations in the realm of private law. This legal protection is intended so that notaries can be free from claims or lawsuits in carrying out their obligations as reporting parties in efforts to prevent and eradicate money laundering crimes. KEYWORDS : Notary, Obligations of the Reporting Party, Legal Protection.

Practical pharmacology for the new graduate

New veterinary graduates can be helped by guidance for thera­peutic decision-making when using antimicrobial drugs in bovine practice. Aspects to be considered include empirical therapy in the absence of a definitive diagnosis, governmental regulations, client compliance, therapeutic indications, cost, food safety, and extra-label drug administration.

Asymmetry of the economic development of the Eurasian Economic Union: analysis and recommendations

The article analyses the asymmetry of the development of the Eurasian Economic Union countries (hereinafter referred to as the EAEU). The objective of the work is to analyse the symmetrical development of countries within the framework of the EAEU and to formulate measures and recommendations for increase of the economic potential of the countries. In order to achieve the purpose, the objective of comparative assessment on the basis of three indicators was set and overcome. The three indicators include gross domestic product per capita, investments per capita and average accrued salary. The corresponding calculations were done for each indicator, and graphs were constructed showing the general state of the economic development. During the study, the methods of factor and system analysis were applied. The initial data for the study were the official sources of the statistical authorities of the EAEU countries, the Interstate Statistical Committee of the Commonwealth of Independent States as well as publications and scientific articles related to this topic. The main problem is the uneven economic development of the EAEU member states which leads to negative consequences for strengthening the integration process. As a result of the study, some measures were proposed to achieve the symmetrical development of the countries within the framework of the EAEU, and recommendations were prepared for the effective development of interaction between the member countries of the integration association. Following the results of this work, a conclusion was formulated on strengthening ties between the countries by focusing on a mixed economy with government regulation, infrastructure development and increased investment activity.

Status of Livability in Indonesian Affordable Housing

Indonesia is experiencing population growth, as well as urbanization, thus increasing the needs of housing. As a result, land prices are soaring, and the housing supply cannot meet the demand. The most recent measure to overcome housing problems is the One Million House Program, which aims to provide more than a million homes annually, with the majority of them being simple housing. The main characteristics of simple housing are limited space, limited facilities, and the use of basic materials. Regulation stated that any housing must satisfy the requirement of livable housing, which means the fulfilment of safety, health, and living-area requirements. This paper looks at affordability, livability, and sustainability criteria based on government regulation. It is found that the performance of housing cannot satisfy some of the requirements. The problems come from either inherently limited housing design, occupant requirements, or local climates. The existing research only focuses on one of three factors. Intertwined relationships between the three factors make an integrated approach necessary. A solution based on integrated performance modeling of the criteria is proposed.

Spatio-temporal evolution and driving factors of green innovation efficiency in the Chinese urban tourism industry based on spatial Markov chain

Green innovation in the tourism industry is a sustainable development concept for resource conservation and environmental optimization. The effective measurement of green innovation efficiency in the tourism industry and an accurate understanding of its spatial relationship was significantly important for promoting its sustainable development. Using the SBM-undesirable model, kernel density estimation, and a spatial Markov chain, we explored the spatio-temporal evolution characteristics and influencing mechanisms of urban tourism green innovation efficiency (TGIE) in China between 2000 and 2020. We found that (1) the temporal and spatial changes of TGIE were generally at a lower than medium level and fluctuated throughout country, with a transition in the east, collapse in the middle, and stagnation in the northeast. (2) The dynamic evolution of TGIE always exhibited polarization, but regional coordination was gradually enhanced with strong stability, although it was difficult to achieve leap-forward development. The cities with spatial upward transfer were concentrated mainly in the central and western region and while there were few cities with a downward adjustment, there were obvious asymmetrical spatial spillover effects. (3) The driving factors of TGIE were the overall economic level, industrial structure, government regulation, and education level. These factors had a significant positive relationship with TGIE, while the degree of opening up to the outside world has no significant effect, but the degree of influence, mechanism, and conditions of each factor were strongly regional.

The Impact of Islamic Finance on Carbon Emissions: Lessons from OIC Countries

Environmental degradation especially the spread of emissions per capita in OIC countries has increase very rapidly with one of the factors being sharia bank financing. This study aims to know the financing of sharia banking and the other common factors in influencing emissions per capita in OIC countries. The method that will be used is panel data analysis with the Generalized Least Square (GLS) weighting model Fixed Effect Model (FEM). The results of this study indicate that Islamic bank financing, real GDP per capita, and trade openness have a positive and significant effect on emissions per capita. Then from the results of this study indicate that urbanization has a negative but it’s not significant effect on emissions per capita. The results of this study can be used as a basis for sustainability policies in the government and company regulations such as the application of the concept of green industry and the development of clean and environmentally friendly technologies and sharia banking in OIC countries can provide sustainable financing so that the financing provided is not only profit-oriented but also realizes green financing for the community and companies in general.

Exploring attributes of global CCS projects and the key factors to their accomplishment based on the CCUS project database

In recent decades, the serious excessive level of carbon emissions has become the worthiest of human consideration to alleviate the problem. The negative impacts of carbon emissions on human beings involve a variety of aspects, such as sea level rise, deforestation, air pollution, global warming, etc. Any one of these issues could cause serious negative impacts on human society. In a large number of relevant studies, Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) programs are considered to be the most promising and effective approach. The carbon produced during production is captured and transported to rock formations deep underground where it is centrally stored. There are nearly 300 CCS plants in operation around the world that demonstrate the feasibility of such projects. However, one relevant question is whether the project is costly and has barriers to deploy at a scale. We gathered a comprehensive list of large-scale CCS projects globally by utilizing the CCUS Projects Database. We then conducted a comparative analysis of these projects across various categories of project status, ensuring comparability by standardizing cost and extraction figures for each project. We found that the cost of Capture and Storage Projects is the highest, followed by just Capture Projects and just Storage Projects. These plants predominantly exist in developed regions: the U.S. hosts the most, then Europe, parts of Australia, with fewer plants scattered globally. Based on detailed project-specific information, we found that that the two most common reasons for suspended or closed plants are high costs without sufficient financial support and the impact of government agencies permissions and regulation. As such, improvement in the capital market and more policy support would be crucial for the deployment and operation of Carbon Capture and Storage projects.

MEANING SOLE PROPRIETORSHIP BASED ON ACT CREATE WORK IN FRAMEWORK PERSPECTIVE LEGAL HERMENEUTICS

The problem of the Tender Offer is sticking to the surface, among others, because there have been several cases involving the Takeover of a Public Company by another Party, thus causing losses to other Shareholders, especially the Public Shareholders. Regulations regarding take over and tender over are contained in Law Number 8 of 1995 concerning the Capital Market and Government Regulations number 27 of 1998. In 2011 the Government enacted Law Number 21 of 2011 concerning the Financial Services Authority which resulted in the transfer of power regarding the regulation regarding macroeconomics shifts from Bank Indonesia to OJK which includes the Take Over and Tender Offer processes. In 2020 PT. Garudafood Putra Putri Jaya, Tbk. Taking Over to PT. Mulia Boga Raya, Tbk. This study aims to determine the arrangement of Tender Offers in Indonesia and the impact of the Takeover on a Public Company that was taken over. The form of research in the writing of this journal is the jurisdiction of normative legal research using the statutory approach. The legal materials used are of two types, namely primary legal materials and secondary legal materials.

REVALUASI AKTIVITAS DI PENDIDIKAN TINGGI SETELAH PANDEMI COVID-19 UNTUK NEGARA BERKEMBANG

The higher education academic system has been affected due to COVID-19 Pandemic. Nowadays, the adjustment in curriculum and research adapt to the pandemic and be used in the future. The research aims to give an evaluation in education and research system in higher education during the pandemic. Moreover, this approach can give the direction for changes and adaptations for this era. The research method uses article reviews in several reputable journal websites, reports, and government regulation continued with comparative analysis. The result is the higher education has affected severely during the pandemic. Tridharma activities need to be evaluated to accommodate the best solving problem for this problem. Almost all Universities in Indonesia has changed their learning system to online and limited research conducted. Furthermore, the biggest challenge lies in internet connection and technology knowledge. In the end, complete evaluation becomes an obligation to fulfil the new learning system before being implemented after the pandemic. Technology investment and quality assurance also need to consider to decide the best learning method for the future.

Unveiling Agricultural Shifts through Stakeholder Interactions and Strategic Dynamics in Green Rice Production

This study explores the strategic interactions among the government, growers, and the public within the context of green rice production, employing an evolutionary game theory framework. Recognizing the intricate dynamics of agricultural sustainability, we construct a three-party evolutionary game model to investigate the strategic decision-making processes and stability conditions of each stakeholder. The model assesses how various strategies evolve under the influence of economic incentives, regulatory measures, and public engagement. Through analytical and numerical methods, including stability analysis and MATLAB 2020b simulations, we identify the Evolutionarily Stable Strategies (ESS) that signify sustainable practices in green rice production. The results reveal that as government incentives for green production increase and fines for non-green practices are enforced, the likelihood of growers adopting sustainable practices significantly rises. Furthermore, the strategic enhancement of economic incentives and reputational factors not only bolsters governmental regulatory commitment but also reduces the necessity for public supervision, demonstrating a systemic shift towards self-regulation and market-driven sustainability. The simulations demonstrate the system’s evolution towards a stable state where governmental regulation is fully enforced, growers adopt green production universally, and public supervision becomes redundant. The findings underscore the importance of designing policy interventions that harmonize economic and environmental objectives, suggesting that well-structured incentives and regulatory measures can catalyze the transition towards sustainable agricultural practices. Additionally, our study highlights the pivotal role of establishing effective incentive structures that ensure the economic benefits of green production outweigh the costs, facilitating an autonomous regulatory system. This study contributes to the understanding of how strategic interactions shaped by policy and market forces can foster agricultural sustainability.

Ignorance and Environmental History: The Opening of an Arctic Offshore Oil Frontier, 1968–1976

Ignorance holds untapped explanatory power for environmental history, in the Arctic and beyond. I define ignorance as a state of limited knowledge, held by groups, and produced through social processes. The case study is the opening of an oil frontier in the Canadian Beaufort Sea between 1968 and 1976. Drawing from a growing body of scholarship on ignorance, as well as newly available governmental and oil industry records, I review three concepts environmental historians can use to analyse the production of ignorance. These concepts are: proprietary knowledge, selective transmission and undone research. Taken together, these concepts make visible a set of political, economic and environmental conditions that allowed ignorance to shape the approval of the first offshore drilling programme in the Canadian Beaufort Sea. Ultimately, this case study demonstrates that ignorance – like its cousins doubt or uncertainty – has been a resource that extractive industries and governmental regulators have manipulated to navigate evolving requirements of environmental planning.

The Factors Hindering the Effective Development of SMEs Businesses in Tanzania a Review Study

The development of SMEs worldwide is dependent upon a favourable business situation. However, SMEs in Tanzania confront a number of obstacles that prevent them from growing, including a lack of funding, inadequate market accessibility, a lack of entrepreneurial expertise and skills, bureaucracy, lack of business training, lack of good infrastructure, a lack of collateral, low production, unfavourable regulations, corruption, the motivation of the business owners, limited access to information, inadequate raw materials and other related factors. The significance of the study is to review on the issues preventing Tanzanian SMEs from developing. The SMEs, businesses have been demanded as the backbone for the growth of economic in almost all the developing countries including Tanzania. In Tanzania it has contributed almost 30% of the national GDP, and almost 20-30% of the total labour force, thus 3-4 million people employed. Therefore the paper has addressed some factors internal, external and other related factors as reviewed that act as the setbacks towards the SMEs development. The study has focused on literature review of different articles, research and case studies done. Mwanza region was chosen as one of the case study because of great opportunity to SMEs in the region, which if could be well utilized could add high Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of the country. The SMEs involved are such as; retail shops, bars, restaurants, hotels, playing stations, decoction centres, stationeries, etc Tanzania To achieve the intended objective, the researcher developed research question that was aimed at assessing the factors affecting performance and development of SMEs, contributions and solutions to SMEs. Data were collected from literature review of paper and cited by the author concerning Tanzania. The finding showed that most of the SMEs fails to develop due to; failure to access financial support, lack of business skills, poor technology used due to lack of awareness, lack of enough government support, high taxes imposed , failure to comply with government regulations, sudden change in climatic conditions and government rules. The study concluded by suggesting and further recommended on the better strategies that SMEs could implement with the government support like; government should always work and collaborate with SMEs in all areas by implementing favourable business policies, financial institutions should impose affordable and easy regulation to access loan that supports the SMES operations. Also the SMEs owners and employees should be given enough skills to help them perform better and copy with the daily change in technology advancement to assure effective and efficiency performance of the SMEs for their future sustainability in Tanzania.

Analisis Pelarangan Operasional Tiktok Shop Dalam Langkah Pengambilan Keputusan Melalui Perspektif Problem Tree Analysis

The controversial TikTok Shop case has become a hot topic of discussion lately. The violation committed by the TikTok company is combining online buying and selling platforms with social media platforms. Legally in Indonesia, this is considered illegal and has a negative impact on the sustainability of domestic MSMEs and causes various other problems. The government revised the old Permendag, namely No. 50 of 2020, which did not clearly emphasize the legal PMSE system in Indonesia, which also discussed the social commerce system. The issue of TikTok violating PMSE is an interesting thing to study regarding the relationship between the government's decision to issue a policy to stop TikTok Shop and its driving factors. Researchers use descriptive research methods with a qualitative approach. Literature study and documentation are data collection techniques used in this study. The data analysis technique used is the Problem Tree Analysis approach. While the focus of his research is on PMSE violations by TikTok Companies in Indonesia. From this research, it was found that there is an unclear legal and regulatory umbrella from government regulations regarding PMSE itself. And there are also various consequences caused by TikTok Shop violations that have fatal consequences on the country's economy and domestic MSMEs. For this reason, legal clarity must be paid more attention to by the government so that when there is increasingly rapid technological development as well as increasingly complex systems do not create problems due to technology gaps.

Reducing carbon emissions in prefabricated buildings supply chains: a focus on component manufacturing processes.

The construction sector accounts for 23% of emissions from global economic activity, with China responsible for nearly 41%. Although China has vigorously promoted the development of prefabricated buildings (PBS) in pursuit of cleaner production, the carbon emissions from prefabricated component factories (PCF) should not be underestimated. So, the focus of this research was on how to promote the decarbonization of PCF. Based on the carbon trading market mechanism, the carbon emissions trading tax and revenue tax collection, the authors established a differential game model consisting of the local government and the PCF, studied the equilibrium solutions under different decision models, and analyzed the roles of the two tax systems, carbon trading revenue, and market preferences. The results are as follows: (1) The PCF's low-carbon technology (LCT) innovation efforts can be directly affected by the carbon price, component price, and tax rate and indirectly affected by influencing the local government's efforts. Besides, the local government and the PCF strategies can be changed through the central government's regulation of carbon prices and tax rates. (2) PCF should set reasonable prices for components, improving economic efficiency and the LCT stocks. (3) Cost-sharing contracts can encourage PCF to increase their LCT innovation, which is conducive to increasing the optimal benefits of the PCF. (4) The local government cannot be motivated by cost-sharing contracts. They can increase their optimal benefits only if the cost-sharing coefficient is below a threshold or if the environmental benefits from low-carbon production are above a specific value.

Assessing knowledge and practice of online medication purchasing: A pilot study

Background: Online Medication Purchasing (OMP) has emerged as a growing concern because of the risk of receiving falsified products and the irrational use of medicines. Despite the government regulation about OMP, more is needed to know whether the residents are aware of this regulation. Objective: The study aimed to determine the level of knowledge & practice of OMP and to estimate the factors correlated to it. Method: A pilot project was conducted in the Wanasari village, Cibitung district, Bekasi. A validated questionnaire determined the sociodemographics, knowledge, and practice of 92 participants regarding OMP. A multivariate logistic regression was performed to measure the predictors of OMP knowledge. Result: The study showed that slightly over half of the participants have adequate knowledge of OMP (58.7%). Nevertheless, poor knowledge predominantly emerged regarding legal access to antibiotics and controlled medicines. Adequate knowledge of OMP increased for participants with higher education (OR:20.202; 95%CI:3.488-117.020; p = 0.001) and being active workers (OR:8.365; 95%CI:1.974-35.435; p = 0.004). Conclusion: Education and employment determine OMP knowledge. This study confirms that educational interventions are required to promote good OMP practice and protect health customers from the adverse effects of falsified medications.

Dying to Understand How Electronic Word of Mouth Legitimates Sustainable Innovations in Stigmatized Markets

Entrepreneurs entering stigmatized markets face barriers to entry beyond those encountered in traditional markets. Yet, little research examines factors influencing the diffusion of these goods and services. Through the lens of institutional theory, this paper proposes and demonstrates the application of a conceptual model outlining the process by which stigmatized innovations become (de-)institutionalized. We combine mixed methods by blending qualitative with quantitative tools to analyze the legitimating influence of electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM) over time. Our findings suggest that dichotomized consumer preferences stem from normative (natural and benevolent versus artificial and malevolent), cultural-cognitive (ecological health and sustainable services versus public health and traditional services), and regulatory (government rule versus market rule) binaries that influence the deinstitutionalization of orthodoxy (utopian versus dystopian worldviews). Notwithstanding, we show that, in stigmatized markets, consumers look to eWOM to inform their choices, which can aid in deinstitutionalizing rational myths and help perpetuate service innovation. We also find that in stigmatized markets, the existing industry does not show a predictable response to societal pressures for service innovations that promote social wellbeing and sustainability.

Leadership and management in high-growth environments: effective strategies for the clean energy sector

The clean energy sector stands at the forefront of global efforts to combat climate change and transition towards sustainable energy sources. In this rapidly evolving landscape, effective leadership and management are crucial for driving innovation, managing growth, and navigating complex challenges. This abstract presents an overview of key strategies for leadership and management tailored to the unique demands of high-growth environments within the clean energy sector. Firstly, visionary leadership is essential for setting ambitious goals and inspiring teams to pursue innovation and excellence. Leaders must possess a deep understanding of market trends, technological advancements, and regulatory landscapes to effectively steer their organizations towards success. Additionally, adaptive leadership skills are necessary to respond swiftly to changing market dynamics and capitalize on emerging opportunities. Strategic management plays a critical role in ensuring the efficient allocation of resources, optimizing operations, and scaling up business operations sustainably. Talent acquisition and retention are key priorities, requiring a focus on attracting diverse talent and fostering a culture of continuous learning and development. Furthermore, building a culture of innovation and sustainability is essential for driving long-term success in the clean energy sector. Companies must encourage entrepreneurial thinking, foster collaboration across disciplines, and prioritize environmental stewardship in their operations. Despite the immense potential of the clean energy sector, companies face regulatory and policy hurdles that require proactive engagement and advocacy efforts. Navigating government regulations, advocating for pro-renewable policies, and engaging with stakeholders are critical components of effective leadership and management in this space. Through case studies and best practices, this abstract highlights successful leadership and management models, lessons learned from industry leaders, and emerging trends shaping the future of the clean energy sector. By embracing these strategies, leaders can position their organizations for sustainable growth and contribute to the global transition towards a clean energy future. Keywords: Leadership, Management, High-Growth Environments, Clean Energy Sector.