Government Policy Research Articles

Financial soundness and subjective financial well-being: Do government policies matter?

Does government policy intervention enhance citizens’ financial well-being, particularly when considering the increased financial soundness attributed to the private sector? This study empirically addresses this question, using data from more than 200,000 individuals worldwide. To provide causal evidence, we employ a two-stage least squares (2SLS) ­approach with a high-dimensional fixed-effect estimator, which captures multiple levels of control and addresses endogeneity concerns. Our findings suggest that (i) improvements in financial soundness — proxied by domestic credit development — significantly ­increase financial satisfaction, whereas (ii) surprisingly, government interventions, whether in the form of policies tightening or loosening, tend to erode this positive effect. This outcome may reflect either (i) ineffective interventions or (ii) the government ­serving as a scapegoat for a decline in subjective financial well-being. Our findings imply that to optimize public satisfaction, governments should approach interventions in the private sector with caution, thereby strengthening government legitimacy.

Determinants of social welfare in Brazil after the 2000s

The debate on economic development and welfare highlights that, in the traditional economy, quality of life is linked to the space of utilities and the increase in the monetary wealth of nations. However, from a broader perspective, development should be assessed based on its contributions to individual freedoms and the expansion of capabilities, promoting the improvement of quality of life. In this sense, the income inequality present globally aggravates social challenges. Thus, the problem of the work focuses on analyzing the impacts on the welfare of the Brazilian population between the years 2000 and 2020, in the face of economic shocks and government policies. The research uses statistical data, descriptive and econometric analyses to construct a Welfare Index, created through the Principal Components method. This index indicated 2000 as the worst year in terms of quality of life and 2014 as the best. Subsequently, the relationship of the index with the money supply (M1) and the Selic rate was evaluated through a Vector Autoregressive (VAR) model. The analyses of Impulse-Response Functions and variance decomposition indicated that the welfare index itself is the main determinant of quality of life in the period studied, that is, the better the quality of life, the better the quality of life will be in the following period. The results highlight the relevance of policies that expand individual freedoms and capabilities to promote social welfare.

Open Government Analysis: A Case From Banggai

This research aims to analyze the bibliometrics of Banggai open government and the policy content of Banggai Regency in implementing open government. This research uses a qualitative approach with bibliometric analysis and content analysis methods. This research uses secondary data sourced from google scholar and Banggai government policy documents. The results of this research show that there are 130 studies, 786 citations, 14 h-index, and 24 g-index. This shows that this study is in demand and has high productivity. There are 1242 total link strengths, 456 occurrences, 104 items, and 12 clusters. Themes that rarely receive attention are standard data, collaboration, the private sector, inclusiveness, and data publication. These themes have the potential to be studied in the future. There is harmony between the dominant themes and Banggai government policies. The themes that dominate are Banggai one data, participatory waste management, integrated agricultural systems, and pregnant women services. Meanwhile, Banggai government policies include online services for pregnant women, participatory waste management, Banggai One Data, and the utilization of yards through an integrated agricultural system. This shows that the role of researchers is very large in implementing open government in Banggai district.

MEDIA RESPONSE TO IRAN'S ATTACK ON ISRAEL IN TEL AVIV: AN ANALYSIS OF WESTERN, MIDDLE EASTERN, AND INDONESIAN MEDIA TEXTS

ABSTRACTThis study aims to analyze media texts against the Iranian attack on Israel in Tel Aviv, using a discourse analysis approach that focuses on how texts are constructed and meaning is produced. In the context of the conflict involving Iran and Israel, the media plays an important role in shaping public opinion and narratives about the events. Through the media text analysis approach, the focus is on media responses from the West, the Middle East, and Indonesia. By examining the choice of words, the narratives used, as well as the emphasis in media coverage, we can understand how these stories are presented and interpreted in different regional and cultural contexts. In addition, this research will also explore how the discourse affects the public understanding of the conflict in the Middle East and influences government policies and public attitudes towards the event. The findings of this study are expected to provide insight into the role of the media in shaping social and political reality, as well as highlight the importance of criticism of narratives dominated by certain interests.Keywords: Iran Attack, Israel, Tel Aviv, Media Response

MAPPING ISLAM: New Order Policy, Mosque Distribution, and Religious Dynamics in West Java, Indonesia

One of the key factors shaping the religious landscape in Indonesia is the strategic policies implemented by the New Order Government. This article examines how these policies influenced the geographic distribution of mosques and the subsequent religious dynamics in West Java. Additionally, it investigates the impact of government policies on the formation and development of religious organizations and Islamic communities across different regions, with a specific focus on West Java. This study employs a historical method by analyzing government archives, historical documents, and mosque establishment data. Spatial analysis is used to correlate mosque locations with centers of social, economic, and political activity. The findings indicate that the New Order government's mosque construction policy directly shaped the spatial distribution of mosques in West Java. The placement of mosques during the New Order era prioritized areas with concentrated Muslim population, aligning with the government's strategy to monitor religious organizations. By strategically placing mosques, which often serve as the center of life for Muslim communities, the New Order aimed to control Muslim activities. This article contributes to a deeper understanding of the complex interplay between state power, religion, and spatial politics in Indonesia.

Current status, performance characteristics and future perspective of electric tractor

<p align="justify">Electric tractors with its cutting-edge technological improvements represent a transformative shift in agricultural technology for achieving the broad objectives of sustainable and environment friendly farming practices. This review examines the current status, performance characteristics, and future perspectives of electric tractors, focusing on their potential to replace traditional diesel models. The analysis highlights the advantages of electric tractors, including lower operational costs, reduced maintenance, and zero emissions, which contribute to quieter and cleaner agricultural operations. This transformation is witnessing several challenges in terms of high initial costs, limited battery life and the need for extensive charging infrastructure. The performance of electric tractors, particularly in extreme climates, is also a significant concern, with battery efficiency and power output varying under different environmental conditions. Despite these challenges, advancements in battery technology and propulsion systems, along with supportive government policies, are paving the way for greater adoption of electric tractors. The review also discusses the variability in regional adoption rates, with Europe leading due to strong regulatory support, while other regions like North America and Asia-Pacific are witnessing sluggish growth. The integration of electric tractors into precision agriculture and smart farming systems presents exciting opportunities for the future, boosting both productivity and sustainability. The investment in innovations and infrastructure related to electric tractor and renewed supportive policies from the governmental sector can usher a revolution in agricultural production system with lower environmental impact.</p>

ABORDAR A INSEGURANÇA ALIMENTAR E NUTRICIONAL DAS FAMÍLIAS ATRAVÉS DE UM CURRÍCULO ESCOLAR ENRIQUECIDO

In recent years, several South African Government policies as well as community-focused interventions have been put into effect in an attempt to address household food and nutrition insecurity. This drive is based on the continued challenge of malnutrition, non-communicable diseases, food and nutrition insecurity, as well as hunger within the country. When considering suitable platforms for such health promotion interventions, schools are regarded as suitable environments and unique resources that can promote quality of life, community-wide health and collective well-being through the implementation of school-based interventions. Against this background, we undertook a participatory research project in three purposefully selected primary schools in a resource-constrained community in South Africa, with the purpose of developing and implementing a school-based intervention with Grade 4 to 6 learners to support healthy food and dietary practices in the community. To be more specific, the Wellness in Lifestyle, Intake, Fitness and Environment (Win-LIFE) intervention aimed to facilitate positive change in terms of healthy food choices, production, preparation and consumption within the participating community. The intervention was conceptualised in collaboration with teachers, school principals, governmental officials, university informants and parents of the participating schools, to be facilitated by teachers as part of the national school curriculum in the subjects Life Skills, and Natural Sciences and Technology. The findings of our study indicate that the Win-LIFE intervention was successful in enriching the national school curriculum. As such, we argue in this article that schools can act as sites for social change in vulnerable communities.

Developing the Desert: How Qatar Achieved Dairy Self-Sufficiency Through Baladna

This case study analyzes how Qatar rapidly achieved dairy self-sufficiency through public–private partnerships following the 2017–2021 blockade. Specifically, it examines the role of Baladna, Qatar’s leading dairy company, in scaling up its domestic production through alignment with government policies. A mixed-methods approach was employed, combining semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders from the Qatari government and Baladna and a review of Baladna’s internal documents and reports. Thematic content analysis was used to identify key themes, and data from Baladna’s reports were triangulated to validate the findings. Collaboration between Qatar’s government and Baladna ensured the self-sufficiency of domestic dairy demand, expanding operations with new products and exports, and strengthening supply chains. However, reliance on government support raises sustainability concerns, highlighting the need for efficiency and diversification. This partnership aligns with national policies, such as the Qatar National Food Security Strategy 2018–2023, and offers insights into how public–private collaborations can promote growth and supply security while balancing state support with market dynamics. This case study highlights how the blockade crisis catalyzed effective public–private collaboration, driving rapid growth in Qatar’s dairy sector to meet domestic demand. The lessons from Qatar’s developmental approach can provide insights for resource-rich countries struggling with food insecurity.

Antecedents For the Adoption of Telemedicine in India: Scale development and validation

Background: Telemedicine is increasingly recognized as a promising solution to healthcare challenges in India, particularly in remote areas. However, the country's vast population and geographic diversity present significant obstacles to providing accessible and high-quality healthcare services to all citizens. By leveraging technology, telemedicine has the potential to bridge this gap and enable remote delivery of medical services. Objective: This study aims to develop and validate a scale that assesses the factors influencing the adoption of telemedicine in the Indian context. Understanding these factors is crucial for identifying key drivers and barriers to telemedicine adoption in India. Design: Quantitative methods were employed for scale development. The instrument development process involved several stages: factor identification, item generation, pre-testing, pilot testing, and scale validation. A structured questionnaire was administered to healthcare professionals, industry experts, and patients who have used or intend to use telemedicine. Setting: Confirmatory factor analysis and subsequent tests, such as reliability and validity tests were conducted to establish the internal consistency of the scales. These statistical analyses aimed to identify underlying factors and ensure accurate measurement of latent variables that affect the adoption of telemedicine. Results: The study established a robust scale to assess the five key factors, which are the vital explanatory variables in telemedicine adoption in India. These meticulously validated scales, encompassing technology, government policy, user attitudes, societal demand, and healthcare professional perspectives, demonstrate high reliability and validity in understanding the adoption dynamics of telemedicine in the context of India. Conclusion: This research offers a validated scale for assessing telemedicine adoption in India, crucial for healthcare service providers, policy makers, and researchers in this field. It enables informed decisions in implementing telemedicine, addressing unique challenges and opportunities, and significantly contributing to optimizing healthcare delivery across India's diverse socio-economic and geographical landscape.

Single-person household and local government expenditure: evidence from South Korea

AbstractThe global rise in single-person households represents a significant demographic shift with profound implications for government policy, where the household serves as a primary unit of analysis. This study examines the implications of this trend on local government expenditure, focusing specifically on Korea, a nation grappling with unprecedented challenges such as low birth rates, an aging population, and a surge in single-person households. From a public financial perspective, we analyze the causal relationship between the increase in single-person households and local government spending through instrumental variable estimation. Our findings indicate that the expansion of single-person households leads to increased local government expenditure, with variations across age groups, urban-rural divides, and expenditure categories. Based on these findings, we discuss policy implications, emphasizing the need for tailored responses to address the evolving dynamics of household structures and their impact on public finances.

Analyzing Contemporary Developments in Hyderabad's Periphery: Beyond the Core

This chapter explores the varied topography of Hyderabad's outlying regions and looks into recent changes that have been transforming these formerly unnoticed regions. The outskirts of Hyderabad have become a dynamic area with its own distinct set of trends and challenges as urbanisation and economic growth soar in the city's centre. The study looks at the variables influencing infrastructural development, the growth of business and IT parks on the outskirts of the city, and the increase of residential and commercial space. The study also examines the effects of these advancements, focusing on the socioeconomic and environmental repercussions. It also investigates how urban planning, land use laws, and government policies have affected Hyderabad's change. Finally, the article offers insightful information about the changing geography of periphery areas in a fast-expanding Hyderabad. It emphasises the necessity of sustainable, inclusive, and balanced development policies to guarantee Hyderabad's core and periphery grow together in harmony.

THE FEATURES OF THE PROCESS OF DEVELOPING CULTURAL POLICY AND ITS DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION IN SOUTH KOREA

This article discusses the closed door policy of korean culture and its transition to an open door policy, as well as the impact of various reforms on culture. Highlighted the role of the state in the emergence and expansion of cultural policy. In the course of the work, a comparative historical method of analyzing cultural policy was used. It was found that the neoliberal approach of the government led to the creation of a cultural policy that has a powerful impact on the economy. The main purpose of the article is to substantiate the peculiarities of the development of cultural policy on the example of South Korea. The research methods in the work were the study of literature in the field under study and the analysis of materials on cultural policy, as well as the development of cultural and creative industries in South Korea. This article substantiates the role of the government in cultural policy, and the role of cultural policy for the state as an economic factor. Discussed the internal logic of the development of cultural policy and the South Korean way of development after Japanese colonialism. The article asserts the importance of state intervention in cultural policy, which has created an effective guarantee system. Despite significant works on the cultural policy of South Korea, there are few works in a comparative historical approach in Kazakhstan. Therefore, the theoretical and practical significance of the article is that the work can be useful for representatives of the scientific community who are interested in the cultural policy of South Korea.

Incessant Price Increase of Petroleum Products and Entrepreneurial Sustainability in Nigeria: The Case of Delta State

The continuous rise in petroleum prices poses significant challenges for entrepreneurial sustainability in Nigeria, particularly impacting small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Delta State. This study examines the direct and indirect effects of fuel price increases on SMEs' operational costs, profitability, and long-term viability. Utilizing a mixed survey methods approach of data from 200 SMEs and interviews of 50 entrepreneurs reveal that rising fuel costs elevate business operational cost, reduce profitability, and constrain growth potential. The study also assesses the effectiveness of government policies to address the challenges posed by the incessant price increase and found that the current support measures are insufficient to alleviate the financial strain on SMEs. Recommendations include government-backed subsidies for renewable energy adoption, tax relief, infrastructure investment, and training in cost management to enhance SMEs' resilience against fluctuating fuel prices. These insights will contribute to policy discussions aimed at fostering economic stability and sustainability for Nigeria's entrepreneurial sector.

Pengaruh Kepemimpinan, Kompetensi dan Motivasi Terhadap Perlindungan Anak Melalui Kebijakan Pemerintah Pada Dinas Sosial Kota Makassar

Leadership, competence, and motivation are key aspects that greatly influence government policies in child protection that are strategic in the efforts of the government and related institutions to protect the rights and welfare of children, especially at the operational level such as social services or child protection institutions. This study aims to analyze the direct and indirect influence of leadership, competence and motivation on child protection through government policies. The study was conducted at the Makassar City Social Service, using a quantitative approach. The data collection technique (instrument) used was a survey and questionnaire. The population and sample used full sampling of 107 respondents. Data analysis consisted of validity testing consisting of Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), Convergent Valdity, Average Variance Extracted (AVE), Discriminant Validity and reliability testing. Furthermore, quantitative analysis using Partial Least Square (PLS). The results of the study found that the variables of leadership, competence, and motivation directly had a positive and significant effect on government policies and child protection. Furthermore, indirectly the variables of leadership, competence, and motivation had a positive and significant effect on child protection through government policies.

Stabilizing Economic Growth Since Covid-19 Pandemic: Evidence from OIC Country

This research investigated how the government stabilized its economy in terms of government spending during the global crisis of the COVID-19 pandemic. This study also tried to identify whether there is a difference in the amount of government spending from the aspect of government spending before the global crisis of the COVID-19 pandemic and after the global crisis of the COVID-19 pandemic. The data covered all members of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) spread across 4 continents. In looking at which factors affect economic growth, multiple linear regression is used, and a comparative test is carried out by conducting a Different Paired Sample T-Test. After testing in this study, researchers found that there were differences in government policies in terms of government spending carried out before the global crisis of the COVID-19 pandemic and after the global crisis of the COVID-19 pandemic. The independent variables used in the study had a significant positive influence except for the population. This research also shows that the government's efforts to maintain economic growth by increasing government spending are policies that have been implemented globally. This research is expected to provide recommendations for policies that can be implemented by the government in an effort to stabilize the economy, including increasing per capita income, increasing the human development index, and increasing trade activities abroad and domestically.

Effects of Migration on Farm Labour among Rice Farmers in Mamou Prefecture, Guinea Conakry

Abstract One of the critical assets directed at agricultural production is labour. In this context, the effects of migration on farm labour among rice farmers in Mamou Prefecture, Guinea Conakry, were assessed. To achieve this goal, 140 respondents were sampled using a multi-stage sampling procedure. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyse the data to present results and test for correlation between ranked variables. Prominent among the push factors responsible for farm labour migration were poverty ( , sd = 0.83), poor healthcare services ( , sd = 0.74) and unemployment sd = 0.61),) while good government policies ( , sd = 0.75) and food security ( , sd = 0.63) were the pull factors. The highest-ranked migration types with effects on farm labour migration were short term ( , sd = 0.45), internal ( , sd = 0.78) and individual ( , sd = 1.45) migration. Farm labour was unavailable (77.1%) in the study area on a cumulative scale. There was an inverse relationship between unemployment (rho = −0.019, p = 0.024), method of land preparation (rho = −0.219, p = 0.009), marital status (rho = −0.178, p = 0.036), family/friends (rho = −0.184, p = 0.030) and farm labour availability, whereas the relationship was direct for the availability of raw materials for production (rho = 0.240, p = 0.004) and farm labour availability. The enacting and sustaining of enabling government policies to improve the livelihoods and the intensifying of agricultural mechanisation are recommended in order to stem migration and sustain farm labour availability.

"One-size-fits-all" or "Collusion"?— Current Chinese Local Government Policy Implementation Choices for Energy Conservation and Environmental Protection

In recent years, the Chinese central government has issued a series of energy conservation and environmental protection policies to promote China 's ecological civilization construction. As the main executor of the central government 's energy conservation and environmental protection policy, local governments in China should have implemented the policy as required. However, some local governments in China, regardless of the specific reality of the implementation object and policy environment, promote the implementation of the policy in a simple “One-size-fits-all” way, while other local governments selectively implement the central policy and resort to fraud in the face of inspections. Grassroots governments and local governments at higher levels are so tacitly " conspiring " that the ecological and environmental protection policies of the Chinese central government cannot be fully implemented and the policy effectiveness cannot be fully demonstrated. Why do China 's local governments still have these situations in the process of policy implementation when the Chinese central government explicitly prohibits them ? Why do local governments make a choice between “One-size-fits-all” and " collusion " ? Taking the implementation of energy conservation and emission reduction policies and environmental protection policies in S city of China as an example, this paper puts forward the analysis framework of " local government execution resources-time " to analyze the behavior choice of local governments in China. This study finally found that under the common pressure of completing tasks and superior inspections, Chinese local governments will choose to adopt “One-size-fits-all” behavior or " collusion " behavior according to the matching degree of their own execution resources and time resources. The research in this paper helps to better understand the logic of Chinese local governments ' choice of policy implementation methods, and also has certain reference significance for Chinese local governments ' choice of policy implementation methods in other fields.

Framework for Industry 4.0 Adoption Strategies in Indian Manufacturing Industries: A SWOT and N-ISM Approach

Considering the significance of industry 4.0 (I 4.0) in manufacturing and the impact of internal and external environments in achieving transformation, the organizations require a comprehensive framework to reap I 4.0 benefits. In this study, a systematic literature review is conducted to identify strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, threats (SWOT), and strategic factors that may affect I 4.0 implementation in the manufacturing sector in India. Based on SWOT analysis and expert panel discussion, ten strategies were finalized. The neutrosophic-interpretive structural modeling (N-ISM) method is further employed to evaluate the hierarchical relationships among the I 4.0 strategy. The structural model showed that the strategies “complete cost–benefit analysis of I 4.0 technologies (ST9)” and “government policies to support I 4.0 (S10)” play a significant role in I 4.0 adoption. The neutrosophic-Cross-Impact Matrix Multiplication Applied to Classification (N-MICMAC) also indicates that these strategies possess the highest driving power. The study contributes by developing a hierarchical framework for I 4.0 implementation strategies by identifying internal and external factors affecting its adoption. The current study also offers useful insights for managers and practitioners to acknowledge the challenges and opportunities of implementing I 4.0. Using this framework, they may understand interrelationships among strategies to build a comprehensive roadmap.

Competitiveness of Pepper Commodity as a Flagship Product to Compete In The Global Market

Pepper is one of the spices that has an important function in the global food industry. Although Indonesia is one of the major pepper producers, it faces considerable challenges from competing countries such as Vietnam and Brazil. This study aims to evaluate the competitiveness of Indonesian pepper in the global market, identify factors that affect export performance, and provide strategic recommendations to improve Indonesia's position in the international market. This study uses a quantitative descriptive approach to evaluate the competitiveness of Indonesian pepper. Secondary data used are export statistics and global commodity market reports. The Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) and Export Product Dynamic (EPD) methods were used to analyze pepper export performance. The results showed that Indonesia experienced a decline in participation in the global value chain of pepper, with a decrease in exports from 29,692 tons in 2019 to 12,945 tons in 2022. Although Indonesia has an advantage in natural resources, it faces challenges from competing countries that have lower production costs and more efficient farming systems. Indonesia's pepper competitiveness is influenced by several factors such as product quality, innovation, and government policy support. Cooperation between the government and farmers is essential to improve the competitiveness of pepper in the international market. This study confirms that although Indonesia has great potential in pepper production, the existing challenges require serious attention. Improving Indonesia's pepper competitiveness requires the application of modern agricultural technology, product diversification, as well as stronger collaboration among all stakeholders.

PERAN E-COMMERCE DALAM TRANSFORMASI EKSPOR IMPOR DI ERA DIGITAL

This research examines the role of e-commerce in the transformation of export-import activities in the digital era. E-commerce has revolutionized international trade by facilitating cross-border transactions more efficiently, quickly and cost-effectively. This research uses the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method to analyze relevant literature from 2020-2023, which discusses various aspects of e-commerce in the context of export-import. The results show that e-commerce provides various benefits, such as increased global market accessibility, logistical efficiency, and transaction transparency. The main factors that support the successful implementation of e-commerce include adequate digital infrastructure, conducive government policies, and service quality that ensures consumer safety and convenience. In addition, e-commerce opens up great opportunities for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) to compete in international markets through direct access to consumers and supply chain optimization. However, the study also found a number of obstacles faced by import-export players in adopting e-commerce. These challenges include limited digital infrastructure, low technological literacy, policies that are not fully supportive, and data security issues. To overcome these obstacles, collaboration between the government and the private sector is needed, including the development of supportive policies, improvement of digital infrastructure, and training for exporters.