Government Personnel Research Articles

Effects of green spaces on alleviating mortality attributable to PM2.5 in China.

Increasing research suggested that green spaces are associated with many health benefits, but evidence for the quantitative relationship between green spaces and mortality attributable to particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 2.5μm or less (PM2.5) is limited. We collected disease-specific mortality and PM2.5 data for a period of 4years (2015-2018) along with green space data for an 8-year duration (2010-2017) in 31 provincial-level administrative regions of China. First, this study used the Integrated Exposure-Response model to estimate the mortality of four diseases attributable to PM2.5, including chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD), lung cancer (LC), ischemic heart disease (IHD), and cerebrovascular disease (CBVD). Then we performed linear regression and mixed-effects model to investigate the counteracting effect of green spaces on death caused by PM2.5 exposure. The differences in impacts among the Eastern, Central, and Western regions were explored using stratified analysis. The most significant results from linear regression analysis indicated that per 100 km2 of green spaces increase, there was a decreased total mortality (10-5) (COPD, LC, IHD, and CBVD) attributable to PM2.5 by - 4.012 [95% confidence interval (CI): - 5.535, - 2.488], while the reduction by mixed-linear regression analysis was - 2.702/105 (95% CI = - 3.645, - 1.759). Of all hysteresis analyses, the effect estimates (β) at lag3 and lag4 were the largest. The effect of green spaces was more advantageous when targeting CBVD and the Eastern region. We found a negative correlation between green space exposure and mortality attributable to PM2.5, which can provide further support for city planners, government personnel, and others to build a healthier city and achieve national health goals.

Possible Measures to Improve Both Participation and Response Quality in Japan's National Health and Nutrition Survey: Results from a Workshop by Local Government Personnel in Charge of the Survey.

Increasing participation rates are crucial to ensure the representativeness of national survey results of the population. This study aimed to identify measures that could be taken by local government personnel in charge of the National Health and Nutrition Survey (NHNS), Japan, to improve participation rates. The subjects were twenty-one health personnel who worked in 19 local governments and participated in the training course at the National Institute of Public Health. Qualitative data were collected through a workshop. They discussed the problems that seem to affect participation rates and identified possible solutions. The contents were coded and grouped to create categories, using the Jiro Kawakita (KJ) method. For data analysis, researchers combined and reviewed all codes and categories. The measures that could improve participation rates were divided into the following 12 categories: 1. standardization of survey methods, 2. investigator skills, 3. survey organization, 4. venue setting, 5. accessing target households, 6. time of survey, 7. responses during the investigation, 8. confirming meal contents reported in the nutritional intake status survey, 9. rewards/incentives, 10. possible rewards, 11. feedback on survey results, and 12. survey practices during the COVID-19 pandemic. These findings represent viable initiatives for local health personnel to increase participation rates for the NHNS.

COVID‐19: A systems perspective on opportunities for better health outcomes

COVID‐19 has disrupted social and spatial life. In this work, I argue that such disruption provides an opportunity for all tiers of government to reassess collective priorities and reorient societal goals to work towards better health outcomes for all. I offer a systems thinking perspective to show how societal goals such as economic growth are supported by “system rules” created by governments—the same rules largely responsible for prevailing inequities and preventable chronic, noncommunicable diseases and conditions. The work is significant because it shows how the disruption caused by COVID‐19 changed deep system leverage points, highlighting places inside governmental systems susceptible and acceptable to change and revealing how systems can be reoriented. It draws on empirical data from one subnational jurisdiction of Australia. Specifically, in late 2020, 81 Tasmanian local government personnel shared views on diverse governmental changes made in response to the pandemic. Most participants wanted those changes to continue because of their net benefits to health and social, economic, and environmental outcomes more broadly. They expressed overwhelming support for actions to improve the social determinants of health and communicable and noncommunicable disease prevention and management. I conclude that unless such efforts for change continue, poor health outcomes and health inequities are likely to be exacerbated and argue that a shared systems goal to create a wellbeing economy could reorient systems to achieve better health outcomes for all.

The Impact of Nonrandom Missingness in Surveillance Data for Population-Level Summaries: Simulation Study.

BackgroundSurveillance data are essential public health resources for guiding policy and allocation of human and capital resources. These data often consist of large collections of information based on nonrandom sample designs. Population estimates based on such data may be impacted by the underlying sample distribution compared to the true population of interest. In this study, we simulate a population of interest and allow response rates to vary in nonrandom ways to illustrate and measure the effect this has on population-based estimates of an important public health policy outcome.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to illustrate the effect of nonrandom missingness on population-based survey sample estimation.MethodsWe simulated a population of respondents answering a survey question about their satisfaction with their community’s policy regarding vaccination mandates for government personnel. We allowed response rates to differ between the generally satisfied and dissatisfied and considered the effect of common efforts to control for potential bias such as sampling weights, sample size inflation, and hypothesis tests for determining missingness at random. We compared these conditions via mean squared errors and sampling variability to characterize the bias in estimation arising under these different approaches.ResultsSample estimates present clear and quantifiable bias, even in the most favorable response profile. On a 5-point Likert scale, nonrandom missingness resulted in errors averaging to almost a full point away from the truth. Efforts to mitigate bias through sample size inflation and sampling weights have negligible effects on the overall results. Additionally, hypothesis testing for departures from random missingness rarely detect the nonrandom missingness across the widest range of response profiles considered.ConclusionsOur results suggest that assuming surveillance data are missing at random during analysis could provide estimates that are widely different from what we might see in the whole population. Policy decisions based on such potentially biased estimates could be devastating in terms of community disengagement and health disparities. Alternative approaches to analysis that move away from broad generalization of a mismeasured population at risk are necessary to identify the marginalized groups, where overall response may be very different from those observed in measured respondents.

The intra-party bargain over ministerial appointments: how party leader performance affects the ‘partyness’ of government

In parliamentary democracies, the logic of delegation from voters to government requires that political parties control government actions. Recruiting government personnel through the party organisation is the primary mechanism for parties to retain such a dominance over the government. Existing research has examined secular trends and cross-sectional variance in ministers’ party ties, mostly focussing on appointments of party members to government office. By contrast, this article centres on the appointment of members of the party elite as a yardstick for party control over government. It explores short-term variance in the ‘partyness’ of appointments, arguing that performance-related shifts in the intra-party power balance condition party elites’ access to ministerial office. Utilising data on ministerial appointments in Austria (1945–2017; n = 603), the article demonstrates that successful party leaders can relax party control by minimising appointments of party elite members, while relatively unsuccessful leaders have to compensate party elites with government jobs.

Layanan Publik Bidang Penyelenggara Haji dan Umrah Kantor Wilayah Kementerian Agama Provinsi Sumatera Utara

Today's public services provided by government personnel are frequently found to have flaws, resulting in them failing to fulfill the community's expectations for quality. This is evidenced by the prevalence of different public criticism complaints, which can contribute to a negative image of government employees. Public service, often known as community service, is an important component that can be used to measure a government's success. The purpose of this research is to describe the challenges that the Hajj and Umrah Organizing Sector at the Regional Office of the Ministry of Religion of North Sumatra Province in Medan City, North Sumatra Province faces in providing services to the community, as well as the efforts and strategies that have been implemented. The research was descriptive qualitative in nature, with the goal of obtaining an adequate description or description of the research issue problem. According to the findings of the study, the best way to deal with the obstacles faced by the Hajj and Umrah Organizers at the Regional Office of the Ministry of Religion of North Sumatra Province is to provide services to the community that are easy/simple, short/fast, and satisfying in the implementation of licensing services, giving advice planning, and other services. It is envisaged that by putting forth these efforts, community services will be able to meet community needs while also increasing regional revenue (PAD).
 Keyword : Regional Office of the Ministry of Religion of North Sumatra, Public Services, Quality of Public Services

Coronavirus (COVID-19): ARIMA-based Time-series Analysis to Forecast near Future and the Effect of School Reopening in India

COVID-19, a novel coronavirus, is currently a major worldwide threat. It has infected more than a million people globally leading to hundred-thousands of deaths. In such grave circumstances, it is very important to predict future scenario to support prevention and recurrence of the disease, aid in healthcare service preparation and help in decision making process. Following that notion, a model has been developed for forecasting future COVID-19 cases in India. The time series analysis indicates that the cases will keep on increasing in India in the coming month as the peak has not been attained until now. A statistical analysis based on the effect of reopening of schools has also been performed. It is revealed that there will be a minor increase in the active cases when pre-/primary schools are opened. The present prediction models will assist the government and medical personnel in gaining insight and planning for forthcoming conditions.

Инициация внедрения инновационных цифровых инструментов в деятельность муниципальных организаций

Digital labor tools effectively penetrate into the sphere of public administration, in particular, into the activities of local governments in 2022. There have been found such negative factors as technical and technological contradictions, an increase in the duration of user training, organizational opposition to innovation, which is stipulated by the lack of a single technology for the introduction of innovative digital labor tools adapted to the specifics of municipal organizations. The technology of initiating the innovative digital tools in the activities of local governments is being developed. The initiation process is considered as the first phase of the technological model of using the innovative digital tools in the local governments and is a set of stages that combine activities that precede the material embodiment of an innovative labor tool. The main factors influencing the initiation of an innovative digital tool have been identified; the analysis of processes for structuring the reasons for implementation was carried out; the basic criteria for the effectiveness of the implementation of digital innovative implementation of an innovative digital tool are determined. A complex model of the phase of initiation of the introduction of an innovative digital tool into the activities of a local government has been developed. Within the framework of the developed model, this process is divided into stages: realization of the need for an innovative tool, characterization of the problem, identification of the admissibility of alternatives, determination of the purpose of implementation, determination of implementation criteria. For each stage, the content, universal aspects of the process, characteristic of local governments, are indicated. It is noted that the results of the study can be widely applied in the framework of providing a structural approach for the practical informatization of the activities of local government personnel, as well as for developing the new digital tools.

Lockdowns in Jammu and Kashmir: The Human Rights Consequences

The ethical and behavioural standards that guide a person's behaviour are protected as "human rights" under both domestic and international law. The human rights doctrine has exerted a significant amount of impact on global and regional organisations, in addition to having a significant impact on international law. Human rights are a topic that is actively pursued by governments and non-governmental organisations all around the world. It is nearly impossible to avoid hearing about atrocities and violations of human rights on a daily basis in the news. Crimes committed against children, women, and the disabled are continuing unabated in Covid 19, despite the fact that the Universal Declaration of Human Rights was adopted in 1948 and that special covenants were created to protect their rights. Direct or indirect violations of human rights can also be committed by the state itself. It is possible for the state to intentionally break the law or just fail to take the necessary safety measures. When a state abuses human rights, law enforcement, prosecutors, and other government personnel may be involved in the investigation and prosecution of the state. Even in the absence of direct physical contact, rights such as the right to a fair trial can be infringed upon, as is the case with police brutality. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights is still, sixty years after it was first published, a pipe dream for many people who work to advance human rights. In the event of a pandemic, Jammu & Kashmir suffers from violations of human rights. The purpose of this research is to investigate and evaluate the effects of abuses of human rights that occurred in Jammu and Kashmir during the pandemic.

Conditions Influencing Salary of the Automotive Industry in Mexico City—A Linguistic Fuzzy-Set Approach

Decision making in wages is generally a hard task. The aim of this work is to identify government conditions, personal conditions of the businessperson, and organizational circumstances that affect wage levels in the automotive industry in Mexico City using a linguistic fuzzy-set approach. We conducted a questionnaire, consisting of 23 observation variables with a five-point Likert scale. Independent variables were measured from 1 (“not important”) to 5 (“very important”). Based on the literature review and results of interviews, a total of 169 questionnaires were sent to participants using Google Forms. The results of the linguistic fuzzy-set approach identify three main conditions influencing the salary levels in the automotive industry in Mexico City, including unskilled manpower, the neoliberal economic model, and political and trade reforms. On the other hand, organizational conditions are not considered relevant in determining wage levels. Based on the findings, some recommendations have been proposed to help government, firm leaders, and businesspeople design appropriate personnel policies to achieve better salary satisfaction for employees in the future. This work shows a model based on the fuzzy-set approach that is a potential tool to overcome the difficulties posed by a complex environment.

Developing Palliative Medicine as an Accredited Medical Specialty in Kenya

PURPOSEMost people living with life-limiting illnesses in Kenya lack access to palliative care. Globally, palliative medicine is a growing specialty that equips clinicians with the training required to improve the quality of life for people living with a wide variety of serious illnesses. Optimal delivery relies on a skilled workforce with specialty-level training, and we identified the absence of board-accredited training programs for clinical officers (COs) and physicians as a barrier to providing high-quality palliative care in Kenya.METHODSWe held a series of stakeholder meetings with expert palliative care clinicians, leaders, and educators from Kenya and other countries to develop and implement a comprehensive, evidence-based palliative medicine curriculum for COs.RESULTSWe developed a higher diploma program that is being administered by the Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital College in Eldoret, Kenya, with faculty from Moi University School of Medicine and affiliated institutions. We have collaborated to create the first diploma awarding program in palliative medicine in Kenya. Our efforts have led the Kenyan CO Council adding palliative medicine to their list of recognized and licensed specialties. COs are now enrolled in an 18-month program that will lead to a higher diploma and national recognition as palliative care specialists.CONCLUSIONEarly building of consensus and educating policymakers, regulatory bodies, and government personnel was an important step to overcome the challenge of palliative care misconceptions. The unique capacity of global partnerships and early and frequent stakeholder involvement is critical in novel program development. Local ownership of such in-country programs is key, and the stakeholders should be included in strategies for sustainability.

Ecological information and approaches needed for risk communication dialogs for acute or chronic environmental crises.

Scientists, social scientists, risk communicators, and many others are often thrust into a crisis situation where they need to interact with a range of stakeholders, including governmental personnel (tribal, U.S. federal, state, local), local residents, and other publics, as well as other scientists and other risk communicators in situations where information is incomplete and evolving. This paper provides: (1) an overall framework for thinking about communication during crises, from acute to chronic, and local to widespread, (2) a template for the types of ecological information needed to address public and environmental concerns, and (3) examples to illustrate how this information will aid risk communicators. The main goal is providing an approach to the knowledge needed by communicators to address the challenges of protecting ecological resources during an environmental crisis, or for an on-going, chronic environmental issue. To understand the risk to these ecological resources, it is important to identify the type of event, whether it is acute or chronic (or some combination of these), what receptors are at risk, and what stressors are involved (natural, biological, chemical, radiological). For ecological resources, the key information a communicator needs for a crisis is whether any of the following are present: threatened or endangered species, species of special concern, species groups of concern (e.g., neotropical bird migrants, breeding frogs in vernal ponds, rare plant assemblages), unique or rare habitats, species of commercial and recreational interest, and species/habitats of especial interest for medicinal, cultural, or religious activities. Communication among stakeholders is complicated with respect to risk to ecological receptors because of differences in trust, credibility, empathy, perceptions, world view valuation of the resources, and in many cases, a history of misinformation, disinformation, or no information. Exposure of salmon spawning in the Columbia River to hexavalent chromium from the Hanford Site is used as an example of communication challenges with different stakeholders, including Native Americans with Tribal Treaty rights to the land.

Dr. James Smith's Dream of Eradicating Smallpox and the National Vaccine Institution.

This article re-examines from a new perspective the efforts of James Smith (1771-1841), a Maryland doctor, to eradicate smallpox in the United States. As one of the few successful cowpox inoculators at the turn of the nineteenth century, Smith recognized the necessity for a public vaccine institution that could ensure the safe production and continuous preservation and circulation of vaccine matter. Thus, he devoted himself to creating statewide and national vaccine institutions funded by the state and federal governments. He established the National Vaccine Institution (NVI), but despite his efforts, the NVI existed only a short time from 1813 to 1822. Previous studies on Smith have focused on the 1813 Vaccination Act (An Act to Encourage Vaccination) and the NVI, and have evaluated them as failed projects or historically missed opportunities. However, this kind of approach does not justly place the act and institutions within Smith's larger plan and do not fully discuss the role of the NVI in his system of promoting vaccination in the United States. This article analyzes how he responded to the problems hindering cowpox vaccination, including spurious vaccine, failed vaccination, and low public acceptance of cowpox vaccine. In doing so, this study shows that Smith attempted to establish a universal and systematic vaccination system connecting citizens, government, and medical personnel through the NVI, as well as ensuring a safe and regular supply of vaccine.

Personnel Management of Village Officials Through SIMPEG Application in Realizing Village SDGs in Kendal Village, Sekaran District, Lamongan Regency

This study aims to describe and analyze the personnel management of village officials by developing SIMPEG application to realize Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of Village in Kendal Village, Sekaran District, Lamongan Regency. The type of research is research dan development (R&D) method by using prototype model that consists of 3 steps, which are: listen to customer, build/revise mock-up, and customer test drives mock-up. The techniques of data collection are literature study, deep interview, observation, and documentation. The results show that the personnel management using SIMPEG application has realized the 17th SDGs of Village (partnership for rural development through management and integration of information and communication technology (ICT). The development of Village SIMPEG application also is one of the efforts to realize the principles of electronic government and orderly personnel administration. However, this application still needs develpment by providing upload button to upload files related to several SIMPEG menu. The upload button can be used as an electronic archive that support information, such as educational history form, training history form, and award history form

Establishing the role and desirable relationship between the government and medical personnel in the post-corona era in Korea

This study aims to analyse academic papers on the topic of coronavirus published in Korea, and, on that basis, to select important topics that should be addressed by policymakers. The study constructs an eco-network that includes two keywords, ‘government’ and ‘medical manpower’, and analyses it. The research results thus obtained may contribute to deriving policy information with which to respond to situations similar to the corona pandemic that may occur in the future. For this purpose, we analyse academic papers published during the two-year period from January 2020, when the first corona patient was first identified in Korea, to December 2021. As research methods, text network analysis and ego network analysis methods were applied. As a result, seven important policy tasks were derived. Among these policy themes, in particular the topic relating to citizen participation in medical law revision and quarantine processes was selected as representing the task to be resolved first.

INTEGRATED FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM AND FRAUD INVESTIGATION IN NIGERIAN PUBLIC SECTOR

Integrated financial management information systems (IFMIS) are systems that assist budgetary, financial, and accounting processes in the public sector and encourage improved public financial management (PFM) by providing a centralized registry of revenues and expenditures and in the process of fraud investigation it provides accurate information to work with however, according to previous literature, ineffective public financial management has resulted in the implementation of various reforms.The study examined the effect of integrated management information system on fraud investigation in Nigerian public sector. One hundred and thirty-seven (137) copies of questionnaires were distributed to government personnel in the designated agencies as part of the study's survey design and one hundred and thirty-three (133) were returned. The data was analysed using descriptive and inferential (Multiple regression) methods. The result of the finding integrated financial management information has significant effect on fraud investigation in Nigerian public sector. Adj. R2= 0.58, F- statistics 30.880, P- value >0.000. The study concluded that integrated financial management information system has significant effect on fraud investigation. The study recommended that the government should guarantee that fiscal transparency is encouraged across the system in order to ensure active public and government engagement. The efficient implementation of an IFMIS will result in timely, relevant, and reliable financial data, encouraging fiscal discipline, assisting resource allocation, and increasing operational efficiency and fiscal transparency.

A Line of Blood and Dirt: Creating the Canada–United States Border across Indigenous Lands

A Line of Blood and Dirt: Creating the Canada–United States Border across Indigenous Lands

A Study on the Impact of RCEP Tariff Reduction on Korea’s Agricultural Trade: Simulation Analysis Based on the GTAP Model

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyze the impact of RCEP tariff reduction on South Korea’s agricultural trade, so as to help the government and agricultural personnel make relevant preparations in advance. Design/Methodology/Approach Based on agricultural trade data between South Korea and RCEP countries, firstly, through the analysis of the RRCA and TCI index, the basic situation of trade competitiveness and complementarity of agricultural products between South Korea and RCEP member countries is clarified. Then, with the help of the global trade analysis model (GTAP model), this paper makes a progressive study on the impact of the RCEP on South Korea’s agricultural trade from the perspective of tariff reduction. The impacts of the four cases are predicted in chronological order. Findings Excluding the influence of other bilateral FTAs, this paper makes an accurate estimation of the impact of RCEP tariff reduction on Korean agriculture. Research shows that although it has a negative impact on most agricultural products, in the long run, participating in the RCEP is more beneficial than resisting. Research Implications In the management of this paper, this study makes a quantitative analysis of the impact of the RCEP in the future, which is helpful to objectively look at the economic impact of regional economic integration. It is conducive to correctly understand the adverse impact of the RCEP on Korean agricultural products, and does not exaggerate this impact, which will also provide reference for other scholarly follow-up research.

The Competence-Based Development of Village Government Personnel towards Superior and Independent Villages in Banyumas Regency, Indonesia

The shift in government paradigm has also affected the village government system in Indonesia. Previously, villages were the subordinate of the regency government. Nowadays, they have been autonomous governments. This, in a sense, is an advancement, yet it also poses challenges regarding how the autonomy shall be implemented, particularly the low competence that village government personnel have. Therefore, it needs to develop using a competency-based model. This research aims at identifying the competencies needed by village government personnel’s offices and preparing their competence standards. The method employed is survey and the data are collected using questionnaires, interviews, focussed group discussions, and documentation. The data are analyzed using descriptive statistics. The research is conducted in Banyumas Regency. The research results indicate that 3 (three) competencies are identified, namely managerial, sociocultural and technical competencies. The last one includes general and specific technical competencies. Each of these competencies is deemed as either “highly necessary” or “necessary” one by village government personnel. This shows that the said competencies are the ones needed by these village personnel’s offices. The identified competencies are used as the basis for preparing competence dictionaries and competence standards for village government personnel’s offices.

The Competence-Based Development of Village Government Personnel towards Superior and Independent Villages in Banyumas Regency, Indonesia

The Competence-Based Development of Village Government Personnel towards Superior and Independent Villages in Banyumas Regency, Indonesia