Government Of Republic Research Articles

General Assembly

The fourteenth session of the General Assembly met at UN Headquarters from September 15 through December 12, 1959, when it was adjourned. At the opening plenary meeting Mr. Victor Belaunde (Peru) was elected President of the session, having obtained 81 votes out of a possible 82. At its 803d plenary meeting, the Assembly adopted by a vote of 44 to 29, with 9 abstentions, the recommendation contained in the report of the General Committee that the Assembly reject the request of India for the inclusion in its agenda of the question of the representation of China in the UN and decided not to consider at its fourteenth session any proposal to exclude the representatives of the government of the Republic of China or to seat representatives of the Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China.

General Assembly

The thirteenth session of the General Assembly met at UN Headquarters from September 16 through December 13, 1958, when it was adjourned. It was decided at the Assembly's 782d plenary meeting to reconvene on February 20, 1959, to consider exclusively the question of the future of the trust territories of the Cameroons under French administration and the Cameroons under United Kingdom administration. At the opening plenary meeting, Mr. Charles Malik (Lebanon) was elected President of the session, having obtained 45 votes to 31, which were cast for Mr. Mohammed Ahmed Mahgoub (Sudan). At its 755th plenary meeting, the Assembly adopted the recommendation contained in the report of the General Committee that the Assembly reject the request of India for the inclusion in its agenda of the question of the representation of China in the UN and decide not to consider at its thirteenth session any proposals to exclude the representatives of the government of the Republic of China or to seat representatives of the Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China.

North Atlantic Treaty Organization

On September 28, 1956, Lord Ismay, Secretary General, called a special meeting of the Council of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) to consider the implications of the decision by the government of the German Federal Republic to request the west German parliament to establish the term of national compulsory military service at 12 in lieu of 18 months. The Council feared that this decision would very probably prevent the German Federal Republic from meeting its commitments to NATO. The west German representative stated that his government would meet its previously negotiated commitments both as to quality and quantity; west German regular forces would be raised from 230,000 to 300,000 to compensate for the reduction of availability of conscripts. The Council requested the west German representative to inform his government of the concern of the Council.

General Assembly

The tenth session of the General Assembly met at UN Headquarters from September 20 to December 20, 1955. At the opening plenary meeting, Mr. José Maza (Chile) was unanimously elected President of the session. On the motion of the United States, the Assembly by a vote of 42 to 12 with 6 abstentions decided not to consider any proposals to exclude the representatives of the government of the Republic of China or to seat representatives of the Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China during the tenth session.

The Draft Constitution of Communist China

SINCE COMING into existence in 1949, the Chinese Communist regime has been operating under a provisional constitution consisting of two articles, namely, The Common Program of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference' and The Organic Law of the Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China.2 On January 13, 1953, however, the Central People's Government Council at its twentieth meeting passed a measure known as The Resolution Relating to the Convocation of the All-China People's Congress and Local People's Councils on All Levels. Among other things, the Resolution provided the appointment of a twenty-six-member committee with Mao Tse-tung as its Chairman to draft a permanent constitution for the country.8 It was apparently more than one year later that the Constitution Drafting Committee took up its work. On March 23, 1954, Chairman Mao Tse-tung, on behalf of the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party, submitted a so-called Preliminary Draft to the Committee which, after holding seven formal and a number of informal meetings, passed the draft on June ii, 1954, and immediately submitted it to the Central People's Government Council for action.4 On June 14, 1954, the Council by unanimous vote resolved that

General Assembly

The first part of the eighth regular session of the General Assembly met in the General Assembly building at United Nations headquarters from September 15 to December 9, 1953, and considered an agenda of 76 items. After adopting by 44 votes to 10 with 2 abstentions a United States draft resolution to postpone for the duration of the eighth session in the current year consideration of all proposals to exclude representatives of the government of the Republic of China and to seat representatives of the Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China, the Assembly elected Mrs. Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit (India) president of the eighth session over Prince Wan Waithayakon (Thailand) by a vote of 37 to 22. Dr. Miguel R. Urquia was elected chairman of the Ad Hoc Political Committee; the following were elected chairmen of the main committees: Political and Security Committee, Fernand van Langenhove (Belgium); Economic and Financial Committee, Leo Mates (Yugoslavia); Social, Humanitarian and Cultural Committee, G. F. Davidson (Canada); Trusteeship Committee, Dr. Santiago Pérez Pérez (Venezuela); Administrative and Budgetary Committee, Awni Khalidy (Iraq); and Legal Committee, Juliusz Katz-Suchy (Poland).

Trusteeship Council

From June 16 to July 21, 1953, at United Nations headquarters, the Trusteeship Council convened in its twelfth session. At the opening meeting Leslie K. Munro (New Zealand) was elected president and Miguel R. Urquia (El Salvador) vice-president. After a United States proposal to postpone discussion for the duration of the session of a Soviet resolution to invite a representative of the Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China to participate in the work of the session was adopted by 10 votes to 1 with 1 abstention, the Council adopted an agenda of eighteen items. The greater part of the session was devoted to the examination of annual reports on the administration of the trust territories of Somaliland under Italian administration, the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, Nauru, New Guinea, and Western Samoa. The reports submitted by the administering authorities on the Pacific trust territories were considered in conjunction with the reports on these territories submitted by the Visiting Mission to Trust Territories in the Pacific, 1953, which visited the area from February to May, the Council incorporating many of the mission's findings in its own conclusions. Also before the Council were observations submitted by UNESCO on all these annual reports except that on the administration of Western Samoa for the year ending December 31, 1952. After a French proposal to hold the next regular session of the Council in January 1954, in Geneva was rejected with successive tie votes of 5 in favor, 5 against and 2 abstentions, the Council adopted, by a vote of 7 to 4 with 1 abstention, a Belgian proposal that the General Assembly be asked to reconsider its previous decision on meeting schedules, to provide for alternate summer sessions in Geneva of the Trusteeship Council and the Economic and Social Council.

Economic and Social Council

The fifteenth session of the Economic and Social Council met at United Nations headquarters in New York from March 31 to April 28, 1953. Mr. Raymond Scheyven (Belgium) was elected President, Mr. Rodolfo Munoz (Argentina) first vice-president and Mr. Henryk Birecki (Poland) second vicepresident. After a proposal by the United States that discussion of a Soviet motion to seat the representative of the Central Government of the People's Republic of China be adjourned for the duration of the session had been adopted by a vote of 14 to 4, the Council turned to consideration of an agenda of some 29 items.

Economic and Social Council

The fourteenth session of the Economic and Social Council met at United Nations headquarters in New York from May 20 to August 1, 1952. Mr. S. Amjad Ali (Pakistan) was elected president, Mr. Jiri Nosek (Czechoslovakia), first vice-president and Mr. Raymond Scheyven (Belgium), second vice-president. After a proposal by the United States that discussion of a Soviet motion to seat the representative of the Central Government of the People's Republic of China be adjourned for the duration of the session had been adopted by a vote of 14 to 4, the Council turned to consideration of an agenda containing some 46 separate items.

Chinese Representation in the United Nations

The state of China — a nation of possibly 460,000,000 people — has been a Member of the United Nations since the foundation of that organization in 1945. As a Member, China is legally entitled to representation in United Nations organs unless and until, pursuant to preventive or enforcement action taken by the Security Council, the exercise of the rights and privileges of membership may be suspended by the General Assembly upon recommendation of the Security Council. The representatives of China in United Nations organs from 1945 to the present have been accredited by the National Government of the Republic of China. By the end of 1949 control over the mainland of China and over perhaps 450,000,000 people had passed from the National Government to the (communist) “Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China,” the effective control of the National Government having been reduced largely to the island of Formosa.

Trusteeship Council

The ninth session of the Trusteeship Council met from June 5 to July 30, 1951. On the opening day of the session the Soviet representative proposed that the Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China be invited to participate in the meetings of the Council; a motion by the representative of the United States (Sayre) to postpone indefinitely a discussion of the Soviet proposal was adopted by 11 votes to I. The Council then elected Sir Allan Burnes (United Kingdom) President and Mr. Khalidy (Iraq), vicepresident and adopted an agenda of sixteen items.

1. Resolution on the Intervention of the Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China in Korea, adopted by the General Assembly, February 1,1951.

Notingthat the Security Council, because of lack of unanimity of the permanent members, has failed to exercise its primary responsibility for the maintenance of international peace and security in regard to Chinese Communist intervention in Korea,

Government of the Argentine Republic

Government of the Argentine Republic