Governments Of Countries Research Articles

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To expedite the deployment of Sesuvium portulacastrum floating bed technology in Hangzhou Bay and the Yangtze River Estuary, and to overcome the cryogenic constraint, our study concentrated on investigating the impacts of both individual and combined stress factors, particularly low temperature and salinity, on its application. We detected the S. portulacastrum related enzyme activity and other biological macromolecules under low temperature stress, salt stress and combined stress. And we also analyzed the stress resistance mechanism under different stress conditions by transcriptomic technology. It was discovered that moderate salt stress could enhance plant tolerance to low temperature, indicating the presence of an antagonistic relationship between salinity and low temperature. The biological mechanism underlying this phenomenon lies in the fact that combined stresses induce the up-regulation of various genes and activate more pathways compared to single stress. Among these pathways, the linoleic acid metabolic pathway stands out as unique to combined stress conditions. This research represents the inaugural endeavor to investigate the impact of low temperature stress and combined stress on S.portulacastrum, offering a pivotal reference for the utilization of this plant in ecological restoration and management within the East China Sea. More valuable is that such conclusions may be extended to the coastal ecological governance of many high latitude countries, which is of great significance for global ecological environment improvement.

Application of Programming Education in the Cultivation of Children's Core Literacy

The role of programming education in cultivating children's core literacy in the era of digital intelligence is becoming increasingly prominent. The article defines core concepts such as children's core literacy and programming education, and summarizes the relevant policies and measures of UNESCO, the European Union, and governments of various countries on core literacy and programming education; The role of programming education in children's intelligence literacy, information literacy, innovation literacy, and humanistic literacy was studied through case studies; Based on the cognitive patterns and developmental characteristics of children, methods suitable for children's programming education have been proposed; Analyzed the challenges faced by children's programming education and proposed targeted countermeasures.

Implications of the fair processes for financing UHC report for development assistance: reflections and an application of the decision-making principles to PEPFAR.

The framework presented in the World Bank report Open and Inclusive: Fair processes for Financing Universal Health Coverage effectively connects proposed decision-making principles with practical examples that country governments can use to pursue greater fairness. In this commentary, we consider the suggestion that international development partners might use the report's criteria to examine their own processes. We consider what the report's primary Fair Process principles - equality, impartiality and consistency - imply for development partners. Specifically, we address two questions in turn: (i) how relevant the Fair Processes report is to development assistance for health; (ii) if it is deemed relevant, what practical implications does the report have for how aid works? We address the second question by briefly applying the framework to a particular global health initiative, namely the United States President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR). Our analysis suggests that development partners' additional sets of accountabilities, particularly linked to funding sources, may pose more fundamental challenges to impartiality than to equality and consistency in decision-making processes. A question inviting further examination, then, is how development partners can redesign their processes to optimise impartiality given institutional constraints that bind them independently of the populations they purport to serve.

United Nations Security Council (UNSC) and Restructuring Debates

The subject of the study is the reform discussions on the management of the United Nations Security Council (UNSC). The United Nations (UN) can be defined as the most influential organization in the international arena. In this article, the United Nations Security Council (UNSC), which is the most influential organization of the UN and equally controversial, a superpower union with worldwide management, control and surveillance powers, is examined, and the rules it adheres to in its structure and while fulfilling its duties are examined, and the recent discussions on reform in this area are examined. The study gains importance because it offers suggestions in shaping the future of a superior organization that concerns many countries and their security. The method of legislative analysis was used in the preparation of the article. As a result of the research conducted, it was concluded that an organization with self-appointed and unchangeable permanent members, and members who can veto any decision they want, cannot be claimed to have a democratic structure and that this institution cannot be expected to be impartial. There are strong suspicions that the political and administrative wills of the governments of countries that have an effective say in world politics and security organizations such as the UN Security Council are not free and are mortgaged.

The Deadly Details: How Clear and Complete Are Publicly Available Sources of Human Rabies Information?

Human rabies is preventable but almost always fatal once symptoms appear, causing 59,000 global deaths each year. Limited awareness and inconsistent access to post-exposure prophylaxis hinder prevention efforts. To identify gaps and opportunities for improvement in online rabies information, we assessed the readability, understandability, actionability, and completeness of online public rabies resources from government and health agencies in Australia and similar countries, with the aim of identifying gaps and opportunities for improvement. We identified materials via Google and public health agency websites, assessing readability using the Simple Measure of Gobbledygook (SMOG) index and understandability and actionability with the Patient Education Materials Tool for Print materials (PEMAT-P). Completeness was assessed using a framework focused on general and vaccine-specific rabies information. An analysis of 22 resources found a median readability of grade 13 (range: 10-15), with a mean understandability of 66% and mean actionability of 60%; both below recommended thresholds. Mean completeness was 79% for general rabies information and 36% for vaccine-specific information. Visual aids were under-utilised, and critical vaccine-specific information was often lacking. These findings highlight significant barriers in rabies information for the public, with most resources requiring a high literacy level and lacking adequate understandability and actionability. Improving readability, adding visual aids, and enhancing vaccine-related content could improve accessibility and support wider prevention efforts.

Review on energy governance and demand security in oil-rich countries

Review on energy governance and demand security in oil-rich countries

Navigating the energy transition: Interplay of geopolitics, economic complexity, and environmental governance in OECD countries

Navigating the energy transition: Interplay of geopolitics, economic complexity, and environmental governance in OECD countries

The Spillover Effects of International Co‐production in the Chinese Film Industry

AbstractThis study examines the spillover effects of international film co‐production using data on films released in the Chinese mainland from 2006 to 2018. The results indicate that local film producers can enhance their product performance by leveraging the expertise and practices of more sophisticated foreign firms during international co‐productions. Heterogeneous effects were observed related to budget size, firm size, ownership structure, and cultural distance. These spillover effects can occur through two mechanisms: the demonstration effect (the adoption of more advanced technology) and the labor mobility effect (actors or directors upgrading their skills). An instrumental variable approach is employed to address endogeneity concerns. This study contributes to the spillover effects of international co‐production, which has been neglected in the literature. Its empirical findings suggest that engaging in international co‐production can potentially boost productivity for firms from developing countries. Host country governments may consider offering preferential policies to promote international co‐production as an alternative to foreign direct investment (FDI), thereby fostering positive spillover effects.

Environmental Law and Policy in BRICS Countries: Legal Analyses of Sustainable Development Goals and Enforcement Strategies’ ’Human Rights in BRICS: A Comparative Approach to International Standards and Domestic Legal Systems

This paper examines the legal frameworks and enforcement strategies related to environmental governance and human rights in BRICS countries-Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa. Through normative analysis, the study explores the alignment of national laws with Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and international human rights standards. The findings reveal significant variations in legislative approaches and enforcement mechanisms across BRICS nations, influenced by socio-economic priorities and institutional capacities. The analysis highlights the challenges of balancing economic growth with sustainability and social equity while identifying best practices and opportunities for regional collaboration. This study contributes to the discourse on sustainable development by emphasizing the need for integrated legal approaches to environmental governance and human rights protection in BRICS countries.

Marriage and Family Values of the Population of the EAEU Countries: A Comparative Analysis

The article is devoted to the analysis of the results of an empirical study of family values of citizens of the Eurasian Economic Union. The novelty of the study lies in the study of value orientations in the territory that is currently connected by economic relations. The relevance of this topic is also related to the fact that the EAEU is a young, actively developing union. Over the past three decades, a new generation of people of reproductive age has grown up in the countries of the Union, whose family attitudes require comparative study. Thus, because of migration processes in the Eurasian space, interethnic marriages occur, which can be complicated by differences in the family ideals of the spouses. The study of these attitudes will increase the level of mutual understanding regarding family building both at the level of management for implementing measures to support families, and among ordinary citizens who are planning a family. The study describes the population’s perceptions of various aspects of family life. Also, countries were divided into groups based on the similarity of family attitudes and placed on the scale in a sequence from more traditional to secular family attitudes. The results obtained can be used to develop measures to support families, youth, and demographic policies of the governments of the EAEU countries, as they allow us to assess the orientation of the population of reproductive age in the framework of family planning. The presented results provide an understanding of the place of the family in the system of values of the population of each EAEU member state. These conclusions will be useful for scientists of the Eurasian Economic Union countries involved in the sociology of the family, the sociology of morals, and demography.

State Versus Farmers: Potential for Agrarian Conflict in Algeria

This article explains potential conflict agrarian between countries against farmers in Algeria with use approach study qualitative in a way critical and systematic. Some the sources used, namely experience direct researchers, books, journals, and works scientific-scientific others. Research results show beginning start birth potential conflict agrarian State with farmers namely since the beginning of the colonial era France in Algeria and continuing until day. Country (government) Algeria after free from shackles colonization French make an effort advance agriculture in Algeria. Intention both those promoted by the government Algeria This precisely produce on the contrary, namely give birth to potential conflict agrarian which is not end between the State and farmers, such as regulation land that is not clearly, the infrastructure is not established, profitable capital loans adjacent party (country), and failed harvest (famine).

MODERNIZATION OF THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT SYSTEM OF THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN: DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS AND IMPLEMENTATION MECHANISMS

In the context of global changes and challenges of the 21st century, the state structures of the Republic of Kazakhstan face the task not only to improve the existing mechanisms of local government, but also to comprehensively modernize them in accordance with the best international practices. The modernization of the local government system of the Republic of Kazakhstan provides for proactive updating of the institutional framework, increasing the efficiency and accountability of local authorities, as well as the introduction of innovative technologies for management and interaction with the population. The basis of such a process is a comprehensive reform aimed at decentralization and strengthening local self-government. The research is aimed at analyzing the current state of the local government system in the Republic of Kazakhstan and developing proposals for its modernization. The main objective is to identify the key problems and constraints that hinder the effectiveness of local authorities, and to propose specific mechanisms and tools to address them. The article uses methods of comparative analysis, including the study of international experience of successful models of local government in countries with a similar level of socio-economic development. This allowed us to identify the best practices for their adaptation in Kazakhstan. A legal analysis of the current legislative framework was also conducted to identify gaps and proposals to address them, in order to create a more effective legal environment for local government, with special attention to laws and their impact on regional governance. The study identified the main problems hindering the development of local government, such as insufficient financial independence of the regions, inefficiency of administrative procedures and lack of qualified personnel. The article also pays attention to the importance of decentralization of power as one of the main factors in improving the effectiveness of management at the local level. Successful modernization of the local government system requires an integrated approach, including legislative changes, strengthening of civil society and development of public institutions.

Konfigurasi Dalam Pembentukan Hukum Parpol Dan Pemilu Di Indonesia

A democratic political configuration will direct legal products to be responsive. In theory, the configuration of party law is often related to a country's government system. Even though the 1945 Constitution clearly states that the Indonesian government has a presidential model, since the early era there has been a multi-party system and there is no desire to change it to a two-party system. When forming election regulations, you must be aware that it does not trigger multiple meanings so that they are easy to understand and you should focus on all stages of the electoral system to ensure the democracy of an election. Legislation is the task of political party representatives in parliament (DPR). Political ideology and political parties will have an impact on people's thinking about the world of politics and how to take political action, as a basis for movement, and will be echoed in society. Normative methods were used for this research, namely based on literature or scientific knowledge from books, journals and the results of previous thesis research. Library research and sociological aspects are used to answer questions, including relying on the opinions of relevant experts and further strengthening validation.

Ten-Year Review of The Bibliometry Network in Research on Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMeS): 2011–2021

Recently, the attention of economists has been increasing toward MSMEs. However, no research analyzes bibliometrically to assess the development of the latest research trends in the MSME sector. To address this gap, this study reviewed 471 MSME studies published between 2011 and 2021 in the Scopus database using the PRISMA guidelines for review. This study uses descriptive and bibliometric analysis using VOSviewer software to answer four research problems: the total volume and geographic distribution of the study; most influential writers; the most influential sources of journals, books, and conferences; and recent topics. The results showed that India and Indonesia were the most productive countries, followed by the US, Mexico, and Spain. The leading writer is Kharub, M. (India), and the most influential writer is Singh, M.P. (India), which contributes to MSME Research. The largest source is the Journal of Physics Conference Series (Conference and Proceeding), and the most influential sources are Resources, Conservation, and Recycling (journal). The topics that emerged the most were MSMEs, Small and Medium Enterprises, Micro, and India. Meanwhile, trending topics related to MSMEs are COVID-19, MSME performance, fintech, and technology adoption. This paper is expected to contribute to research related to MSMEs and can help researchers to develop further scientific research themes. This paper is also expected to be the basis of a country's government policy in developing MSMEs to strengthen the national economy. The researchers suggest a further review of MSMEs in the future more specifically in one continent, region, or country.

Agriculture-oriented services of local governments in Türkiye

Recently, international organisations, central governments and local governments around the world provide services and supports to producers under different headings in order to support local rural development. While in many countries such services and supports are mostly provided by central governments, in Turkey, especially in recent years, local governments along with the central government have also been playing a role as stakeholders and supportive actors in agricultural activities. This study provides information on the support services provided by metropolitan governments to producers in agricultural activities in Turkey. The data of the study were obtained from the 2022 and 2023 annual activity reports of seven metropolitan municipalities selected as a sample from seven regions of Turkey using the document analysis method. As a result of the study, it is seen that, unlike similar examples in the world, metropolitan municipal governments in Turkey provide support to producers in agricultural activities under various headings such as tools, equipment, production materials, seedlings, sapling distributions, cooperatives, grants and loans. While central governments in many countries contribute to local governments in cooperation with international organisations to support agricultural production, it is observed that local governments in Turkey do not benefit from these supports sufficiently.

Concepts of infrastructure development in Latin American countries

For the first time in the domestic and international scientific literature, the article analyzes the evolution of concepts of infrastructure development in Latin American countries (LAC), recommendations of international and regional economic organizations. It is noted that conceptual approaches to solving problems of infrastructure development in LAC have changed from dirigiste to neoliberal and from the latter to a combination of various doctrines in the concept of neostructuralism and the theory of sustainable development. All the concepts considered contributed to development of many practical recommendations and to creation of a wide arsenal of state economic policy tools for the development of infrastructure sectors. The attitude of regional organizations and the governments of LAC countries to the infrastructure has changed almost radically: from inattention in the 50s—60s of the last century to understanding its importance as one of the key elements of economic development and social progress. The recommendations concerning infrastructure for protection against natural disasters, transport and logistics, telecommunications and digitalization of the economy are most in demand from Latin American governments.

Analisis Pengaruh Ekspor, Impor, Dan Kurs Terhadap Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Negara Anggota Asean (Periode Tahun 2012-2021)

The aim of this research is to analyze the influence of exports, imports and exchange rates on the economic growth of ASEAN member countries. This research uses a panel data regression analysis method (10 year time series data (2012-2021) multiplied by cross section data from 10 ASEAN member countries), so the number of samples is 100. The results of the research show that simultaneously there is a positive and significant influence on exports, imports and exchange rate on the economic growth of ASEAN member countries, while partially there is a positive and significant influence of exports on the economic growth of ASEAN member countries, partially there is a negative and insignificant influence of imports on the economic growth of ASEAN member countries, but partially there is a negative and significant influence of the exchange rate on economic growth of ASEAN member countries. From the research above, the main factor influencing economic growth is exports at 73.81%, meaning that exports are an important factor that ASEAN member countries are trying to increase. The results of the coefficient of determination test (R²) show that exports, imports and exchange rates influence economic growth by 49%, while the remaining 51% is influenced by other factors not discussed in this research. In supporting economic growth, the governments of ASEAN member countries are trying to maintain a balance of exports, imports and exchange rate stability by increasing production of the best products, then inviting the public to buy and use local products from each ASEAN member country.

The interplay between technological innovation and human capital development in driving industrial productivity and competitiveness in Africa

PurposeThis study examines how technological innovation (TECIN) and human capital development (HCD) combine to impact industrial productivity (INPR) and competitiveness in Africa.Design/methodology/approachThe study used secondary data covering the period from 1996 to 2021 on 36 African countries, in a panel data framework of fixed effect and generalized method of moments techniques.FindingsThe study found that while TECIN negatively affected INPR in Africa, HCD exerted a strong positive influence. The interaction of TECIN and HCD showed a joint positive impact on INPR, emphasizing the role of human capital in mitigating transitional productivity loss tied to new technology assimilation. The results also showed positive individual and combined effects of TECIN and HCD on industrial competitiveness in Africa.Practical implicationsThe findings therefore compel the need for implementation of policies that can simultaneously advance TECIN and strengthen HCD for sustainable industrial development in Africa. Governments in African countries need to allocate more resources to research and development to foster home-grown technologies, revamp educational curricula to align with industry needs and emphasize practical skills training, and facilitate technology transfer partnerships to enhance technological capabilities and INPR.Originality/valueAlthough previous studies acknowledge the importance of TECIN and HCD for enhancing INPR and competitiveness in Africa, there is a noticeable lack of comprehensive studies that investigated the interplay between TECIN and HCD for industrialization gains.

Advocating for Paid Maternity Leave and Workplace Lactation Policy Reform and Implementation: Lessons Learned From Indonesia, Nigeria, the Philippines and Vietnam.

Maternity protection policies are designed to preserve the health of working women and their infants, support optimal infant and young child nutrition through breastfeeding and prevent workplace discrimination against women. The aim of this study was to identify how advocates may be able to effectively advance maternal leave and workplace lactation policies, two key maternity protection policies, and does so through an exploration of advocacy efforts in Indonesia, Nigeria, the Philippines and Vietnam. A desk review of programme and policy documents and 20 key informant interviews with diverse stakeholders explored advocacy efforts in each of the four countries. Thematic analyses of documents and interviews identified key considerations, challenges and success factors within each country context. These lessons can inform maternity protection policy reform efforts more broadly. Study findings show that effective, context-specific advocacy rests on strong partnerships with traditional and nontraditional stakeholders informed by opinion leader research and strengthened through various avenues of consensus-building. Contextual considerations are essential for identifying attainable policy asks and developing an advocacy strategy, with attention to a country's governance structure and availability of funding for social protections. Lastly, advocacy efforts may be most successful by presenting expanded paid maternity leave and breastfeeding-friendly workplaces as parts of a set of social protections with synergistic benefits. These lessons are intended to help inform how policy advocates can better design and implement advocacy approaches for maternity protection and entitlement policies.

Representation of Indonesian Culture on the Indonesian International Student Mobility Awards (IISMA) Homepage

Websites are widely used as a means of communication for programs run by a country's government in this global era. The extinction of languages and various cultures due to the strong current of globalization is inevitable. On the other hand, in this global era, websites could be used as a great dissemination tool for national programs and cultural identity. Like iisma programs from Indonesia that sent their student abroad. Iisma uses websites for spreading information and communicating with their public. This study aims explore how the iisma homepage represents Indonesian national culture. Using visual social semiotic, this study found that the main page of the iisma website represents the dynamic Indonesian culture in the development of Indonesian education on the global stage.