Government Employees Research Articles

DNA methylation patterns are influenced by Pax3::Foxo1 expression and developmental lineage in rhabdomyosarcoma tumours forming in genetically engineered mouse models.

Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is a family of phenotypically myogenic paediatric cancers consisting of two major subtypes: fusion-positive (FP) RMS, most commonly involving the PAX3::FOXO1 fusion gene, formed by the fusion of paired box 3 (PAX3) and forkhead box O1 (FOXO1) genes, and fusion-negative (FN) RMS, lacking these gene fusions. In humans, DNA methylation patterns distinguish these two subtypes as well as mutation-associated subsets within these subtypes. To investigate the biological factors responsible for these methylation differences, we profiled DNA methylation in RMS tumours derived from genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs) in which various driver mutations were introduced into different myogenic lineages. Our unsupervised analyses of DNA methylation patterns in these GEMM tumours yielded two major clusters, corresponding to high and no/low expression of Pax3::Foxo1, which mirrored the results for human FP and FN RMS tumours. Two distinct methylation-defined subsets were found for GEMM RMS tumours with no/low Pax3::Foxo1 expression: one subset enriched in Pax7 lineage tumours and a second subset enriched in myogenic factor 5 (Myf5) lineage tumours. Integrative analysis of DNA methylation and transcriptomic data in mouse and human RMS revealed a common group of differentially methylated and differentially expressed genes, highlighting a conserved set of genes functioning in both human RMS models and GEMMs of RMS. In conclusion, these studies provide insight into the roles of oncogenic fusion proteins and developmental lineages in establishing DNA methylation patterns in FP and FN RMS respectively. © 2025 The Author(s). The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. This article has been contributed to by U.S. Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA.

Laser scarecrows reduce avian corn-foraging propensity but not bout length in aviary trials.

Behavioral mechanisms underlying avian deterrence by lasers in sweet corn are not known, and we evaluated them in a rigorous aviary experiment. Eighteen flocks of European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) foraged on sweet corn for several days in control and laser treated plots with ripe sweet corn while data were collected on where birds were distributed and how long birds foraged on corn. In 16 trials, fresh ears were presented on wooden sticks, and in two trials birds foraged on natural corn grown from seed. Birds were sexed and boldness scores were obtained. We predicted that (a) birds would avoid foraging on ears in laser plots and (b) if they did feed, lasers would reduce foraging bout duration. Laser treatments reduced the probability that birds would feed on sweet corn ears, and to a striking degree in Natural Trials. We did not detect direct effects of laser exposure on foraging bout duration, but when corn foliage was low, bolder birds foraged longer in laser plots. We provide the first quantification of bird foraging behavior in laser treated corn. The central mechanism underlying the effectiveness of laser scarecrows at reducing sweet corn damage is the prevention of settlement of depredating birds onto ripe ears. © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry. This article has been contributed to by U.S. Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA.

Prevalence and impact of exploding head syndrome in a Japanese working population.

Exploding head syndrome (EHS) is a parasomnia characterized by the perception of loud noises, or explosions inside the head during the sleep-to-wake transition. The prevalence of EHS remains unclear. This survey aimed to elucidate the prevalence of and factors associated with EHS in this cohort. As part of the Night in Japan Home Sleep Monitoring Study (NinjaSleep study), a cross-sectional survey was conducted among government employees in Koka City, Shiga Prefecture, Japan, in 2022. Participants were queried regarding their experiences with EHS as defined in the International Classification of Sleep Disorders, 3rd Edition, including sudden loud noises or sensations of explosions, subsequent abrupt awakenings and feelings of fright. Various standardized instruments were employed to evaluate depression, anxiety, insomnia, quality of life, and fatigue. Of the 2081 employees invited to participate, 1878 completed the survey. After excluding respondents with epilepsy and incomplete responses, 1843 participants were deemed eligible for analysis. Among them, 46 (2.49%) reported experiencing sudden noises or sensations of explosions, with 23 (1.25%) meeting the diagnostic criteria for EHS. The EHS was significantly related to the scores on the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7, Athens Insomnia Scale, and Chalder Fatigue Scale, even after adjusting for age, sex, BMI and categorized mean sleep duration. This study elucidates the prevalence of EHS among the Japanese population and underscores its potential association with insomnia symptoms and various psychological factors.

Process Evaluation of Quality of Precancerous Cervical Lesion Screening Program in Selected Public Health Centers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Cervical cancer is the second most prevalent disease among Ethiopian women of reproductive age and a serious gynecological malignancy affecting women regionally. About, 3,235 deaths and 4,648 new cases are reported nationwide each year. Precancerous cervical screening programs face many difficulties in settings with limited resources, despite their severity, such as a lack of medical supplies and equipment, poorly trained healthcare workers, a heavy workload for current staff, low professional compliance, and insufficient support from medical facilities. Furthermore, the quality of screening services is not well-supported by data in many places, which makes efforts to enhance these programs even more difficult. Improving service quality and customer satisfaction requires an understanding of the accessibility of critical screening tools and the skill of healthcare providers. Hence, this study aims to evaluate the process quality of the pre-cancerous cervical lesion screening program at selected public health centers in Gullele sub-city, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. A case study design involving both quantitative and qualitative methods was conducted from April 09 to May 10, 2022. The study was conducted based on clinical guidelines and previously published evidence in peer-reviewed journals. A total of nine (n = 9) public health centers were involved in the study. A total of 223 study participants for service program evaluation. For the qualitative study, 12 key informants were interviewed at exit consecutively. Additionally, resource inventory and record review were conducted. Data were analyzed using SPSS for Windows version 25. Multi-variate logistic regression was used to check the association between the outcome and independent variables. Multivariate logistic regression was analyzed when the p-value was less than or equal to 0.25 in bivariate binary logistic regression, considering the statistical significance at p-value < 0.05. Qualitative data were analyzed manually by summarizing into a key thematic area. The evaluation findings were interpreted based on a predetermined judgment matrix with stakeholders during the evaluability assessment. From quality perspectives, study found that, pre-cancerous cervical lesion screening service concerning program resource availability was measured to be 80%, which was good. In terms of satisfaction, the study found that 88% of clients were satisfied with the precancerous cervical lesion screening service provided by health centers. Occupational status of a government employee (AOR: 0.04; 95% CI: 0.003,0.63), educational status with no formal education (AOR: 0.04; 95%CI: 0.006, 0.23), long-term use of contraceptives (AOR: 3.70; 95%CI: 1.34, 10.21), and having multiple children up to three (AOR: 3.27; 95%CI: 1.3, 9.44) were significantly associated factors with client satisfaction on screening services for precancerous cervical. However, while the overall program implementation scored 78.67%, categorized as good, certain areas require improvement. Compliance with national guidelines among healthcare professionals were rated at 74%, indicating a need for enhanced adherence to established standards. Qualitative findings revealed that trained providers often handle multiple responsibilities, leading to service quality challenges due to overburdening. Additionally, financial constraints hinder the availability of essential equipment and medications, posing significant barriers to effective service delivery. In conclusion, although the level of satisfaction with service provision was good and the overall quality of service was acceptable. However, the availability of necessary resources and compliance of health care providers to national guidelines need improvement. We recommend more efforts be exerted on improving providers' compliance and availing of necessary resources to enhance the status of pre-cancerous cervical cancer screening services.

The Risks from State and Local Government Employee Pension Plans: A Stochastic Simulation Analysis

The Risks from State and Local Government Employee Pension Plans: A Stochastic Simulation Analysis

Using a narrative approach in self-help groups for young people experiencing employment problems: Japanese experience

This article examines the problem of marginalisation of young people in the post-industrial society of Japan who experience the mental state of ikizurasa, consisting of feelings of disunity, isolation, anxiety, and leading to the inability to obtain a stable and well-paid job. The socio-economic conditions for the emergence and spread of this condition among Japanese youth are described. Its socio-economic and personal-mental aspects are highlighted and disclosed. It has been established that the mental state similar to the ikizurasa is not a specifically Japanese phenomenon, as it is observed in the countries with a Western mentality, in particular in Europe. A critical analysis of the socio-political assistance programmes proposed by the Japanese government is conducted, revealing their weak effectiveness when applied to subjects experiencing the ikizurasa. A narrative approach has been proposed as an alternative to the government employment programmes. The characteristics of psychological assistance formats that use narrative methods are given. Using the example of the social practice of self-help groups, the psychotherapeutic effectiveness of the narrative approach has been identified and substantiated,consisting in the individual’s awareness of their own needs, strengthening the feelings of stability and integration of their Self, and in the emergence of an active subject position in relation to their own employment. Prospects for further research are outlined.

Needs Assessment for Public Health Competency in Infection Prevention and Control: Importance and Performance Analysis (IPA) of Infectious Disease Response Practitioners.

The Field Epidemiology Training Program Frontline, initiated by the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency in 2019, aims to enhance the competencies of infectious disease practitioners across 17 regions in South Korea. With the September 2024 amendment to the Infectious Disease Prevention Act mandating infectious disease prevention and crisis response training for government employees who are associated with infectious diseases responses, there is an urgent need to assess and optimize the effectiveness and cost-efficiency of such competency-based education programs amidst constraints of budget and manpower. This study examined the educational needs and priorities of public health competencies among infectious disease practitioners. The competency framework for Infectious Disease Response Practitioners (IDRP) in South Korea was used to evaluate the validity, importance, and performance level of competencies for infectious disease response personnel. For the training needs analysis, differences in performance by group were analyzed, and an importance performance analysis (IPA) was conducted using the Borich Needs Assessment based on the IPA matrix to derive training priorities. The analysis revealed a significant gap between perceived importance and self-reported performance levels in most competencies, especially epidemiologic methods. Competencies related to safety and ethics, fieldwork, and crisis management have high importance and performance ratings, indicating a need for ongoing training. Of the 27 competencies, the IPA identified specific training needs and priorities, suggesting eight competencies for focused intervention to strengthen the capacity of IDRPs. The IDRP competency framework in South Korea plays a pivotal role in establishing a standardized, competency-based approach to training IDRP. The identified gaps and training priorities highlight the need for continued curriculum development and the integration of real-world, field-based scenarios into training programs.

Availability, price and affordability of essential medicines for managing cardiovascular disease in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Access to health care is a fundamental human right. However, nearly one-third of the global population have no access to it. This magnitude is even much worse in low- and middle-income countries. A cross-sectional study was conducted from April 12 to June 5, 2024 to determine availability, price and affordability of essential medicines for managing cardiovascular diseases using WHO/HAI methodology in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Data on the availability and price of the lowest priced generic medicines were collected from five public, ten private and eight other sectors in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. The availability was assessed as the percentage of health facilities that stocked the listed medicines. The prices of these medicines were evaluated across all sectors. Price variations were calculated to identify differences among these settings. Additionally, medicine prices were compared against the management sciences for health (MSH) International Reference Prices to calculate the Median Price Ratio (MPR), providing a standardized measure of price affordability and accessibility. The data was analyzed using WHO/HAI work book Excel sheet V 15. The overall availability of generic drugs in all sectors was found to be 34.52%. The availability was 33.73, 40.58, 29.8 and 33.99% in Public, Private, Kenema and Red Cross pharmacies, respectively. The median price ratios for the medications used to treat cardiovascular disease were 3.49, 7.24, 2.84 and 5.2 at Public, Private, Kenema, and Red Cross Pharmacies, respectively. Majority of the medicines were found to be unaffordable, costing up to 352.44 days’ wage of the lowest paid government employee to cover a one-month standard treatment. In conclusion, the study underscores significant challenges in the availability, pricing, and affordability of LPG medications to treat CVDs in Ethiopia.

An examination of autopsies in a 400 bedded government hospital in Jhelum. An insight into the sudden cause of death and costs associated with autopsy in young government personnel

Objective: To explore the different causes of sudden death among serving government employees. Method: The audit study was conducted at the Pathology Department of a tertiary care hospital Combined Military Hospital (CMH) Jhelum, Pakistan, and comprised data of all autopsies between January 2017 and June 2021. Sampling technique was non probability purposive sampling technique which requires no statistical method calculation. Data was recorded related to weight of specimens, lists of tissue specimens for histopathological, chemical, and forensic examination, and the tests performed on samples of blood, urine, and other body fluids. Ethical review approval was taken from ethical review committee of the hospital dated October 2017. Data was analysed using Microsoft excel. Results: All the 34 autopsies of male subjects were performed to explore the cause of sudden death. Coronary atherosclerosis was the most common cause of death 14(41.2%), followed by drowning 4(11.7%). Drug abuse, blood alcohol, narcotics, carbon monoxide and toxic elements were found in 5(14.7%) cases. Conclusion: Myocardial infarction was found to be the most common cause of death among serving government employees. Key Words: Autopsy, Coronary atherosclerosis.

Muffled olfactory and sensory cues from the reproductive stage soybean selectively reduce oviposition of a major polyphagous herbivore, fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda).

While the mother knows best/preference performance hypothesis has been well tested in natural ecosystems, how these ecological principles differ in agroecosystems is less explored. In this study, we investigated the ovipositional preference and offspring performance of fall armyworm (FAW) across vegetative and reproductive stages of soybean. We examined trichomes, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and assessed electroantennogram (EAG) measurements to understand how olfactory responses are affected by volatiles at different phenological stages during photoperiodism (photophase and scotophase). We found that gravid FAW preferred the vegetative compared to reproductive stage of soybean. Although VOC and EAG responses was not statistically different (P > 0.05) between photophase and scotophase, but vegetative stage exhibited significantly (P ≤ 0.05) higher emissions and responses than the reproductive stage during both photophase and scotophase. Additionally, reproductive stage had lower trichomes compared to the vegetative stage. Interestingly, no significant difference was observed in offspring performance between the vegetative and reproductive stages of soybean. This suggests that oviposition preference does not necessarily correlate with offspring performance, which was confirmed through offspring mass and mass gain studies. Olfactory and sensory cues from soybean at reproductive stage reduced oviposition by mother FAW. Collectively, we show that while mother knows best may not fit FAW-Soybean interaction, muffled volatile emission in reproductive stages can have positive consequences for host success. The results from this study will enhance our understanding of FAW behavior across different phenological stages of host plants, that can be used to develop alternative and sustainable management strategies. © 2024 The Author(s). Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry. This article has been contributed to by U.S. Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA.

Quality of Health Care Services of Emergency Departments Between Public and Private Sectors from The Patients’ Companions Experiences

Background: People frequently choose private hospitals despite public healthcare services are provided free of charge in the Kurdistan Region. We assessed quality of health services of emergency departments (EDs) between public and private sectors. Methods: In this comparative cross-sectional study, individuals who received health services from either public or private ED in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq were personally invited. Results: Most of the admitted patients in both private and public EDs were in the middle age group, female and were from urban areas. A greater proportion of government employees sought care at public EDs (20.0%) than at private ones. A considerable percentage of patients did not trust the competence of medical staff in both public and private ED. But a lower percentage of trust was found in the public ED (35.67% vs. 53.67%; P&lt;0.0001, respectively) compared to the patients in the private ED. The patients in the private ED significantly received great attention from the medical staff, were taken seriously by the medical staff, the medical staff listened to their medical conditions, the patients had better clarity of explanations of the results of examinations. Also, the private ED had better state of seriously taken by medical staff, hygiene, and care rapidity, assessment, and clarity of explanations of the health problem. However, the private ED had worse condition about the information by medical staff on readmission in case of health problems. Conclusion: This study indicated that the private EDs provide higher quality services across various aspects compared to public EDs.

Male involvement in antenatal care follow-up and its determinants in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis

ObjectiveTo determine the involvement of males in antenatal care (ANC) follow-up and its determinants in Ethiopia.DesignA systematic review and meta-analysis.Data sourcesA systematic search was done on PubMed, African Journals Online,...

Household Satisfaction with Community Health Insurance Scheme and Associated Factors in Adama Woreda, East Shewa Zone, Ethiopia

Understanding the level of satisfaction and factors associated with it is essential to ensure the sustainability of the community- based health insurance (CBHI) program. Therefore, this study aimed to assess household satisfaction with a community-based health insurance scheme and its associated factors in the Adama district. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in households of Adama district from February 15-30, 2023. The Systematic random sampling technique under multi-stage sampling was used to select study participants. A face-to-face interview with a total of 620 households was conducted by using a pre-tested structured questionnaire. Descriptive analysis, bivariable, and multivariable logistic regression analysis were conducted. Variables with p-value &amp;lt; 0.05 were considered statistically significant to determine independent predictors of household satisfaction with the CBHI scheme. The level of household satisfaction with the CBHI scheme was found to be 61.1%. Satisfaction was found significantly associated with male household heads (AOR=0.545; 95% C.I 0.358-0.831), households with the educational level of able to read and write, grade 1-4 and grade 5-8,(AOR=0.281; 95% C.I 0.131-0.603; AOR=0.533; 95% C.I 0.311-0.915 and, AOR=0.409; 95% C.I 0.191-0.877) respectively, followers of waqefeta religion (AOR=2.123; 95% C.I 0.858-5.262), occupation of government employment (AOR=3.493; 95% C.I 1.949-6.262), those who strongly agreed with immediate care (AOR=0.508; 95% C.I 0.270-0.957), those who strongly agree and disagree with CBHI scheme office opining time (AOR=0.157; 95% C.I 0.044-0.556; AOR=-0.049; 95% C.I 0.006-0.384) and those who disagree with payment of premium schedule (AOR=150.66; 95% C.I 6.171-3678.207). This study showed that the overall satisfaction of households in the Adama district with the CBHI scheme was very good. Male households, waqefeta region followers, occupation of government employees, educational level, immediate care, BBHI office opening time, and premium schedule paying were significant factors of satisfaction with CBHI. Consideration should be given to increasing the accessibility of immediate health care, improving the educational level of households, and improving enrollee’s knowledge of CBHI benefit packages.

Dietary diversity and its associated factors among adolescent girls in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BackgroundEven though fragmented and inconsistent findings have been reported in Ethiopia, adolescence is a period of rapid growth following infancy and is severely affected by micronutrient deficiencies, food insecurity, and poor-quality diets. Therefore, the aim of this meta-analysis was to estimate the pooled prevalence of dietary diversity and its associated factors among adolescent girls in Ethiopia.MethodsInternational databases such as EMBASE, Hinari, Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, and direct Google searches were systematically used to search for articles and reports. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale, modified as appropriate, was used for cross-sectional studies to assess the quality of the included articles and reports. A Microsoft Excel sheet was used for data extraction and then exported into STATA version 17 for further analysis. The pooled prevalence of dietary diversity was estimated using a random effects meta-analysis approach. Egger’s and Begg’s tests were employed to evaluate publication bias.ResultsThe pooled prevalence of minimum dietary diversity among adolescent girls in Ethiopia was 43% (95% CI: 30, 56) with significant heterogeneity (I2 = 99.2%, p = 0.00). Urban residence (OR: 2.46), mother being a government employee (OR: 2.31), attending a private school (OR: 6.24), adolescent having formal maternal education (OR: 4.49), adolescent having formal paternal education (OR: 3.26), father being a government employee (OR: 3.50), father being a merchant employee (OR: 2.51), middle family wealth index (OR: 1.76), household food security (OR: 3.96), receiving nutrition counseling (OR: 2.46), and higher meal frequency (OR: 7.35) were significantly associated with minimum dietary diversity.ConclusionThe pooled prevalence of dietary diversity among adolescent girls was low. Factors significantly associated with achieving minimum dietary diversity included urban residence, higher parental education and employment in government, private school attendance, household wealth, food security, receiving nutrition counseling, and higher meal frequency. These findings emphasize the need to improve dietary diversity among rural adolescent girls and food insecure households. Establishing nutrition counseling services could enhance understanding and skills related to a varied diet.

Exploring Municipal Personnel Perspectives on the Viability of Shared Service Centres in South Africa’s Underperforming Municipalities

Shared Service Centres (SSCs) are considered efficient for tackling local government issues. Frequently, they are acknowledged for improving the quality, effectiveness, and efficiency of services due to the advantages of cost savings, risk management, cooperation, information sharing, reduction in duplication, enhanced productivity, and greater customer satisfaction. Although South Africa has had a legislative and policy framework (The Municipal Structures Act 117 of 1998) to establish SSCs in local government for over two decades, it has not been fully implemented to create viable and well-functioning SSCs nationally (Republic of South Africa, 1998). This paper examines the perceptions of municipal employees on the feasibility, possible benefits, and difficulties of implementing shared service centres in underperforming municipalities in South Africa. The study seeks to ascertain the employees’ perception of the potential impact of shared service centres on their municipality’s financial viability and service delivery. The data for this study were gathered using online surveys and focus groups, including 132 local government employees selected from 10 local municipalities across South Africa. The findings suggest that most municipal personnel view shared service centres as feasible to attain cost-effectiveness and enhance service provision. However, concerns regarding job losses, power shifts, and local government autonomy arose during implementation. This article argues that effective shared service centres can improve operational efficiency, service delivery, and financial sustainability by leveraging economies of scale. This reduces costs, improves procedures, optimises resource use, shares expertise, and unites efforts to address various municipality challenges. The research recommends robust governance frameworks to manage SSCs efficiently, ensuring accountability, transparency, and fair service delivery.

MEMBERSHIP IN NATIONAL HEALTH INSURANCE AMONG WORKERS IN INDONESIA

Background: The government regulates National Health Insurance (NHI), making it mandatory for everyone. However, at this time, only some, including workers, are NHI members. Moreover, the government regulates who pays these workers' premiums. Aims: The study aimed to analyze the disparities of occupation type in NHI membership among workers in Indonesia. Methods: We involved 22,275 workers in the analysis. The analyzed variables included NHI's membership, occupation type, residence type, age group, gender, education level, marital status, and wealth status. The study employed binary logistic regression in the final step. Results: The results showed that government employees were 11.864 times more likely to be a member of NHI than the informal sector (95%CI 11.811-11.917). The private sector was 1.646 times more likely than the informal sector to be an NHI member (95%CI 1.643-1.648). Meanwhile, entrepreneurs were 0.828 times less likely to be NHI members than the informal sector (95%CI 0.827-0.829). The study found six control variables related to NHI membership: residence, age, gender, education, marital, and wealth status. Conclusion: The study concluded that NHI membership disparities existed based on occupation type. Accordingly, government employees, the private sector, the informal sector, and entrepreneurs are the most likely to become NHI members. Keywords: health insurance, health policy, national health insurance, occupation type.

Parents' Willingness-to-Pay for Fissure Sealant and Fluoride Varnish Therapy in Public and Private Pediatric Clinics.

This study employed the willingness-to-pay (WTP) method to investigate parents' valuation of fissure sealant (FS) and fluoride varnish (FV) therapy. This cross-sectional analytical study was conducted in 2021 among 100 parents. The maximum WTP were collected using payment cards, an originally developed validated and reliable questionnaire, educational videos, and a hypothetical scenario. The data were analyzed using ANOVA, t-test, Pearson correlation coefficient, and linear regression tests (α = 0.05). The mean (±SD) WTP was 245 700 (±158 756.24) and 232380.0 (±166 561.71) IR Tomans for FS and FV, respectively. WTP was significantly higher among parents who visited private clinics (p < 0.05) and government employees. Both in the whole sample and in the public group, parents without supplemental insurance had lower WTP values. The WTP values elicited through the payment card method (p = 0.014) and the open-ended question (p = 0.031) for fathers with educational attainment below a high school diploma were significantly lower. There was no significant difference between the WTP values for these two therapies. Income level of the parents was the main indicator in the regression models, especially for WTP values of FS. The demographic and socioeconomic conditions of parents as well as their insurance status were associated with the WTP values.

Psychological conditions, social coexistence and rehabilitation of ex-prisoners under Internal Security Act in the southern border provinces of Thailand

Ex-prisoners are defined as those under the Internal Security Act who have previously committed offenses connected to the incidences of disturbance/conflicts in Thailand's southern border provinces. Additionally, certain people have a strong propensity for repeat transgressions, which could be detrimental to society. This study used qualitative research techniques and in-depth interviews to examine psychological circumstances, social coexistence, means of subsistence, occupations, and current support practices. Following a period of reintegration into society, some observations were made namely: i) 23 ex-prisoners in the southern border provinces were on insurgent charges, ii) 10 government employees with five years of experience were in care, assistance, healing, and rehabilitation process, and iii) four members of civil society with five years of experience in aid, recovery, and rehabilitation were among the informers for the sources of information. The results also revealed that most ex-prisoners experienced psychological stress and anxiety after re-entering society. This phenomenon occurs due to issues related to debt, low income, localized violence, and frequent visits by the army troops' to their houses, it was discovered that some groups were stigmatized by local residents. Nevertheless, they were found to have adjusted to living and got along well with their families. In terms of occupation and sources of income, it was found that most were merchants, general laborers, and rubber tappers. Additionally, the community networks supporting the restoration of coexistence in the community are either the responsibility from government agencies or authority both direct or indirect involvement of the civil society organizations/Non-Governmental Organisation (NGOs). The findings of this study will be helpful in establishing a framework for assisting and rehabilitating the quality of life of ex-prisoners under the Internal Security Act that is congruent with the local requirements and context.

Studi Evaluasi Kinerja Aparat Desa Dalam Meningkatkan Pelayanan Publik Ditinjau Dalam Perspektif Hukum Administrasi Negara

Village officials are government employees in the field of public services who have duties and obligations towards services to the community who work and support the Village Head in carrying out his duties. In the relationship between the government and the community, various concepts are known such as state administrative law which studies the actions in organizing a country, including in villages. Public services are very necessary in fulfilling the desires and needs of the community in the village government.This research was conducted using a normative legal research method. The data collection methods used by the author were interviews and literature studies. Interviews are data collection techniques conducted through face-to-face and direct question and answer between researchers and informants, while literature studies are data processing conducted by systematically analyzing written legal materials with a statutory approach and a case study approach.The results of this study indicate that the performance of village officials in Pasar V Kebun Kelapa Village has not fully implemented good public service performance in terms of understanding of duties and functions, innovation, work speed, work accuracy and work between employees to realize excellent service.

The Psychological Impact of Toxic Work Culture in the Public Sector: A Study on Government Employees

The Psychological Impact of Toxic Work Culture in the Public Sector: A Study on Government Employees