Government Decree Research Articles

Problems of single-industry towns: world experience and Russian practice

The process of industrialisation in Russia was accompanied by the creation of many cities, the economy of which is associated with a certain industry. At the same time, the city is completely dependent on one or more of the same type of enterprises. Such an enterprise is called a city-forming one, since it employs 30 % of all working people in the city, and their families make up half of the urban population. The dependence of the city on the enterprise that is one of the main problems, since the state of the enterprise directly affects the economy of the entire city. The activity of the enterprise determines the unemployment rate in the city, the size of the city budget and the state of engineering networks. In the case of a crisis and the shutdown of the enterprise, the economy of a single-industry city will face huge problems. The purpose of the study was to identify the problems of the Russian single-industry towns, and review foreign methods of leveling them. The object of the study were the Russian single-industry towns defined by the Russian Government Decree No. 1398-r dated on 29.07.2014 (revised on 21.01.2020) “On Approval of the List of Monoprofile Municipal Entities of the Russian Federation (Mono-Cities)”. The main research method was comparative analysis. The main problems of single-industry towns in Russia have been formulated: infrastructure provision and monoprofile economy. A comparative analysis of domestic and foreign experience in solving these problems is carried out and the directions of modernisation of Russian single-industry towns are proposed. Issues of legal support for the implementation of the proposed recommendations require further elaboration.

Pemenuhan Kebijakan Sektor UMKM dan Pedagang Kaki Lima sebagai Pekerja Sektor Informal dalam Peningkatan Kegiatan Perekonomian Pasca Pandemi Covid-19

The deadly Covid-19 pandemic has spread to all corners of the world, causing the downgrade of the health sector, and economic sector, including Indonesia. Government appeals such as physical distancing, social distancing, and stay at home make people's needs decrease and cause economic turbulence, especially for MSMEs and street vendors; they are pillars of income for Indonesia. Considering that MSMEs that survive and experience an increase during the pandemic are those who can connect to the digital ecosystem, MSMEs and street vendors, together with the government, are obliged to carry out sustainable economic transformations such as innovation with the introduction of digitalization to facilitate transactions even though sellers and buyers do not meet up. Therefore as the rule of law, the government has provided convenience related to electronic business licensing for MSMEs and Street Vendors. The steps are followed with regulatory objectives Act Number 6 of 2018 about Health Quarantine although Government decree Number 21 of 2020 about Large-Scale Social Restrictions in the context of Accelerating the Handling of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid-19) must prioritize health protocols even though it has entered the era of Adaptation of New Habits after soaring cases of covid-19. The government also presents MSME PEN Program as MSME Economic Recovery; nevertheless, policy effectiveness for affected MSMEs is more needed during this New Normal Period. Adoption of MSME Effective Restorative Policy is needed now because of the Ultra Micro Assistance movement, Love Local Products, and the Synergy of one MSME Data which is expected to be able to assist the government in implementing policy efficiency following with the realization of the value of Pancasila social justice for the whole of the people of Indonesia in the MSME Effective Restorative Policy.

Universitatea din Cernăuți: de la modelul cultural german la cel românesc, de sorginte franceză

In the mid-nineteenth century, the desire to establish a form of higher education in Bukovina, the most eastern province of the Habsburg Monarchy, meant to contribute to increasing the degree of culture of the local elite, was one of the concerns of the society of the time and it was expressed as early as 1848. As a result, residents from different social categories have also repeatedly addressed requests to the local political authorities, especially the Provincial Parliament, to ask the central regime for approval of the establishment of a higher education institution in the provincial capital, Chernivtsi. After being approved by the Chamber of Deputies and the Imperial Senate, on March 13 and March 20, respectively, the draft law on the establishment of the University of Chernivtsi received, on March 31, 1875, the imperial sanction.Until 1918, the "Francisco-Josephine" University of Chernivtsi, which was created after the model of the higher education institutions in Austria, had in its composition three faculties, namely: the Faculty of Law and Political Science, the Faculty of Philosophy and Letters and the Faculty of Orthodox Theology, lacking the Faculty of Medicine. The collapse of the Habsburg Monarchy at the end of The First World War, which had as a consequence the union of Bukovina with the Kingdom of Romania, on November 28, 1918, will directly influence the becoming of the university within the frameworks of the Romanian state. In the summer of 1919, the publication of the decree of the Romanian government followed, by which, the non-Romanian professors from the University of Chernivtsi, were asked to give a statement that they were committed to learning the Romanian language in two years, so that they could then teach in this language. This was the mandatory condition for keeping them in office, in addition to taking the oath of allegiance to the Romanian state and the king. Considering that the required deadline was too short for learning the Romanian language at a level that would allow them to hold academic lectures and publish scientific papers, most of the foreign professors from the University of Chernivtsi decided to give up their teaching activity here and at the beginning of September 1919 they were repatriated to Austria. The new Romanian university was inaugurated on October 24, 1920, in the synodal hall of the metropolitan residence in Cernăuţi. In the new Romanian organization of the university, the German language and Germanistics declined, given that the German language changed its status, from the situation of a state language to the state of language of a minority. The reorganization of the University of Chernivtsi in its Romanian form meant, in addition to the establishment of numerous new departments, such as psychology, sociology, art history, algebra, astronomy or mechanics, which, due to the lack of competent frameworks, have long remained unoccupied and the abolition of some of the old ones, such as that of Austrian history, Ukrainian language, German or Austrian law. The University of Chernivtsi ceased its activity as a Romanian university, of French cultural origin, with the entry of Soviet troops in Chernivtsi, on July 28, 1940, following the ultimatum given by the Kremlin to the Romanian government, which led to the annexation of the territory of Northern Bukovina by the Soviet Union.

Restoration and Activity of the Land Committees in the Perm Province under the Government of A. V. Kolchak: November 1918 – July 1919

During the Civil war, A. V. Kolchak's government had no time to resolve numerous practical issues. That is why his government restored the former public authority and self-government institutions. The local population was concerned about the land issue, but the government provided no answer. Instead, they restored land committees as per the legislation of the Provisional government. Their main task was to elaborate on the land reform. However, the status of the institutions was uncertain, and they were not easily restored in the region after the Soviet rule. Following the necessity to regulate land relations on the spot, the authorities had to reform the restored committees. The Decree of the Provisional government dated April 21, 1917, attributed these structures with both elements of public authority and local self-government. Kolchak's government tried to apply the experience of the Perm province in Siberia, so the local committees were transferred completely to the local self-government system as departments of the regional "zemstvos", or municipalities. Lacking respective powers, the local self-government failed to solve the land issue within the short period of Kolchak’s rule. In the wake of military losses, Kolchak's government set up the Land Council in May 1919. However, the Perm region was re-occupied by the bolshevists in June-July 1919, and all the institutions were replaced by the Soviet ones. Unfortunately, A. V. Kolchak’s agrarian policy received almost no scientific attention. This article features the activities of the land authorities in the Perm province during the regime of Kolchak’s government. Its scientific novelty lies in a comprehensive systematic study of the restoration of land committees in the Perm province and their further transformation. Archival data made it possible to define the place of land authorities in the system of state and public structures under the brief rule of A. V. Kolchak.

La migración china en República Dominicana: 1862–1961

La migración china en República Dominicana: 1862–1961

Covid payments to medical workers: current changes

The article considers the changes that have been introduced in terms of the implementation of coronavirus compensation payments to employees of medical and other organizations. The changes in the current procedure are related to the adoption of Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 1268 of July 15, 2022 “On the procedure for providing compensation payments to certain categories of persons at risk of contracting a new coronavirus infection”. On the basis of Government Decree No. 1268, methodological recommendations of the Ministry of Health and the Ministry of Labor of Russia were adopted, which contain organizational and methodological tools for making payments. The article presents a consistent overview of new documents, details of the introduced procedure for making compensation payments are disclosed, examples of calculation are given.

MIGRASI DAN XENOFOBIA: ANALISIS KEBIJAKAN MIGRASI TERTUTUP HONGARIA ERA PERDANA MENTERI VIKTOR ORBÁN

Hungary is a European Union (EU) member state that has received international attention for its migration policy. While other EU member states assisted each other in accepting the refugee relocation program in response to Europe's immigration crisis, Hungary refused it. This cannot be separated from Prime Minister Viktor Orbán's leadership figure. As a result, the purpose of this article is to analyze why Hungary's migration policy is so stringent and restrictive. Using framing theory and qualitative analytical methodologies, this article proves that the Hungarian government purposefully constructed a xenophobic narrative platform. Furthermore, the renewal of migration strategies has always been restricted, as evidenced by the existence of: amendments to the Government Decree and the Asylum Act; rejection of the EU's mandatory quota system; and the existence of a selective-racism and deeply-rooted racism within the Hungarian state.

Criteria for ensuring the cyber-security of vehicles in international agreements under the auspices of the UN and their prospects in Russia

Introduction (problem statement and relevance). The current Eurasian Economic Union regulatory documents do not provide cyber-security assessment for “connected”, highly automated and unmanned vehicles.The purpose of the study was to analyze the current assessment, provided for by international standards and the UN Regulations.Methodology and research methods. The proposed method of assessment was to establish and analyze risk and threat requirements, to be taken into consideration regarding “connected”, highly automated and unmanned vehicles before their release onto public roads.Results. The cyber-security requirements for highly automated and unmanned vehicles at the International Standardization Organization (ISO) level, the World Forum for Harmonization of Vehicles Requirements of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe in the form of ISO standards and UN Regulations were considered, as well as the ways of including these requirements at the regional level of the Eurasian Economic Union as part of the technical regulation “On the safety of wheeled vehicles” (TR TS 018/2011), the national level of Russia in the form of a change in the Government Decree of the Russian Federation dated November 26, 2018 No. 1415 “On conducting a trial operation experiment of highly automated transport on public roads”.The scientific novelty lies in the proposed cyber-security requirements that must be applied to highly automated and unmanned vehicles before they are released on public roads both in Russia and the Eurasian Economic Union.Practical significance. The results of the study can be used to improve the technical regulations of the Eurasian Economic Union in the field of car manufacturing and the development of national legislative acts of the Russian Federation in this area.

Adjustments to Community Organization Law: Implications for Freedom of Association, Assembly, and Expression

The principles of Pancasila and the collective ethos of the Indonesian people should guide the freedom of association, assembly, and expression of opinion, serving as a conduit for achieving shared objectives within the framework of national unity. Despite existing restrictions, judicial oversight remains essential. While judicial control over the dissolution of community organizations may be absent, government decrees retain validity until permanent legal status is determined by the courts. Consequently, the government must conduct thorough investigations to identify instances of freedom abuse contrary to Pancasila, which may jeopardize national security and order. Concurrently, the state has a responsibility to safeguard these freedoms for compliant mass organizations, contingent upon their adherence to regulations outlined in the Community Organization Law.

P-716 The impact of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic on ART activity in Italy during 2020

Study questionEvaluate the impact of restrictive measures, implemented to contain the spread SARS-CoV-2, on ART activity in Italy during 2020.Summary answerDue to periods of suspension of certain medical procedures in 2020, ART activity has undergone a substantial reduction.What is known alreadySince the end of February 2020, the spread of SARS-CoV-2 has taken a dramatic toll, especially in Northern Italy. In order to ensure that the majority of National Health System resources were employed to control the epidemic, non-urgent medical procedures such as ART treatments, were suspended or postponed by a Government Decree issued on March 9, 2020. Only fertility preservation in cancer patients continued as these procedures could not be deferred. The first suspension of activity lasted about two months. Then, throughout 2020 many ART centers were forced to suspend their activity again because of flairs in SARS-CoV-2 infection rates.Study design, size, durationThe Italian Assisted Reproductive Technology Register (IARTR) retrospectively analyzed ART cycles applied in Italy in 2020 (67,928 ART cycles performed on 57,423 patients). The 2020 ART cycles were compared to those applied in 2019 (82,476 ART cycles performed on 67,633 patients). Data collection was organized yearly in two different time frames: the first regards the activity conducted during the year until pregnancy and the second regards pregnancy outcomes.Participants/materials, setting, methodsA total of 205 ART clinics have sent data to the IARTR in 2019 and/or 2020. Among those clinics 54.1% were private, 37.1% were public and 8.9% were private covered by NHS. Records were securely kept in the IARTR archive. The analysis has been performed utilizing SPSS 27.0Main results and the role of chanceIn 2020, the number of total ART cycles reported was 67,928 including 38,728 homologous fresh cycles (Fresh), 1,099 frozen/thawed oocytes (FO), 19,314 frozen embryo (FER) and 8,787 ART donation cycles. In 2019, 82,476 cycles were reported, including 50,324 Fresh, 1,361 FO, 21,796 FER and 8,995 gametes donation. In 2020, there have been 14,548 less ART cycles than in 2019, equivalent to a 17.6% of reduction in overall activity. However, the reduction was not homogeneous for all ART techniques, in particular there was a reduction of -23% in fresh cycles, of -11.4% in FER, of -19.3% in FO and of -2.3% for gametes donation. This overall reduction led to 3,325 fewer pregnancies. The reduction of treatment cycles observed in 2020 brings to 2,119 fewer deliveries (-18.0%) and to 2,539 fewer live born babies (-19.8%) compared to 2019. The percentage reduction of births is not homogeneous for the different ART techniques, ranging from -0.3% in donation cycles to -36.9% in fresh cycles. Lastly, during 2020 a reduction in multiple births (-2.1%) has been observed.Limitations, reasons for cautionSince the national ART Register collect only summary data more deep analysis could not be performed. For some ART techniques the reduction may have been greater (i.e. donation cycles) if considering the growing trends of previous years.Wider implications of the findingsCovid-19 pandemic has had a strong impact on Italian Health System. ART procedures suffered a reduction of availability. Since Italy has the lowest birth rate in Europe and ART plays an important role answering to the need of infertile couples, Government should support access to these treatments with dedicated actions.Trial registration numbernot applicable

Study of solid municipal waste accumulation rates in penitentiary facilities in Perm Krai during the pandemic of 2020

Preventing the release of hazardous substances from waste into the environment is the most important environmental safety objective of municipal waste management. Uncontrolled dumping in landfills has a negative impact on the environment, being a source of harmful chemical and biological substances in the ground and surface waters, atmospheric air and soil, creating a certain threat to the health and life of the population. At present, the environmental problem associated with the collection and disposal of solid municipal waste (MSW) and is relevant not only for civil organisations, but also for institutions of the penitentiary system. The volume of MSW flows needs to be constantly updated, and therefore an average annual waste generation rate needs to be determined. The research described in the article was carried out during four seasons of 2020 at the facilities of the penal and correctional system of Perm Krai, on the example of remand prisons. The methodology for performing calculations based on the current regulatory documents is presented: methodological recommendations on issues related to the determination of MSW accumulation standards, approved by Order No. 524 of the Ministry of Construction and Housing and Communal Services of the Russian Federation dated July 28, 2016 and the Russian Government Decree No. 269 dated April 4, 2016 "On determining the accumulation standards for solid municipal waste". As a result of the work, the average daily and average annual volumes and masses of waste generated per person were determined. Fluctuations in waste generation during the four seasons were insignificant.

Issues of formation of risk management of significant objects of critical information infrastructure

With the increasing number of attacks related to information security, enterprises need to review the principles of risk management, to maintain the relevance and increase the reliability of information security management system. The article considers topical issues of risk management of significant objects of critical information infrastructure. International standards on information security ISO/IEC27001-2021, ISO/IEC 27005-2010 and requirements of the Federal Law of July 26, 2017. № 187-FL "On the security of critical information infrastructure of the Russian Federation". In particular, the rules of categorization of critical information infrastructure objects approved by the Government Decree of February 8, 2018. № 127 «On approving the rules of categorizing objects of critical information infrastructure of the Russian Federation, as well as the list of indicators of criteria for the significance objects of critical information infrastructure of the Russian Federation and their values were analyzed» regarding information security risk management are analyzed. A comparative table of the risk management process for an organization that has significant critical information infrastructure facilities and the categorization process for critical information infrastructure facilities is presenting. Developed recommendations for maintaining the relevance of risk management of critical information infrastructure entities.

PERIODIZATION OF FOREIGN LANGUAGE TRAINING OF MASTERS-PHILOLOGISTS IN UKRAINE (late XX – early XXI c.)

The article reveals the periodization of foreign language training of masters of philology in the late twentieth – early twenty-first centuries. The main periods of this process are considered in the historical and cultural context, marked by the renewal of all spheres of state and social life of independent Ukraine and the European integration vector of its further socio-economic development. The study describes the stages of master’s training of future English teachers as one of the most common foreign languages in the world and therefore relevant in communicative and integrative terms in the context of globalization of interpersonal and international relations and interactions.Indicators of the development process of master’s education in Ukraine are government decrees and orders that define the strategy and regulate the conditions of its implementation in higher education institutions. The consistent nature of the state policy aimed at modernization of education in Ukraine in accordance with European requirements and norms, which determines the definition of qualification levels of higher education, in particular at its second (master’s) level is highlighted.The process of modernization of education in the context of globalization is connected with updating its content, forms and results in accordance with the world, especially European standards, which actualizes the development of normative documents of a new generation: educational programs and qualification characteristics of specialists with higher education at all its levels, programs of academic disciplines and diagnostic tools, as well as appropriate methodological support for training of specialists.The material of the article is intended for students, postgraduate students and teachers of higher education who study the history of national education.
 Keywords: foreign language training of masters; restoration of master’s education; periodization of foreign language training of masters of philology; modernization of education; globalization and European integration; program and methodological support of higher education; educational programs; qualification characteristics; programs of educational disciplines.

ANALYSIS OF THE HISTORICAL SACRED HERITAGE OF SHAANSI PROVINCE

The article analyzes the outstanding features of the traditional sacred architecture of Shanxi Province. The largest historical heritage are temples and pagodas. The article focuses on the systematization of monuments within Shaanxi Province, where the sites of nine dynasties are presented, which proves the exclusive place of the province and its capital Xi'an in the history of China. Their example identifies the main semantic features that are the expression of China's national architecture and can be used for modification in modern public buildings for various functional purposes. The turn to national origins in modern architecture has been proclaimed by Chinese government decrees.
 The systematization of historical sites by dynastic periods proved the dominance of ruins and burials-tombs in the early periods and their gradual replacement by palaces, temples, city gates.
 From the whole set of objects under state protection, those were selected that can be considered as examples of inheritance for modern objects. Thus, the land objects that have preserved their integral form, especially the temple pavilions, were chosen for imitation, taking into account the conservatism and functionality of such buildings as Buddhist pagodas. Land objects included in the conservation register were selected as typical examples of Chinese architecture of a certain period.

Assessing the Economic Impact of Lockdowns in Italy: A Computational Input–Output Approach

Abstract We build a novel interregional computational input–output model to assess the economic impact of lockdowns in Italy. Lockdowns are modeled as shocks to labor supply, calibrated on regional and sectoral employment data coupled with the prescriptions of government decrees. When estimated on data from the first lockdown, our model closely reproduces the observed economic dynamics during spring 2020. We also show that the model delivers a good out-of-sample performance during fall and winter 2020 and demonstrate that it can be used to analyze counterfactual scenarios.

Enabling reliable, interoperable and secure e-Government services in Croatia

In accordance with the Croatian Government Decree on starting an e-Citizen project, National Identification and Authentication System (NIAS) was identified as a key enabling factor for the development of user-oriented public electronic services. Its role is to manage the identities in the electronic government ecosystem in the Republic of Croatia. Furthermore, NIAS is responsible for authentication of entities which access common system and the exchange of identity information between entities that communicate with each other through a common system, or exchange documents and data as well as verifying the authenticity of such identities. NIAS provides a credible general framework of trust and identity management which greatly simplifies the necessary infrastructure, organization, and services with significantly reduced costs for all stakeholders. In this paper, we will provide design and security details of NIAS as a basis for reliable, interoperable and secure e-government services in the Republic of Croatia.

Testing the Principle of Praesumtio Iustae Causa in State Administrative Disputes During Pandemic

In the implementation of the state administrative decree, the principle of praesumtio iustae causa is known as part of the implementation of the state administrative decree to resolve state administrative disputes. This principle means that a state administrative decision is always considered valid. This research has the aim of providing protection for the rights of the people that originate from individual rights as well as providing protection for the rights of the community based on the common interests of individuals in the community. The government has an obligation to promote the general welfare as stated in the constitutional mandate. In carrying out this obligation, the government takes regulatory and administrative law enforcement actions. The research method used is descriptive normative research, judging from the effectiveness of this principle is considered valid. And not only that, the possibility of disputes in the state administrative area occurring in the current pandemic era sees this case being included in the area of state administration, even these disputes are often found in the government. The conclusion is Article 65 of Law Number 30 of 2014 concerning Government Administration, what is protected is the interests of the wider community who will be harmed by the issuance of the government decree. So that with the provisions in Article 65 of Law Number 30 of 2014 concerning Government Administration, it can add options for the community to get wider legal protection for the issuance of a government decree/action.

MERCURY ACCUMULATION IN WILD MUSHROOMS AT ABANDONED Hg-DEPOSIT MALACHOV (SLOVAKIA)

The aim of the presented article was to determine the Hg content in the fruiting bodies of 13 generally consumed mushroom species (Boletus reticulatus, Clitocybe nebularis, Lactarius deliciosus, Macrolepiota procera, Russula spp., Suillus grevillei, Tricholoma spp.) growing at the area of abandoned mercury deposit Malachov. The Hg concentrations were analyzed by thermal decomposition-gold amalgamation atomic absorption spectroscopy, using AMA-254 Advanced Mercury Analyzer. The Hg concentrations in soil varied widely (ranging from 0.01 to 2.44mg·kg-1), furthermore, they were particularly depended on the mushroom species. The fruiting bodies of Russula ochroleuca contained the highest concentrations of Hg (up to 16.69mg·kg-1). The lowest concentrations were detected in Russula aeruginea (from 0.04 to 0.06 in stipe stems and from 0.05 to 0.06mg·kg-1 in pileus) and in Russula vesca (0.05 in stipe stems; 0.09mg·kg-1 in pileus). Mercury is preferentially accumulated in the mushroom pileus (ranging from 0.05 in Russula vesca to 16.69mg·kg-1 in Russula ochroleuca). The bioconcentration factor was calculated for the rate of the Hg content in soil substrate vs. its concentration in the mushroom pileus (ranging from 0.03 to 29.22). The results indicate that some investigated mushroom species can be referred as Hg excluders (e.g. Russula vesca) whereas some other species as accumulators (e.g. Russula ochroleuca or Tricholoma portentosum). The obtained results were compared with the Government Decrees of Slovak Republic, showing that the substantial part of the studied mushroom species exceed the legal tolerance limit (0.25 mg kg-1) suggested for Hg in plant food and therefore they can be considered as inappropriate for human consumption.

Modern problems and prospects for the agricultural land use development in the Irkutsk region

At present, attention a lot is paid to agriculture development. For example, the “State Program for the Agriculture Development and the Agricultural Products, Raw Materials and Food Markets Regulation”, the May 14 Russian Federation Government Decree, 2021 No. 731 “On the State Program for the Agricultural Lands Effective Involvement and the Russian Federation Land Reclamation Complex Development”, subsidies are allocated for agriculture, etc. But in our country some regions, the agricultural industry is a non-priority. This also applies to the Irkutsk region. The article reveals the reasons for the agriculture backwardness in the Irkutsk region. In particular, the main reasons for this are that the agricultural land use nature idea is usually determined by the agricultural land structure in the district total area; the Irkutsk region land’s natural fertility cannot be considered high; agricultural production low efficiency, etc. The question arises, what are the most realistic directions and prospects for the agricultural land use development in the region in the coming period? It is necessary to develop a concept for agricultural land use in the Irkutsk region, and it should be based on the land intensification basic principles; to bring agricultural products to the consumer, i.e., improve infrastructure and processing services in the region agricultural areas; personal subsidiary and peasant (farm) farms should complement large enterprises, since the first of them can more efficiently use the agricultural land and their location-specific features, etc.

How Much Green Is Really “Cool”? Target Setting for Thermal Comfort Enhancement in a Warm, Humid City (Jakarta, Indonesia)

Green infrastructure is well recognized as a key urban climate mitigation strategy. In line with this, and following a central government decree, Jakarta Municipal Government has created a green infrastructure target of 30% underpinned by a green space weighting factor. This study questions the efficacy of such a “universal” target setting from the point of view of outdoor thermal comfort and demonstrates the basis for an alternative approach. Based on a “new’ green factor developed from a systematic analysis of the literature, thermal comfort simulations of representative local climate zones (LCZ) show that improvements in current green space policy are possible. We enumerate a rational basis for specifying green space targets per local area based on contextual realities as captured by the LCZ approach. Such a nuanced approach to mitigate the human comfort consequences of inadvertent urban growth is not only more contextually appropriate but also enhances the feasibility of achieving the intended goal of urban greening in Jakarta.