Government Assistance Programs Research Articles

Immunization: An Overview

Immunization is a worldwide and development success story as many of the children were protected from communicable diseases. Immunization frames the significant focal point of youngster endurance programs all through the world. Approximately 3 million youngsters pass on every time of antibody preventable infections with an unbalanced number of these kids living in agricultural nations. In India, vaccination has been a focal objective of the medical services framework Constitutionally, medical care is on the State's rundown of obligations and is supported by the State. It is one of a handful of the 100% halfway supported family government assistance programs and offers help for antibody capacity, preparing of clinical and paramedical staff, and all foundation needs intended for conveying inoculation to new born children at the town level.

Consumer credit usage in Canada during the coronavirus pandemic.

The recent COVID‐19 pandemic has devastated economies worldwide. Using detailed, monthly data from a major consumer credit reporting agency in Canada, we have examined individuals’ use of credit cards and home‐equity lines of credit (HELOCs). We found a dramatic leftward shift in the distribution of credit card and HELOC outstanding balances, providing evidence for a widespread reduction in credit usage. Our findings suggest that, during the COVID‐19 recession, Canadian consumers were able to meet their financial needs without increasing their debt burdens. These results complement other findings concerning a decline in consumer spending and the results of government assistance programs, and imply that the economic consequences of this pandemic are very different from those in other recessions.

Dampak Program Bantuan Produktif Usaha Mikro Terhadap Pendapatan Pelaku Usaha Mikro

The Covid-19 pandemic has had a major effect on the economic sector, especially in MSMEs. As a result, many MSMEs have been affected by the Covid-19 pandemic, one of which is business actors in Wahas Village. As a result, the government carried out national economic recovery, one of which was by providing Micro Business Productive Assistance (BPUM). This assistance is given to business actors to be able to re-support their business capital. The formulation of the problem in this paper is how the benefits and procedures for distributing the BPUM program reach the community. then also reviewed how the impact of this program on people's income after getting BPUM. The purpose of this paper is to find out how the impact of government assistance programs on the income of business actors in Wahas Village. The method used is a type of qualitative descriptive research method. The data sources used are primary and secondary data sources. Data was collected using observation, interviews and documentation.The result of this research is the BPUM procedure starting from the proposal, data cleaning, searching and monitoring, while the effect is that the provision of business capital through the BPUM program does not affect the income of BPUM recipients.

Impact of Assistance Programs on Indigenous Ways of Life in 12 Rural Remote Western Alaska Native Communities: Elder Perspectives Shared in Formative Work for the “Got Neqpiaq?” Project

ABSTRACT For more than 50 years, government programmes in the USA have been in place to help those in need have consistent access to food and education. However, questions have surfaced regarding whether or not these support impact traditional ways, such as cultural activities, food preferences, and overall health, particularly for Indigenous populations. In this paper, we share insights voiced by Alaska Native Elders in the Yukon-Kuskokwim region of Alaska and their perceptions of regulations, assistance, and the impact government assistance programmes have had on their culture. Elders raised concerns so that those administering these programmes will consider how best to meet food security and education needs without interfering with Indigenous cultural practices and traditional lifestyle.

Pelatihan dan Pendampingan English for Tour Guide Pada Program Pendidikan Kecakapan Kerja 2021 di Kabupaten Situbondo

The Employment Skills Education Program (PKK) is a government assistance program that aims to prepare human resources who are skilled, have character, are competitive, and have the ability to innovate. This is an aid to industry-based courses and training and entrepreneurial opportunities. Through the results of initial observations that have been made, graduated students of English Literature Faculty of Letters UNARS do not have special courses on skills as a tour guide. Through the English for Tour Guide Training program those who are interested in following the skills as a tour guide are included as participants in the 2021 PKK program and will be trained to have competence as a tour guide. PKM program participants who gain the skills to become tour guides will be very useful as their provision to find work. In collaboration with the AUSEI course institution as a service partner for PKM activities, it is hoped that later PKK program participants will have a competency certificate to work. This training and mentoring are carried out for approximately three months where students are given English language guidance and training that focuses on the English for Tour Guide material. During the training, students also had the opportunity to discuss and ask questions if they encountered problems during the training to reach the right solution. The expected outcome of this PKM activity is that students have special skills in English about English for Guides as evidenced by a certificate of competence.
 
 Keywords: English, English for Tour Guide, PKK program.

Food access, mobility, and transportation: a survey and key informant interviews of users of non-profit food hubs in the City of Vancouver before and during the COVID-19 crisis

BackgroundIn the City of Vancouver, Canada, non-profit food hubs such as food banks, neighbourhood houses, community centres, and soup kitchens serve communities that face food insecurity. Food that is available yet inaccessible cannot ensure urban food security. This study seeks to highlight food access challenges, especially in terms of mobility and transportation, faced by users of non-profit food hubs in the City of Vancouver before and during the COVID-19 crisis.MethodsThis study involved an online survey (n = 84) and semi-structured follow-up key informant interviews (n = 10) with individuals at least 19 years old who accessed food at a non-profit food hub located in the City of Vancouver more than once before and during the COVID-19 crisis.Results88.5% of survey respondents found food obtained from non-profit food hubs to be either very or somewhat important to their household’s overall diet. In their journey to access food at non-profit food hubs in the City of Vancouver, many survey respondents face barriers such as transportation distance/time, transportation inconveniences/reliability/accessibility, transportation costs, line-ups at non-profit food hubs, and schedules of non-profit food hubs. Comments from interview participants corroborate these barriers.ConclusionsDrawing from the findings, this study recommends that non-profit food hubs maintain a food delivery option and that the local transportation authority provides convenient and reliable paratransit service. Furthermore, this study recommends that the provincial government considers subsidizing transit passes for low-income households, that the provincial and/or federal governments consider bolstering existing government assistance programs, and that the federal government considers implementing a universal basic income. This study emphasizes how the current two-tier food system perpetuates stigma and harms the well-being of marginalized populations in the City of Vancouver in their journey to obtain food.

The Influence of Urban Poverty on Students’ Academic Optimism: Does Government Assistance Play a Role?

The present study investigated the relationship between urban poor students’ perceptions of government assistance and poverty and their level of academic optimism. A survey was administered to 500 urban poor students in two major Malaysian cities, Kuala Lumpur and Johor Bahru. The students were identified and randomly selected for the study with the help of their respective schools. AMOS version 24 was used to test the hypothesised model using Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). The findings revealed a significant direct association between students’ perceptions of poverty and academic optimism. However, no significant indirect influence was found between students’ perceptions of poverty and their academic optimism through government assistance. These findings suggest that government assistance programmes are not necessarily a contributor to students’ academic optimism. The lack of any significant influence between students’ perceptions of poverty and academic optimism, through government assistance, may indicate a need to re-evaluate the existing assistance programmes rendered by the government to students in the urban poor category.

Welfare recipients communicated pathways to resilience during stigma and material hardship in the heartland of America

ABSTRACT When individuals and families experience material hardship, government assistance programs and community services are there to help. The use of government assistance programs in the United States is highly stigmatized due to neoliberal ideology. The present study centers the lived experiences of those who have experienced material hardship and had firsthand experience with public assistance programs. This phronetic research study analyzed 27 semi-structured interviews with welfare recipients to explore how they used communication to cultivate resilience in response to material hardship and adversity. The findings of this study demonstrate the connection between communication behaviors and resilient reintegration. Resilient communication behaviors included the use of a communication network and the construction of occupational and familial identity anchors. When participants lacked resilient communication behaviors, they faced more isolation. This study points to the importance of communication as a resilience process in response to material hardship and neoliberal stigma.

Employment Loss in Informal Settlements during the Covid-19 Pandemic: Evidence from Chile.

The Covid-19 pandemic has reached almost every corner of the world. Despite the historical development, approval, and distribution of vaccines in some countries, non-pharmaceutical interventions will remain an essential strategy to control the pandemic until a substantial proportion of the population has immunity. There is increasing evidence of the devastating social and economic effects of the pandemic, particularly on vulnerable communities. Individuals living in urban informal settlements are in a structurally disadvantaged position to cope with a health crisis such as the Covid-19 pandemic. Estimates of this impact are needed to inform and prioritize policy decisions and actions. We study employment loss in informal settlements before and during the Covid-19 pandemic in Chile, using a longitudinal panel study of households living in Chile’s informal settlements before and during the health crisis. We show that before the pandemic, 75% of respondents reported being employed. There is a decrease of 30 and 40 percentage points in May and September 2020, respectively. We show that the employment loss is substantially higher for individuals in informal settlements than for the general population and has particularly affected the immigrant population. We also show that the pandemic has triggered neighborhood cooperation within the settlements and that targeted government assistance programs have reached these communities in a limited way. Our results suggest that individuals living in informal settlements are facing severe hardship as a consequence of the pandemic. In addition to providing much-needed support, this crisis presents a unique opportunity for long-term improvements in these marginalized communities.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11524-021-00575-6.

Factors Affecting Business Performance of Horse Riding Clubs

In Korea each year an estimated 0.9 million people ride horses. As the number of horse riders continues to increase, there has been an increase in the number of riding clubs. This study seeks to determine the potential for success of riding clubs. Based on data from on site survey, which is designed to be representative of Korean horse riding clubs, this paper focuses on business diagnostics and explores the factors affecting the business performance for improving competitiveness. Results show that more than 70% of riding clubs recorded the excess profits in 2019, however, more than 40% of their sales relied on government assistance programs. Our ordinary least squares estimates found worker types, the number of certified coaches, membership types, regions had a significant effect on business performance. Taken together, the results suggest more detailed data and methodological work is needed on how to robustly capture management efficiency and derive improvement measures to riding clubs.

Fraud and pandemics

PurposeThis study aims to draw out the common characteristics of frauds associated with pandemics and to identify any risks unique to them.Design/methodology/approachIt considers the range of frauds and their reporting lags and examines what is known about current frauds against individuals, businesses and government, principally using public and private sector data from Australia and the UK.FindingsThe study identifies some novel crime types and methodologies arising during the current pandemic that were not seen in previous pandemics. These changes may result from public health measures taken in response to COVID-19, the current state of technologies and the activities of law enforcement and regulatory guardians. It shows that many frauds would occur anyway, but some specific – mainly online – frauds occur during pandemics, and because of large scale government assistance programmes to businesses and individuals, far more opportunities were created from COVID-19 than in previous eras.Social implicationsThe study concludes with a discussion of the policy implications for prevention, resilience and for private and public policing and criminal justice. It stresses that plans for future pandemics must include provisions for better early monitoring and control of fraud and associated procurement corruption and notes that these require greater political will and organisation. It recommends a more serious analysis of the impact of prevention communications outreach to citizens, businesses and government.Originality/valueThe study uses fresh data on frauds from the private and public sectors and assesses some measures of control in a holistic way.

Implementation of Assistance Program For Micro Enterprises (BPUM) in Central Java

This study is motivated by the impact of the covid pandemic on micro, small and medium enterprises (UMKM). Closing of markets, closing of malls have significant impact on the ability of micro-entrepreneurs to conduct their business. One of the government's efforts to recover the economy matters and help micro-enterprises is with issue Assistance for micro-enterpreneurs (BPUM) program. 905,328 micro-entrepreneurs in Central Java were recorded to have received that government assistance program. However, the large number of BPUM recipients has not been able to fill the needs of UMKM in Central Java. It can be seen from the large number of requests and complaints for BPUM registration, both those posted through the governor's report channel, email, or other social media. This study aims to analyze and describe the implementation of BPUM program in Central Java and also to analyze and describe the supporting and inhibiting factors based on the Van Meter and Van Horne’s policy implementation model. The type of this study is descriptive method with qualitative research approach. The results of this study showed that the implementation of the program needs to be improved due to the lack of communication and limited resources.Keywords: implementation, micro-entrepreneurs, BPUM, Covid-19 pandemic

Analysis of understanding level of government welfare schemes (Among beedi workers of unorganized sector)

Beedi fabricating is perhaps the biggest business in India utilizing a huge number of laborers, lion’s share of them beingladies and kids. It falls under the class of sloppy area and thusly draws in numerous shades of malice like helpless workingconditions, absence of execution of government rules and guidelines, work of kid work, low wages, sporadic business, etc.The government has arranged and carried out numerous government assistance plans for these laborers that incorporate health advantages, protection, lodging, schooling, diversion, maternity, and so on for their upliftment. Nonetheless, the degree of attention to these plans is very low and execution is negligible because of the low degree of training among these specialists. The current investigation dives into the segment profile of these specialists alongside their degree of mindfulness in regard to government assistance plans. The information was gathered from Prayagraj in Uttar Pradesh from 347 respondents. The information was investigated utilizing proportions of focal inclination, chi-square test and Kruskal-Wallis test. The definite investigation of information uncovered that these specialists are having low pay and instruction-level, generally utilizing ladies from the moderately aged gatherings. These laborers are tolerably mindful about the plans and lower age-bunch laborers are more mindful about government assistance programs than their senior partners. The investigation proposes approaches to ad-lib the everyday environments of these laborers and plans to make mindfulness about the government assistance program of the public authority.

Mental Health Challenges Related to Neoliberal Capitalism in the United States.

Rates of mental illness have increased dramatically over the past 15 years in the United States [Products—Data Briefs—Number 283—August 2017. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/products/databriefs/db283.htm. Published August 15, 2017]. Additionally, life expectancy has fallen over the past several years due to increases in death from suicide, opioid overdose, and alcoholic liver cirrhosis as reported by Case and Deaton [Deaths of despair and the future of capitalism. Princeton University Press, 2020]. Over the last decade some have questioned whether these changes are due to neoliberal capitalist policies and ideologies. Neoliberal capitalism incorporates theories of eliminating all restrictions on the market and decreasing government assistance programs as reported by Harvey [A brief history of neoliberalism, Oxford University Press, 2005]. Since then these policies have led to income inequality, disempowerment of workers, outsourcing of manufacturing jobs, inadequate social services, mass incarceration and an expensive and ineffective healthcare system as reported by Case and Deaton [Deaths of despair and the future of capitalism. Princeton University Press, 2020] and Nkansah-Amankra et al. [International Journal of Health Services 43(2):217-240, 2013]. Studies have shown that the consequences of these policies and ideologies likely have a role in increasing rates of mental illness. This paper will discuss how these factors increase mental distress and postulate ways that mental health professionals can advocate for change.

НАСЛІДКИ COVID-19 ДЛЯ СВІТОВОЇ ЕКОНОМІКИ: ПЕРШІ ПІДСУМКИ 2020 РОКУ

The purpose of article is to comprehensively assess the consequences of COVID-19 for global economy, regions, industries and different forms of international economic relations. In early 2020, the world was hit by the COVID-19 pandemic. To save the lives of citizens and the integrity of the health care system, countries were forced to resort to radical measures: lockdowns, which included the complete or partial cessation of international traffic and the reduction of economic activity. Such actions had a negative impact on the world economy: a drop in world production, a decrease in international demand, an increase in unemployment and poverty, a decline in FDI flows. The situation has reached the level of the Great Depression of the 1930s. The COVID-19 crisis has affected regions in different ways. The research methodology combines general and special methods of scientific knowledge: descriptive-analytical, analysis and synthesis, methods of quantitative and qualitative comparisons. The information basis of the article is research and periodical publications of foreign economists, materials and analytical reports of international organizations. The results of the study revealed that the global economic crisis caused by COVID-19 started with China, which applied extremely strict quarantine restrictions and already at the end of 2020 showed economic growth. And gradually spread to Europe, North America and the rest of the world. The negative impact of COVID-19 on developed countries with a high proportion of the older people among the population most vulnerable to the disease has been most noticeable. Europe is the region that has suffered the most. For Latin America, Africa and parts of developing Asia, the COVID-19 crisis has been burdened by permanent economic problems and natural disasters: the weakness of the financial system, large public debt, high dependence on commodity prices, locust infestations etc. Developed countries had a margin of stability, so they conducted large-scale programs to support business and households, especially effective were credit guarantee and job preservation state programs. While developing countries were less affected by the spread of the disease but did not have the financial resources to deploy large-scale government assistance programs. New imbalances have emerged in the structure of the world economy. Some industries suffered huge losses and found themselves on the brink of survival (tourism, hotel and restaurant business, entertainment, etc.), unemployment rose significantly; others, on the contrary, worked at full capacity 24/7 and workers were forced to work overtime. FDI flows fell below the level of 2008-2009. The least FDI came to developed countries. Most FDI accounted for mergers and acquisitions in 2020, while investment in existing production assets suffered the most. This trend is expected to continue in 2021. According to the forecast, 2021 should mark the beginning of economic recovery, but it is unlikely to reach the level of 2019. The results of this study could be used in further research, also as in development, planning and implementation of state crisis strategies.

Pemilihan Warga Penerima Bantuan Program Keluarga Harapan (PKH) Menggunakan Metode Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) dan User Acceptance Testing (UAT)

PKH (Hope Family Program) is a government assistance program to help people experiencing poverty problems this program is an aid from the ministry of social affairs in order to reduce social inequality among poor groups. so it is hoped that in the long run it can break the relationship of poverty between generations. so that the next generation can come out of the abyss of poverty due to the increasing quality of human resources produced. The aspects used are health aspects, educational aspects and aspects of social welfare. The selection of citizens who are not objective recipients of the PKH Program makes it a problem. Many protested against the village's devices in determining which residents were entitled to assistance and sometimes acts of vandalism. so that in this study want to help village devices in selecting citizens who are entitled to receive assistance using the system. The methods used are Simple Additive Weighting (SAW), and User Acceptance Testing (UAT) is used to test the feasibility of the application. A sample of 10 residents who were recommended to receive PKH assistance obtained the results that Mr. Anwar who ranked first for assistance with a score of 80.5 And for the testing UAT earned an average value of 87%.

The Evolving Impacts of COVID-19 on Small Businesses Since the CARES Act

This note provides new evidence on how small business owners have been impacted by COVID-19, and how these effects have evolved since the passage of the CARES Act. As part of a broader and ongoing project, we collected survey data from more than 8,000 small business owners in the U.S. from March 28th, one day after the CARES Act was passed, through April 20th. The data include information on firm size, layoffs, beliefs about the future prospects of their businesses, as well as awareness of existing government relief programs. We provide three main findings. First, by the time the CARES Act was passed, surveyed small business owners were already severely impacted by COVID-19-related disruptions: 60% had already laid off at least one worker. Second, business owners’ expectations about the future are negative and have deteriorated throughout our study period, with 37% of respondents in the first week reporting that they did not expect to recover within 2 years, growing to 46% by the last week. Third, the smallest businesses had the least awareness of government assistance programs, the slowest growth in awareness after the passage of the CARES Act, and never caught up with larger businesses. The last finding indicates that small businesses may have missed out on initial Paycheck Protection Program funds because of low baseline awareness and differential access to information relative to larger firms.

The Effects of Export Companies’ Competencies and Government Assistance Programs on Export Performance: Focusing on the Effectiveness of Government Assistance Programs

The Effects of Export Companies’ Competencies and Government Assistance Programs on Export Performance: Focusing on the Effectiveness of Government Assistance Programs

Factors Influencing Women’s Perceptions of Shared Decision Making During Prenatal Care [13G

INTRODUCTION: Shared decision-making is central to providing patient-centered care and is associated with increased patient satisfaction, decreased healthcare costs and improved health outcomes. Women from different socio-economic, racial, and ethnic backgrounds may differ in their perceptions about the medical community and engagement in care. We sought to determine how patients perceived prenatal shared decision-making in an inner-city hospital serving a predominantly black population. METHODS: In an IRB-approved observational cross-sectional study at two different inner-city prenatal clinics, English-speaking women between 28 and 42 weeks’ gestation completed a survey assessing shared decision-making. Maternal demographics and preferences towards prenatal education resources were collected. Our primary outcome was a participant’s independence or dependence on a provider to make decisions about their care. Secondary outcomes included patient and provider perceptions of choices. Pearson Chi Square was used for analysis. RESULTS: Surveys were collected from 150 gravidas. Black women were more likely to be independent decision makers in their care in comparison to whites (25 [30.1%; of black women] vs 4 (8.9%; of white women [P=.015]). No other factors demonstrated significance. Seven participants (4.6%) had not considered they had choices in their care. All of these participants were enrolled in government assistance programs (P=.007). No differences were seen in the likelihood of providers discussing options for care with participants (P>.05 for all variables). CONCLUSION: Maternal race and socio-economic factors may significantly influence patients’ perceptions of shared decision-making. Results from this research will help guide the development of an educational tool to provide adaptive discussions to improve the quality of patient-centered care.

Strategi Bertahan Hidup Tukang Becak di Kecamatan Mamajang Kota Makassar

Pedicab drivers as one of the informal sector professions in the field of transportation services experience socio-economic problems, especially in meeting the needs of family life. This is due to their small and uncertain income in a day. To overcome these economic problems, they carry out various strategies to survive. This study aims to determine; Pedicab Driver Socio-Economic Conditions and Becak Driver Survival Strategies. Data was collected by observation, interviews, questionnaires and documentation. The population of this study was 175 pedicab drivers in Mamajang District with a sample of 44 pedicab drivers. The sampling technique used is the Non-Probability Accidental Sampling technique. The results showed that the adaptive strategy of pedicab drivers in an effort to meet their daily needs was saving family expenses which included; buy cheap groceries, find odd jobs and repair their own rickshaw breakdowns; the use of social networks such as borrowing money when experiencing difficulties, asking for a rickshaw rental fee to be reduced to pedicab owners, cheap rented houses, and the last one is taking advantage of government assistance programs such as BLT, distribution of free basic necessities and school scholarships.