Governance Structures Research Articles

The Importance of Corporate Culture, Governance Structure, and Laws and Regulations in the Fintech Ecosystem

With rapid technological development, technologies such as artificial intelligence, blockchain, cryptocurrency and mobile payment are constantly promoting changes in the traditional financial industry and deriving the emerging ecosystem of financial technology. This article mainly discusses how corporate culture, governance structure, laws and regulations in the financial technology ecosystem affect financial technology companies to maintain a certain competitiveness in the relevant ecosystem. Among them, a strong cultural atmosphere can help fintech companies stabilize their position in the system, and a stable governance structure can help fintech companies and enterprises avoid risks and make correct strategic decisions, thereby promoting the development of the entire fintech industry. Laws and regulations are mainly reflected in fintech companies' compliance with financial regulations in different regions, such as anti-money laundering, anti-terrorist financing, and the protection of customer data and privacy, thereby enhancing customers' trust in fintech companies. These three aspects jointly stabilize the position of financial technology companies in the financial technology ecosystem and promote the continuous development of the financial technology ecosystem.

The Contribution of Sustainable Tourism to Economic Development: A Bibliometric Approach

This study employs bibliometric analysis to investigate the expansive field of sustainable tourism, focusing on the thematic evolution, research trends, emerging opportunities, and author collaboration networks from 1990 to 2024. Through a comprehensive review of the literature using VOSviewer, we identified key thematic clusters such as economic impacts, governance structures, social dimensions, and innovative practices in sustainable tourism. The temporal analysis revealed a shift in focus towards innovation and stakeholder perceptions, underscoring the dynamic nature of this research area. Emerging opportunities in the field include integrating advanced technologies and exploring the impact of local policies on sustainable tourism practices. Furthermore, the analysis of author collaboration networks highlighted the importance of scholarly partnerships in advancing the discourse, with prominent researchers playing pivotal roles in bridging various aspects of the field. This study not only maps the existing landscape but also highlights potential pathways for future research, aiming to enhance the efficacy and scope of sustainable tourism.

THE TECHNOLOGY OF THE PROJECT APPROACH IN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AT THE LEVEL OF UNITED TERRITORIAL COMMUNITIES OF THE DECENTRALIZED SYSTEM OF TERRITORIAL ORGANIZATION OF POWER

The article is devoted to the issue of project management implementation by public management bodies of the decentralized system of territorial organization of power, in particular the functional features and advantages of implementing project management tools in the activities of united territorial communities of Ukraine. It is determined that the project approach to project management today is one of the most popular ways of management in the modern world. The relevance of the widespread introduction of project management methodology and project approach in the practice of public administration as a new culture of management and effective tools for good governance in a crisis, instability and uncertainty is substantiated, solving industrial, scientific and social problems. It was concluded that the use of project management methodology at the national level of the decentralized system of territorial organization of power is both strategic and tactical in nature. In strategic terms, the project approach makes it possible to focus the efforts of public authorities on solving urgent problems of long-term development of society in its key areas, reducing tensions in the socio-political sphere, by increasing the efficiency of public authorities to strengthen their legitimacy and resilience to internal and external threats establish a stable partnership dialogue with communities and civil society institutions. In terms of tactics, budget savings, reduction of implementation of state programs and national projects, some optimization of government structures and improved coordination of public authorities, cooperation and public-private partnerships with business entities.

CORPORATE GOVERNANCE DYNAMICS IN INDIAN ACADEMIA: CHALLENGES AND CASE STUDY EVALUATIONS

This paper delves into the complexities of corporate governance within Indian universities, shedding light on its implications for the academic and administrative landscape. It addresses key issues such as the absence of clear guidelines and regulations for governance structures, the lack of independence and autonomy of governing bodies, and the need for diversity and inclusivity in decision-making processes. accountability, and effectiveness within Indian educational institutions. It also discussed that corporate governance influences the leadership structure in Indian universities by promoting accountability, guiding decision-making processes, encouraging strategic planning, managing risks, facilitating stakeholder engagement, and fostering ethical leadership practices. Conclusion & Findings-The conclusion and findings of this paper highlight some of the key points like Challenges Identified in Indian universities, best practices advocated, the Importance of Ethical Principles, and call for improvement: Also, this paper highlights the critical role of corporate governance in shaping the effectiveness and credibility of Indian universities, emphasizing the importance of transparency, accountability, and inclusivity in governance practices to foster a culture of excellence and integrity within educational institutions. Through case studies and critical analysis, the paper underscores the significance of promoting ethical principles, academic integrity, and innovation to elevate the governance standards in Indian universities. KEYWORDS – Corporate Governance, Higher Education Governance Issue.

INVESTIGATING THE IMPACT OF AUDIT COMMITTEE ATTRIBUTES ON COMPANY PERFORMANCE: A MALAYSIAN FOCUS

Background and Purpose: This study aims to examine the relationship between selected audit committee attributes (gender diversity, size, meeting, independence, expertise) and company performance that are assessed as return on equity (ROE) and return on asset (ROA). As one of the primary corporate governance mechanisms facilitating corporate efficiency, audit committees positively impact company performance. Methodology: This quantitative cross-sectional study underpinned the agency theory through the target population: public listed companies under the Bursa Malaysia. Secondary data were gathered from the corporate annual report of 106 companies and Eikon database between 2018 and 2020 and subsequently analyzed with Pearson Correlation and Multiple Linear Regression using SPSS. Findings: Resultantly, a positive gender diversity-size correlation was identified with company performance as opposed to meeting, independence, and expertise. Furthermore, a significant gender diversity-size relationship was determined with company performance while no substantial counterparts between (i) meeting and independence and (ii) expertise and company performance were identified for the selected public listed companies. In this vein, audit committee attributes (gender diversity and size) could be utilized as a mechanism for high company performance. Contributions: The study outcomes offer useful insights into optimizing current corporate governance structures and regulations for relevant authorities. Keywords: Audit committee, corporate governance, company performance, Malaysia. Cite as: Gregory, V., Yusoff, H., Tapsir, R., & Fauzi, H. (2024). Investigating the impact of audit committee attributes on company performance: a Malaysian focus. Journal of Nusantara Studies, 9(2), 185-217. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jonus.vol9iss2pp185-217

WATER ARCHITECTURE IN MALAYSIA: A CASE STUDY IN PENANG, 1957-1985

This research is driven by a fundamental recognition of the pivotal role played by water infrastructure in shaping urban environments, particularly within post-colonial settings. Focusing on the transformative period from 1957 to 1985 in Penang, marked by significant governance and societal changes, our objective is to comprehensively analyse the development of post-colonial water architecture. By identifying key factors influencing the design, implementation, and outcomes of water infrastructure projects, we aim to shed light on both successes and challenges faced during this era. Our motivation lies in extracting valuable insights from historical experiences to guide contemporary policymaking and scholarly efforts, with a specific emphasis on enhancing functionality, efficiency, and sustainability. Employing a history methodology encompassing historical analysis, archival research, and case studies, this research aims to provide a nuanced understanding of post-colonial water architecture in Penang, contributing to the broader goal of fostering efficient, sustainable, and aesthetically pleasing water infrastructure for improved urban living. This study found that the evolution of water infrastructure during this period in Penang was not merely a response to increasing urbanisation, but was intricately linked to policy decisions, technological advancements, and societal dynamics. One significant discovery pertains to the impact of governance changes on the efficiency and effectiveness of water projects. The shift in governance structures influenced decision-making processes, project implementations, and overall outcomes in the realm of water architecture.

Ensuring compliance with regulatory and legal requirements through robust data governance structures

This review paper examines the critical role of robust data governance in ensuring compliance with regulatory and legal requirements in today's data-driven environment. Through an exploration of key concepts such as data governance definition, components, alignment with regulatory requirements, and essential elements of a robust framework, the paper highlights the significance of effective data governance practices in mitigating risks, maintaining data integrity, and facilitating regulatory compliance. Practical implications for organizations seeking to enhance their data governance structures and future research directions in the field are discussed.

Creating a health informatics data resource for hearing health research

BackgroundThe National Institute of Health and Social Care Research (NIHR) Health Informatics Collaborative (HIC) for Hearing Health has been established in the UK to curate routinely collected hearing health data to address research questions. This study defines priority research areas, outlines its aims, governance structure and demonstrates how hearing health data have been integrated into a common data model using pure tone audiometry (PTA) as a case study.MethodsAfter identifying key research aims in hearing health, the governance structure for the NIHR HIC for Hearing Health is described. The Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership (OMOP) was chosen as our common data model to provide a case study example.ResultsThe NIHR HIC Hearing Health theme have developed a data architecture outlying the flow of data from all of the various siloed electronic patient record systems to allow the effective linkage of data from electronic patient record systems to research systems. Using PTAs as an example, OMOPification of hearing health data successfully collated a rich breadth of datapoints across multiple centres.ConclusionThis study identified priority research areas where routinely collected hearing health data could be useful. It demonstrates integration and standardisation of such data into a common data model from multiple centres. By describing the process of data sharing across the HIC, we hope to invite more centres to contribute and utilise data to address research questions in hearing health. This national initiative has the power to transform UK hearing research and hearing care using routinely collected clinical data.

Corporate narrative reporting on Industry 4.0 technologies: do the COVID-19 pandemic and governance structure matter?

PurposeThis research examines the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and governance structure on corporate narrative reporting (CNR) concerning Industry 4.0 (I4.0) technologies in Jordanian commercial banks. The study aims to explore how these factors influence the extent and nature of disclosures in annual reports.Design/methodology/approachThe study uses a comprehensive manual content analysis method to investigate the annual reports from all 15 Jordanian commercial banks from 2010 to 2022. This approach allows for the detailed examination of I4.0 disclosures, using a specially developed index to measure various disclosure dimensions. An ordinary least squares model is used to assess the determinants of CNR on I4.0, considering factors such as the pandemic’s impact and various governance attributes.FindingsThe findings indicate that both the COVID-19 pandemic and specific governance factors (e.g. board size and audit committee size) significantly enhance the disclosure of I4.0 technologies. The study reveals that during the pandemic, banks significantly increased their level of detailed disclosures about I4.0 strategies, challenges and benefits, reflecting a strategic response to the pandemic’s disruption.Originality/valueThis study introduces a novel I4.0 Reporting Index for banks, measuring disclosures across strategy implementation, business model transformation, challenges and benefits. It adds to the existing literature by offering insights into narrative reporting practices concerning I4.0 technologies within the banking sector and illuminates the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on these practices.

Emperor Menelik’s Attempts of Decentralized Governance

Abstract Emperor Menelik’s expansion was by and large a reunification process. After the first expansion, Ethiopia was parcelized due to internal and external factors, which resulted Menelik’s reunification process. After the reunification process, Menelik’s governance structure followed a decentralized system. This article looks into the evidences whereby the policies and actions of the emperor attest this. In this regard, the imperial authority was exercised through the annual collection of tribute rather than by means of direct intervention in local administration. Emperor Menelik pursued a policy of peacemaking even with the objectors against him and letting them remain on power. Menelik’s policy of tolerance and reconciliation was also demonstrated in the North-east Shoa area. The Emperor also allowed provincial governors to form their own local authorities. As a result, the article concludes that the policies and actions of the emperor was tantamount to the devolution dimension of decentralization and therefore analogous to a federal system.

Procuring for Pandemics through Joint Procurement Association in the European Union: Lessons for the Southern African Development Community and the East African Community

ABSTRACT Procuring for the COVID-19 pandemic in Africa has been devastating. The virus resulted in an unprecedented surge in demand for medicines, medical equipment, and relevant technologies, making individual country orders for health supplies impossible and requiring creating the need for an interstate pooled strategy. This article examines the working of Joint Procurement Association (JPA), an interstate pooled sourcing strategy in the European Union (EU) and to draw lessons for regional blocs like the Southern African Development Community (SADC) and the East African Community (EAC). This article indicates that while the EU has implemented and enjoyed JPA, regional blocs like the SADC and EAC have not and could be missing on the benefits provided by JPAs. The article concludes that while JPAs have not been adopted in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), they possess the potential to improve access to medical drugs equipment and technologies in pandemic times. To implement JPAs, political will, legal and regulatory frameworks, and governance structures are required. The outcome of the article is important to SADC and EAC Secretariats since the understanding and implementation of JPAs can enable member states whose budgets are stressed to derive economies of scale.

Empowering nurses to champion Health equity & BE FAIR: Bias elimination for fair and responsible AI in healthcare.

The concept of health equity by design encompasses a multifaceted approach that integrates actions aimed at eliminating biased, unjust, and correctable differences among groups of people as a fundamental element in the design of algorithms. As algorithmic tools are increasingly integrated into clinical practice at multiple levels, nurses are uniquely positioned to address challenges posed by the historical marginalization of minority groups and its intersections with the use of "big data" in healthcare settings; however, a coherent framework is needed to ensure that nurses receive appropriate training in these domains and are equipped to act effectively. We introduce the Bias Elimination for Fair AI in Healthcare (BE FAIR) framework, a comprehensive strategic approach that incorporates principles of health equity by design, for nurses to employ when seeking to mitigate bias and prevent discriminatory practices arising from the use of clinical algorithms in healthcare. By using examples from a "real-world" AI governance framework, we aim to initiate a wider discourse on equipping nurses with the skills needed to champion the BE FAIR initiative. Drawing on principles recently articulated by the Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology, we conducted a critical examination of the concept of health equity by design. We also reviewed recent literature describing the risks of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies in healthcare as well as their potential for advancing health equity. Building on this context, we describe the BE FAIR framework, which has the potential to enable nurses to take a leadership role within health systems by implementing a governance structure to oversee the fairness and quality of clinical algorithms. We then examine leading frameworks for promoting health equity to inform the operationalization of BE FAIR within a local AI governance framework. The application of the BE FAIR framework within the context of a working governance system for clinical AI technologies demonstrates how nurses can leverage their expertise to support the development and deployment of clinical algorithms, mitigating risks such as bias and promoting ethical, high-quality care powered by big data and AI technologies. As health systems learn how well-intentioned clinical algorithms can potentially perpetuate health disparities, we have an opportunity and an obligation to do better. New efforts empowering nurses to advocate for BE FAIR, involving them in AI governance, data collection methods, and the evaluation of tools intended to reduce bias, mark important steps in achieving equitable healthcare for all.

Determinant Factors of Firm Value in Coal Mining Firms: Evidence from Indonesia

This research investigates how firm value in coal mining companies is influenced by profitability, leverage, and corporate governance between 2014 and 2020. Utilizing a quantitative approach with a descriptive methodology, the study analyzed secondary data from 21 coal companies, totaling 147 data points, sourced from the Indonesian Stock Exchange (BEI). Findings reveal that Debt-to-Equity Ratio (DER) and the presence of an Independent Board of Commissioners positively affect firm value. Conversely, managerial ownership and the Audit Committee's impact on firm value were negligible, due to limited managerial stakes and inadequate audit committees. Return On Assets (ROA) did not affect firm value, likely due to significant data variation and decreasing trends. The study suggests that a robust corporate governance structure ensures informed decision-making and minimizes strategic errors. Management should focus on enhancing operational efficiency to boost profitability.

Japanese Philosophy as the Result of History of the National Spiritual Tradition

This article explores the essence of Japanese philosophy, which has evolved through the convergence of various intellectual traditions, including Shintoism, Buddhism, Confucianism, and Taoism. These spiritual foundations have deeply influenced Japanese self-perceptions, societal relations, and governance structures. Employing a dialectical method combined with the principle of complementarity, this study examined the development of Japanese philosophy, particularly during the Meiji (1868-1912) and Taisho (1912-1925) periods, highlighting the integration of Western philosophical ideas. Key contributions from thinkers such as Nishida Kitaro, who sought to merge Western concepts with Eastern traditions, are discussed. This study also emphasizes the importance of traditional Japanese arts and bodily synthesis in shaping philosophical thought. The unique ability of Japanese philosophy to adapt and transform diverse intellectual traditions is a central theme, illustrating its capacity to generate new meanings and approaches. The continuous influence of medieval categories and modern developments showcases a holistic approach that integrates both old and new perspectives. This adaptability is crucial in addressing contemporary issues such as the interaction between information culture and historical spiritual traditions. The study concludes that the flexibility and integrative nature of Japanese philosophy, exemplified by figures such as Nishida Kitaro and Imamichi Tomonobu, remain vital for contemporary philosophical discourse.

The contribution of water-energy-food nexus governance to sustainability: A case study of Singapore

The water-energy-food (WEF) nexus has been promoted as an approach to integrated governance that can increase system sustainability. However, there have been limited empirical studies that demonstrate how WEF nexus governance leads towards sustainability. Therefore, the study investigates how collaborative governance of the WEF nexus connects to sustainability in Singapore, considered one of the most sustainable cities in the world. The objective is to understand the structure of WEF nexus governance in Singapore and explore how this structure contributes towards sustainability. This study uses a case study approach with qualitative text analysis on multiple data types to address this research objective. The results show two key findings. First, the findings show that WEF nexus governance in Singapore has a collaborative governance approach at the national level but is less integrated at lower levels of governance. Second, the results show that while governance integration, including WEF nexus connections, contributes to sustainability, there are also factors beyond WEF nexus governance that contribute towards sustainability in Singapore. The study concludes that WEF nexus governance provides an opportunity for improved sustainability within the system, but WEF nexus governance alone may not be sufficient for sustainability to be realized.

Identity, experience, and non-partisan: the institution of traditional chiefs and development in a rural local municipality in North West Province, South Africa

ABSTRACT This paper explores the place and role of chiefs and their institution in the governance and development of rural society in South Africa, using a case study of six tribal authorities in the Moses Kotane Local Municipality, North West Province. It examines whether chiefs have taken active development roles in their communities, and how they are perceived by society vis-à-vis community councillors. It argues that active roles and endorsement by the people are evidence of the significance of chiefs in the rural governance structures. In the studied tribal authorities, chiefs assumed central development roles, by initiating development projects, mobilizing stakeholders, and providing information to their people that ensured compliance with government COVID-19 regulations. While development and service delivery issues are the mandate of the community councillors and council, people saw the chiefs as best suited to spearhead development in their areas, because of their proximity to society and knowledge of their needs. The paper argues that the institution of the chiefs constitutes an accountable leadership that acts in the interests of all people, and chiefs should be incorporated in rural governance structures.

Local environmental organizations and long-term investor value appropriation

This study uses datasets representing local non-governmental organizations (NGOs) to examine how local environmental organizations enhance long-term investor value appropriation (LIVA). We explore how external and internal firm factors influence the impact of local activism. Our results indicate a positive effect of local activism on LIVA, particularly in contexts where local communities and firm governance structures prioritize long-term value. Furthermore, in examining the mechanisms through which local environmental organizations affect LIVA, we find that firms tend to increase their environmental disclosures in response to local activism. These findings support the social movement theory that social activities inspire firms' social and environmental activities and reporting practices, subsequently affecting LIVA.

The research on the impact of industry governance on trust after group product-harm crisis

The group product-harm crisis has much greater and longer negative impact, and its governance has become an important issue. To address this issue, this study proposed a new construct: industry governance. On the basis of clarifying the dimensions and measurements of industry governance, this study constructed a reflective–formative hierarchical model and collected data through a questionnaire. Utilizing convenience sampling, 329 valid samples at the University in Wuhan, China collected by survey were used to verify the hypotheses. With the help of Smart PLS 3.0, this study finds that the industry governance has a significant and positive impact on consumer's trust (enterprise trust, industry trust and government trust) after the group product-harm crisis. Industry governance plays an important role in the governance of group product-harm crisis. This study is the first time to explore the structure and measurement of industry governance, and verifies the impact of industry governance on group product-harm crisis, which enriches governance theory, and perfects product-harm crisis theory, providing a new direction and guidance for managers to better manage product-harm crisis.

Rural Environmental Governance: A Communal Irrigation System in Greece through the Social–Ecological System Framework

This article delves into the enduring self-governing nature of a traditional irrigation system in a rural community in Greece through the lens of the social–ecological system (SES) framework. The aim is to analyze the variables and interactions that have sustained this community-based governance structure over a century. This study underscores the critical role of social capital, where social networks and effective communication facilitate self-governance in the management of this common pool resource. The findings reveal how actors coordinate social and physical capital when performing daily activities, enabling them to collectively solve common dilemmas. By examining the institutional arrangements and operational dynamics of the irrigation system, the study illuminates the community-led social processes that drive its sustainability. This analysis enhances the understanding of the importance of integrating social and physical capital in governance through collective action to achieve resilience. This study provides insights into alternative pathways for building resilience and discusses an irrigation system as a communal autonomous space that prioritizes social equity, democratic decision-making, and social–ecological contacts.

Agile Readiness Assessment of IT Audit Function at Indonesia’s State-Owned Bank

Recently, there has been increased interest in using Agile methodologies in auditing to improve efficiency and adaptability. This study examines whether Bank XYZ in Indonesia is ready to adopt Agile for IT auditing, marking a first for the country's banks. The need for Agile is driven by a significant reduction in audit staff, increased demands from management, and higher fraud risks, all of which call for a more effective and responsive audit process. The research employed both surveys based on the CA Agile Framework and qualitative analysis. It found that Bank XYZ is moderately ready to adopt Agile, showing strengths in commitment to user research, organizational culture, and training support. However, challenges such as utilizing past Agile experiences and enhancing governance must be addressed. The study recommends a gradual adoption of Agile, focusing on building a supportive Agile culture, enhancing training for auditors, and improving governance structures. This step-by-step approach will help Bank XYZ effectively integrate Agile into its IT auditing practices to better meet management's expectations for more business-focused auditing.