Governance System Research Articles

Synergizing AI and business: Maximizing innovation, creativity, decision precision, and operational efficiency in high-tech enterprises

The study was conducted on 125 US based high-tech firms from software engineering, hardware production, biotechnology, and telecommunications. Senior-level executives, including CEOs, board members, and CTOs, provided insights through structured questionnaires. Key findings indicate that AI adoption significantly enhances organizational capabilities in terms of employees’ innovation, creativity, and experimentation. Moreover, AI adaptation positively impacts decision making thus yielding more accurate and timely valuable decisions. These findings contribute to both theoretical understanding and managerial practice by guiding strategic investments in AI technologies, fostering innovation, and advocating for ethical AI deployment practices. Future study should examine longitudinal impacts across industries and regions to optimize benefits and minimize risks in digital transformation efforts. It should also integrate qualitative methods for deeper insights and appropriate AI governance systems.

Methods and Strategies to Enhance Community Participation in Local Governance

With the deepening of the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity, local governance has also shown new characteristics. Among them, as an important unit of grassroots governance, the level of community participation directly affects the effectiveness of governance. This article explores strategies for enhancing community participation in local governance. Firstly, analyze the new characteristics of local governance, and then take R community as an example to point out the existing problems and solutions of participatory governance. This study provides useful references for improving community participation.

Melody of the Malady: Musicking Subaltern Counterpublics Space in J. B. Tuhure’s Selected Songs

When the Panchayat regime emerged as a new governmental system in Nepal, it brought various developmental projects to elevate the socio-economic condition of the people. However, when it was practically implemented, instead of betterment, the public confronted hardship in celebrating their liberty and autonomy. The society was stratified into different domains, constricting the space for the commoners and limiting their horizon of understanding. In this context, J.B. Tuhure’s song played an important role to narrate the precise story of the folks and make them aware of their position, blasting revolutionary thoughts inwardly in their consciousness. As the songs are suggestive in nature, they are, in fact, counter-voices against the regime and underlying structure of Nepali society, which had to be changed for the emancipation of the subalterns. In this relevance, this research paper explores Tuhure’s three specific songs: Basai Hidne ko Taanti Le, Aama Didi Baini Ho, and Chhora Haru Ho, focusing on how the musicality of these songs create subaltern counterpublics space to construct anti-dominant narrations of the Panchayat regime and how these songs pave the way for the recognition of the marginalized category of people in the stratified societies, where layers of domination persist. Taking Nancy Fraser’s concept of ‘Subaltern Counterpublics Space’ and Christopher Small’s notion of ‘Musicking’ as a theoretical perspective, the paper argues Tuhure’s songs are the spaces where a cluster of subaltern narratives simultaneously occur, challenging the regime and vocalizing the rights for the subordinated. It unravels that Tuhure’s songs are the musicking of subaltern counterpublics spaces, making the public participatory and performative.

A systemic analysis of participatory land and water governance in the Tsitsa River Catchment, South Africa

AbstractEffective governance of complex social‐ecological systems requires diverse stakeholders to be engaged in meaningful participatory processes. Meaningful participation must be intelligible and significant to local actors and coherent within a broader, multilevel governance system. This study explores the complexities of participatory land and water governance in South Africa's Tsitsa River Catchment. Embedded within a transdisciplinary landscape restoration project (the Tsitsa Project), this study combines a diagram‐based analysis of local actor mental models with a narrative‐based analysis of participant observation data. Challenges, opportunities, and general principles are identified. Limited accessibility, resource constraints, and the legacy of centralised governance impede participation. The research identifies the critical role of local actors, particularly those with deep community ties, in driving inclusive processes. Building trust through face‐to‐face interactions and culturally appropriate communication strategies also emerged as vital elements for success. This research can inform participatory projects and interventions in rural and developing world contexts.

The Saskatchewan Caregiver Experience Study: Support Priorities of Caregivers of Older Adults.

Population aging is a global phenomenon. Many older adults living with chronic conditions rely on family and friend caregivers. The growing demand for family and friend caregivers underscores the necessity for adequate and effective support services. The Saskatchewan Caregiver Experience Study sought to gather the perspectives of caregivers of older adults and set priorities for caregiver support. An online survey with open-ended questions was employed in this qualitative descriptive study. In this manuscript, we present our findings from the survey question: "What do you think is most important for support in your caregiving role? In other words, what are your top priorities for support?" This survey question received n = 352 responses, evenly distributed across Saskatchewan in urban-large (33%), urban-small/medium (32%), and rural (35%) settings. Support priorities of Saskatchewan caregivers were found to be access to help when they need it; an ear to listen and a shoulder to lean on; assistance in optimizing the care recipient's health; having healthcare professionals that care; and improved policies, legislations, and regulations. Services and interventions that assist caregivers are more likely to be accessed and utilized when caregivers are given the opportunity to identify their own support priorities. This study has the potential to inform health and governmental systems to support caregivers of older adults provincially within Saskatchewan, nationally in Canada, and in a global context.

A Comparison Essay in the Context of the Management Phenomenon: Ancient Sumerian, Egyptian and Greek Civilizations

Abstract. The evolution of management ideas has been shaped by advancements spanning from ancient times to the present. Nevertheless, it is widely acknowledged that remnants of historical methods and practices persist in contemporary management approaches. The foundation of numerous management phenomena and theories in the contemporary era has been attempted to be elucidated by drawing upon ideas and practices that may be traced back to previous epochs, including ancient times. This study utilized secondary data and employed a compilation strategy. The objective of the study is to conduct a comparative analysis of the comprehension of management and society in the Sumerian, Egyptian, and Greek civilizations, which hold significant importance in ancient history. An attempt has been made to ascertain how the concept of management was developed in these three civilizations, the reasons that influenced management, and to identify and compare the key characteristics of management in each culture. The study aims to elucidate the disparities in governance and social structure among the three civilizations. The collected data have led to the conclusion that the geography of a civilization's settlement and the cultural and religious values of its society play a crucial role in shaping the system of government.

Civil society and governance. A survey of local authority and NPO collaboration from an institutional perspective

ABSTRACT There is a renewed interest in third sector organizations with hope for contributions to systems of new public governance and welfare services. This study is based on a survey to the local authorities in Sweden and aims to analyze how collaboration between public and third sector organizations occurs at the local level. A special focus for the study is idea-driven public partnerships (IOPs). The results indicate that collaboration mainly occurs outside of the core fields of welfare and also that the national level agreements set standards to be used in especially the larger local authorities who are more in need of formalized policies to handle the local relations. The institutionalized collaborative relations are diverse and mainly meant to promote a thriving third sector for its democratic values, but there are also certain welfare fields with less local remit such as sports, leisure time activities, and homelessness where NPOs are not crowded out by the public sector. Collaboration with IOPs are more common in larger local authorities and places with a larger proportion of immigrants.

State Construction and the Impact of the Relocation of the Capital City in Soviet Kazakhstan at the Beginning of the 20th Century

The purpose of the work is to reveal the topic of state and state-building in Kazakhstan, aspects of its management system, description of the features of the phenomenon of the “migrating capital”, as well as the relationships between them. The paper presents a study of the phenomenon of capital relocation and its impact on society; reveals the features of the national and state construction of Kazakhstan at the beginning of the 20th century. The materials of the paper are of the practical and theoretical value for sociologists, political scientists, historians, and researchers of the influence of the capital city relocation on the development of the system of governance and power in the state, and people who are interested in the features and aspects of the development of Kazakhstan in the early 20th century, its political structure, which is an integral part of state-building.

Central environmental protection inspection, green technology innovation and carbon intensity of industrial enterprises – Empirical research based on multi-period differences-in-differences model

As a major institutional innovation of China's environmental governance system, weather the Central Environmental Protection Inspection (CEPI) can reduce carbon intensity is still unclear. This research takes 18,728 company-year sample observations of Chinese industrial A-share listed companies from 2009 to 2020 as the research object (CSMAR and CNRDS databases are used). Multi-period Differences-in-Differences model approach is employed to investigate the mechanisms through which the CEPI affects carbon intensity governance in industrial enterprises, the heterogeneous effects of CEPI are explored at macro, meso and micro levels. CEPI reduces the carbon dioxide emissions of industrial enterprises by 0.028 tons per 10,000 yuan of output value, CEPI achieves carbon intensity governance effect by incentivizing companies to enhance the quantity and the quality of green technological innovation. High level of public environmental oversight and industry competition, as well as nature of state-owned enterprises facilitate the CEPI's role in promoting the reduction of enterprise carbon intensity. The findings provide practical insights for driving green technological innovation among enterprises. Some policy implications are proposed. CEPI should be regulated to strengthen the environmental governance responsibilities of local governments and incentivize industrial enterprises to improve the quantity and quality of green technological innovation and reduce carbon intensity.

Dengue Fever: A Public Health Threat to Bangladesh

Dengue fever has become a significant health concern in Bangladesh, with a substantial number of reported cases in recent years. This mosquito-borne viral infection is caused by the dengue virus, transmitted by the Aedes mosquito. The effects of dengue fever can range from mild symptoms such as high fever, muscle and joint pains, to severe complications that can be life-threatening. This paper aims to provide an update on the current situation of dengue fever in Bangladesh, the measures taken by the government and healthcare systems, and the challenges faced in controlling the spread of this disease. In recent years, Bangladesh has experienced a surge in dengue fever cases, particularly during the monsoon season when mosquitoes thrive. According to the Directorate General of Health Services (DGHS), the number of dengue cases has been increasing rapidly, with thousands of reported cases each year. The densely populated urban areas of Dhaka, the capital city, are particularly affected, as inadequate waste management and sanitation contribute to the breeding grounds for mosquitoes. The impact of dengue fever extends beyond health, as it also poses a significant economic burden on affected individuals and the healthcare system. To combat the spread of dengue fever, the government of Bangladesh has taken several measures. These include implementing public awareness campaigns to educate the population about the importance of mosquito control, encouraging practices such as removing standing water and using mosquito repellents, and promoting early diagnosis and treatment. The government has also strengthened its vector control and surveillance programs, focusing on increased mosquito control measures and the early detection of cases. Additionally, efforts have been made to improve healthcare infrastructure and capacity to handle the growing number of dengue cases. However, despite these efforts, challenges remain in controlling the spread of dengue fever in Bangladesh. Factors such as limited resources, inadequate urban planning, and a lack of community participation continue to hinder progress. Furthermore, the emergence of new strains of the dengue virus and the potential for future outbreaks make it crucial to continuously monitor and adapt control strategies. Collaborative efforts between the government, healthcare systems, and the community are essential to effectively manage and prevent the spread of dengue fever in Bangladesh. Only through a comprehensive and sustained approach can the country hope to combat this public health threat effectively. CBMJ 2024 July: vol. 13 no. 02 P: 282-289

Decentralisation and Water Governance in Africa: A Zimbabwean Case Study

Decentralisation is widely seen as an effective method for empowering local communities in developing countries. This article discusses decentralisation within the context of water governance, using Zimbabwe as a case study. Its main argument is that although decentralisation is faced with challenges, it remains one of the most effective ways to govern water resources. At the core of decentralisation is the belief that citizens should have the opportunity to participate directly in governing resources in their communities. Within the African context, decentralisation becomes even more important considering the continent’s history of colonisation, where certain communities were marginalised and had little influence over the management of resources, such as water. The introduction of Integrated Water Resources Management aimed to address the inequalities inherited by post-colonial states. It advocated for a decentralised system of governance, and countries like South Africa and Zimbabwe incorporated it into their new water policies. In Zimbabwe, the 1998 Water Act aimed to address the inequalities caused by colonial rule. While the article argues for the importance of decentralisation in effective water governance, it also outlines the challenges faced in this process. For instance, it contends that in some countries, like Ghana, the government often interferes in the decentralisation process to assert its authority. In Zimbabwe, the main challenge arises from the ruling party, which perceives decentralisation, particularly devolution, as an obstacle to its control over the country.

The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Achieving the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals

The United Nations' 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development aims to tackle poverty, inequality, and environmental degradation and foster economic growth. This study investigates the transformative potential of artificial intelligence (AI) in achieving these Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Analyzing data from 44 sources, the research highlights AI's capacity to address critical challenges in healthcare, education, environmental management, economic growth, and gender equality. AI applications in renewable energy, waste management, disease detection, personalized education, and gender equality are examined. The study also emphasizes the ethical issues associated with AI, such as algorithmic bias, data privacy breaches, and job displacement. To fully leverage AI's potential, it is essential to develop intelligent automation governance systems, foster interdisciplinary research combining AI and sustainability, and promote public-private partnerships. Additionally, enhancing public AI literacy and implementing eco-friendly AI policies are crucial. The study advocates for a holistic ethical framework to maximize AI's benefits while mitigating risks, promoting cross-disciplinary collaboration, and establishing ethical AI standards. By doing so, AI can significantly contribute to a more inclusive, equitable, and sustainable future.

How do polycentric governance systems adapt? The role of forums explored in Dutch metropolitan areas

How do polycentric governance systems adapt? The role of forums explored in Dutch metropolitan areas

The Obscure Appellate: The Egyptian Islamic Supreme Court, 1898–1955

Abstract This article examines the Egyptian Islamic Supreme Court (al-Maḥkama al-ʿUlyā l-Sharʿiyya), thereafter the isc, and its role in overseeing Islamic judicial practice in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. The isc introduced new procedural requirements for dispensation of justice and assumed the responsibility to defend the jurisdiction of Islamic courts against persistent attempts by British colonial administrators and reform-minded political and bureaucratic elite to limit, if not undermine, their authority. The isc marked the recalibration of the legal and judicial authority of the Chief Judge of Egypt (qāḍī Miṣr, an Ottoman administrative judicial position) along with Shaykh al-Azhar and the Muftī of Egypt (who used to exercise oversight of Islamic courts’ decisions and procedures), in favor of this institutional apparatus. The creation of the isc demonstrates the centrality of the regulatory authority of the Ministry of Justice in fostering any potentiality for Islamic law as a system of governance. The continuous attempts to regulate Islamic courts since the 1880s cannot be examined in isolation from the procedural developments pursued in the secular National and Mixed Courts. The role of the isc was determinative of Islamic judicial practice in lower Islamic courts across Egypt. As a result, operations of Islamic courts were readjusted to a set of evolving norms concerning internal coherence, judicial reasoning, adoption of procedural rules to reflect directives from the Ministry of Justice, and attention to the updated rules of evidence and appeal. This process underscores how Islamic judicial practice was both transformed and made possible through an interwoven set of institutions, actors, and traditions. I argue that this institution, the isc, provides an ideal site for critical and interdisciplinary reflection aimed at exploring both the structural and the contextual history of law in colonial Egypt.

Estimation of the Impact of Government Spending on Industrial Sector Development: A Case Study of Iraq for the Period (1990-2020)

The research mainly attempted to find out the impact of the public expenditure on the development of the Iraqi industrial sectors according to the period (1990 to 2020), as well as several other control variables. The analysis of available data suggested that the indicators of industry sector and fiscal policy tools in Iraq underwent great changes not only because of economic and political instability experienced by the country throughout the study period but also the new-emerged situations that followed, like the cases of wars, economic sanctions, and changes in governance systems that contributed significantly in creating a halt in fiscal policy. Empirically, the study ascertained several outcomes from the analysis. In this case, the empirical test of the hypothesis showed that there was a negative correlation between current expenses and manufacturing output, significant at a level of confidence (10%). On the opposite side, the standard correlation between capital outlay and industrial output is of a positive sign (0,05). Moreover, a current expenditure with an industrial output would make a negative relationship and would become significant at the level of significance of 10%, whereas investment expenditure and industrial output making a positive relationship with a level of significance of 5%. As part of study, it recommended the re-organization of public expenditure structure, enhancing discipline of budget formulation. This, in turn, will support the development of budgetary programs for the economy, particularly, the industrial sector.

From Grievances to Growth

Abstract Past animosities and complex geopolitics make the Israel-Palestine conflict complex and require a multifaceted approach. As modernization theory fails to address such conflicts, we combine post-colonial theory, identity politics, critical geopolitics, with modernization theory to provide a more complete picture. A comprehensive strategy for building a strong and united Palestinian society is presented in this paper, which emphasizes democratic changes, military power rebalancing, international law, and economic independence. Education and technological progress drive societal growth, so strong governance systems are essential for political stability. We demonstrate how these methods work and what are their drawbacks by analyzing real-life examples of how social, economic, and political factors affect conflict. In the study, governments, civil society, and international organizations are a key focus for finding a long-term solution. This extensive research on conflict resolution and growth expands the conversation and offers lessons that can be applied to various conflict situations.

E-Governments in Africa

Multiple authors have come to view Africa as a victim of the fourth industrial revolution (4IR), a continent which has not been able to take part as one of the driving forces of this technological advancement. This is more so true when considering the state of the African continent during the first, second and third industrial revolutions where Africa's role had been of a more minimal nature. This assumption is however not true when considering how multiple countries in Africa have embraced and entrenched technology into the daily operations of their government institutions during the 4IR. Furthermore, it can be identified that the introduction of the 4IR has only led to an increase in the efficiency and effectiveness of African governments and their institutions in the act of service delivery. This illustrates that not only is the African continent ready for this revolution but that it has also been able to take advantage of it. This paper aims to illustrate the growing potential of digitalisation and e-government in African states. It will do this by providing an observation of the development that technology has fostered better service delivery using five African states as case studies, namely South Africa, Mauritius, Nigeria, Rwanda and Tunisia. It aims to analyse the transformations that have taken place from the periods of 2000 to 2022 whether they be an increase in the overall quality of the services provided, or a reduction in time required for the execution of those said services. The paper uses secondary sources as a mechanism to analyse the impact that the introduction of technology has had on government systems in the five African countries. The main focus will be on the ministries of home affairs, finance, education, transport and health and how the incorporation of technology into these departments and departments that are of similar interests in the other countries has assisted in the improvement of the effectiveness of service delivery of these departments.

The deformation of democracy in the United States: When does bureaucratic “neutral competence” rise to complicity?

AbstractRecent years have seen a step‐change in the severity and nature of threats to United States democracy, including extensive efforts by elected officials to undercut democratic governance. When elected officials undermine democracy, this constitutes “deformation of democracy.” As implementors and agents of policy, public administrators can sometimes play essential roles as bulwarks against democratic deformation. However, among public administrators there is historically a strong ethos emphasizing neutral competence and subordination to political authority, in some cases reinforced by law. How should public administrators respond when confronted by deformation and, at the same time, constrained by tradition and law? We selectively review strands of public administration theory, focusing on theory especially relevant to the United States governmental system, to construct and assess a catalog of responses that public administrators can take under democratic deformation. We conclude by offering a set of recommendations focused on institutionalized collective action by public administrators.

Malaysia Madani Policy Concept in Kelantan State

PAS’s ruling from 1990 until now has caused the existence of two different Islamic government systems with the Federal Government in this country's democratic system. Objectively is to look at the fate of indigenous people in Malaysia Madani in terms of poverty, cost of living, affordable housing, soft prosperity, and the future of the young generation in Kelantan. The methodology of this study is to evaluate, observe and analyze every situation through qualitative approach. The result will impact on understanding and reform that needs to be done in improving the socio-life of the people of Kelantan in today's Malaysia Madani.

Unpacking Polycentric Climate Governance: Tracing the Evolution of Transnational Municipal Networks over Time

Abstract All governance systems are polycentric to some extent in that they comprise multiple actors with varying degrees of autonomy. However, there has been limited theorization as to how we might measure polycentricity, even though this could help us unpack networks and understand governance arrangements better. We present three dimensions of governance to conceptualize degrees of polycentricity—governance of networks (internal organization and management at the network level), governance by networks (their impacts at the membership level), and governance with networks (collaboration with other actors at the system level). We then trace the evolution of three transnational municipal networks (the Climate Alliance, Covenant of Mayors, and 100 Resilient Cities/Resilient Cities Network), which are located at different positions along the polycentric–monocentric spectrum. We examine how these networks have become more or less polycentric over time and highlight trade-offs between different dimensions of polycentric governance, most notably governance of and governance by.