Tourism Governance Research Articles

Smart governance for heritage tourism destinations: Contextual factors and destination management organization perspectives

The sustainable development of tourism is a major concern for destination management organisations (DMOs) in heritage tourism. Smart tourism advocates claim that technologically-driven innovations can help DMOs to optimise tourism development by addressing issues such as carrying capacity, stakeholder management and community involvement. This study enhances the understanding of smart tourism governance (SG), showing how contextual factors affect DMO perspectives of SG. A mixed-methods approach was used to investigate heritage tourism destinations in the United Kingdom. The results demonstrate that well-established DMOs do not perceive SG as potentially beneficial, as they already perform well in many areas in which SG promises improvements, such as citizen engagement, decision-making, and stakeholder engagement. Despite this, this research highlights the aspects of SG that these destinations can take advantage of as social inclusion, environmental performance and the provision of citizen-centric services. All of these can help heritage tourism destinations to optimise their tourism development. This research additionally demonstrates the effect of contextual factors, such as the level of public-sector support for tourism and the growing influence of non-tourism stakeholders in destination management, on DMO perceptions of SG and makes recommendations for how developments in the use of SG by DMOs can be made, in light of these.

CLIMATE CHANGE RISKS AND TOURISM IN SOUTH AFRICA: PROJECTIONS AND POLICY

The challenge of climate change and tourism is an evolving international knowledge domain. South Africa is one of the most vulnerable countries with respect to projected climate change. For the national tourism economy climate change is a significant topic of concern. The objectives in this article are to present climate change projections and potential impacts for South Africa’s tourism economy and to critically analyse the policy landscape concerning national government’s response to climate change as a whole and more specifically in relation to the tourism sector. It is shown key tourism assets of South Africa are at risk from the advance of climate change. The analysis discloses that the South African government has supported international efforts and obligations to address the challenge of climate change, commitments which have influenced policy development regarding tourism. Nevertheless, policy development towards climate change and tourism has not progressed greatly over the past decade. Arguably, this is an outcome of the overwhelming concentration in recent government tourism policy in South Africa towards issues of inclusivity and transformation.

Sustainable Development Based Tourism Governance Development Policy

This study aims to describe tourism governance development policies in Karanganyar Regency and the concept of sustainable development-based tourism policy and governance. The research employed empirical juridical approach. Therefore, this research focused on primary data collected from the interview and observation. In addition, this research was also supported by secondary data collected from literature study. Finally, the data were analyzed qualitatively. The findings revealed that the tourism governance development policies in Karanganyar regency which stated in the laws and regulations are adequate. However, its implementation is not yet running well. Furthermore, the sustainable development-based tourism governance development policy is the state's responsibility. The state acts as the holder of natural resource power and strengthens the community rights as the holders of state sovereignty. In conclusion, the tourism governance development policies in Karanganyar Regency cover environmental-friendly tourism development. However, its implementation has not yet been realized by the government of the Karanganyar regency. Moreover, the concept of sustainable development-based tourism governance development policy is based on the following basic principles, the state’s responsibility as the holder of natural resource power and strengthens the community right as the holders of state sovereignty

Evaluation of sustainable ecotourism practices in Oke-Idanre Hills, Ondo-State, Nigeria

Sustainable tourism is contributing to environmental conservation and socio-economic well-being of local communities; however, there is a paucity of knowledge on the sustainability of Idanre Hills despite its huge ecotourism potentials. A mixed-methodological approach was employed in analysing surveyed data on tourist influx and household’s responses from neighbouring communities at the study site and the management staff of the Idanre Hills. Physical field observations were also conducted to assess tourist attractions and their location coordinates. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for the empirical analysis. Findings revealed a significant negative correlation between local entrepreneurial investments and economic gains in the host communities. Private investors have not benefited significantly from the economic payback of Idanre Hills as a major ecotourism site. Internally generated revenue to the state government in tourism mainly comes from toll fees and rents charged on local restaurants and bars which signify infinitesimal contribution to overall State’s finance. Local visitors were found to have outrun foreign visitors even when total influx rose by 70.8% between 2005 and 2016. There are also positive cultural and environmental impacts of ecotourism practise; therefore, social amenities and infrastructural facilities are necessary to boost the local economy and encourage private entrepreneurial investments in the ecotourism industry. These policy insights would serve as developmental pathways towards actualising the chore of enlisting Idanre Hills on UNESCO World Heritage List.

SOCIAL PARTICIPATION AND TOURISM PUBLIC POLICY: THE BRAZILIAN TOURISM REGIONALIZATION PROGRAM

Issues of governance, collaboration, and participation are at the forefront of much tourism public management on finding new alternatives to tourism destinations development. This paper aims to diagnose the performance of social participation in the Brazilian Tourism Regionalization Program from 2004 to 2020. This research has a qualitative approach with data collected through bibliographic and documentary research covering 2004 to 2020. The data collected were analyzed according to categories defined by the literature. We analyzed eleven Tourism Regionalization Program documents and 13 specific published articles on tourism governance instances in the Tourism Regionalization Program. As a result, we observe that social participation went from a fundamental issue in 2004 to a prerequisite for integrating a tourist region in 2020. And they are now suppressed by the targeting of protagonism for the private sector. The results of this research advance the theoretical discussions regarding social participation in Brazilian tourism's regionalization. The synthesis of the analyses and discussions promoted the need to rethink organizing tourism governance in the Brazilian case to meet the demand for social participation and the regional development of tourism.

Constraints and Drivers of Community Participation and Empowerment in Tourism Planning and Development in Nigeria

It has been argued in the contemporary academic discourse on tourism planning that community participation in the planning process creates a mechanism to mitigate negative impacts and to satisfy at least some of the needs of the community. In this context, this article analyzes the underlying factors that constrain community participation and empowerment in decision-making in South West Nigeria. It also seeks to identify factors that can drive such processes in tourism development. The research adopts a qualitative approach to gather data from stakeholders in the Nigerian tourism sector. Findings from the research show that three factors constrained local community participation and empowerment. These factors are mainly intangible and relate to the political culture in Nigeria. They include community awareness and education, issues of trust, transparency, and accountability, hence making the community members feel a sense of alienation from the process. It is thus recommended that the Local Government Tourism Committees should be given the capacity to function in order to aid participation and empowerment at the local community level.

A Tourism Potential Index for Cultural Heritage Management through the Ecosystem Services Approach

Tourism as a tool for the enhancement and conservation of heritage represents an opportunity for many managers of cultural properties. However, despite the numerous works developed so far on tourism governance, the elaboration of preliminary studies for decision-making in heritage buildings is still a challenge. Considering the ecosystem services approach, an index is proposed which allows tourism and cultural heritage managers to analyze and quantify the level of tourist exploitation (use) of a monument for the services (benefits) that it offers to society. In this paper, a multi-criteria evaluation system was proposed, related to the main use of the building and its relationship with various tourism components, which have been classified as cultural, leisure, recreational, lodging, catering, intermediation, transportation, and event organization. The model has been applied to the Parroquia del Mar (Alicante, Spain) of great cultural relevance, but not exploited for tourism. The results obtained demonstrate the usefulness and validity of the model, considered as a tool capable of bridging the gap between heritage conservation and its touristic use, highlighting the importance of the services offered as necessary attributes for its (re)valuation, combining the social benefits of its exploitation, its touristic use and the awareness of its conservation and protection.

Promoting Tourism Investment in Emerging Destinations: Exploring Challenges and Opportunities: Evidences from Amhara Region, Ethiopia

The current study examined challenges and opportunities of tourism investment through the lenses of Porter’s five forces industry analysis. This study pursued an exploratory research design with qualitative approach. Academicians, travel agents, tour operators, hotel business owners and government tourism bureau experts were the main participants of the study. Findings of the current study unveil that inadequate infrastructure and mischief land use policy demise the growth of tourism investment in the study area. However, import duty-free policy for tourism investment and availability of copious tourism resources coupled with support from credit providing institutions embolden tourism investments in Amhara region. Keywords : Amhara Region, Challenges, Emerging destinations, opportunities, Tourism investment. DOI: 10.7176/JTHS/57-01 Publication date: June 30 th 2021

코로나19 前 오버투어리즘 현상과 대응 정책에 관한 고찰 연구 : 문헌탐구방법론을 중심으로

Before the COVID-19 pandemic, many tourist destinations were suffered from overtourism problems. After COVID-19, the phenomenon of overtourism might reappear in many tourist destinations. The purpose of this study is to present insight overtourism research of the world, and to present policy directions for solving domestic problems through the results of the research. This study considered prior research on overtourism through systematic literature review methodology. This study analyzed 166 overtourism literature of Web of Science database. Data analysis and interpretation were conducted using Excel and VOSviewer programs based on the bibliographic data of the literature. Overtourism in prior studies can be divided into overtourism crisis, overtourism phenomenon, and overtourism response policy. In cities such as Venice, the congestion of tourists and the sharing economy went into the realm of residents' lives, and it affected the negative perceptions of residents such as aversion. The quality of life of residents has deteriorated, such as congestion and gentrification. To alleviate the phenomenon of overtourism, it is important to establish governance for sustainable tourism along with a tourism development plan that takes into account the capacity of tourist destinations. This paper contributes to the literature by providing an exploratory study with which to better understand overtourism. It is suggested possible mitigation measures that might be taken by policymakers.

관광 젠트리피케이션 대응 정책 수립을 위한 로컬 관광거버넌스 구축 방안에 관한 연구 : AHP 기법의 적용

The purpose of this study is to draw the factors of local tourism governance to cope with gentrification in tourism and evaluate each factor’s order of priority. To address the goal, this study applied the AHP(Analytic Hierarchy Process) method. First of all, this researcher set up the hierarchical model and selected a group of 15 persons who were well-aware of the formation of local tourism governance as an expert panel for the survey of AHP-based pairwise comparison. For AHP analysis, web-based analysis software, ‘Make It’, was utilized. The hierarchical structure of AHP was set up as 5 main items (the security and transparency of participation, the establishment of institutional grounds and support, cooperation and trust, expertise and responsibility, & locality) and 21 detailed items. According to the findings, among the five upper factors, the most important factor in building up local tourism governance was found to be the establishment of institutional grounds and support, and the next were found to be cooperation/trust, the security/transparency of participation, expertise/responsibility, and locality in order.

Kebijakan Kepariwisataan di Provinsi Aceh: Peluang dan Tantangan

Tourism is a public sector that should be managed seriously to improve the livelihoods of many people. The potential of Aceh's tourism must be encouraged by quality public policies so that all of its potential will be maximized. In fact, there are still many weaknesses in public policies in the tourism sector that have rendered Aceh's tourism potential in vain. This study aims to describe Aceh's public policy in the tourism sector in terms of opportunities and challenges. The research approach used is a qualitative analysis through a literature review that relies on secondary data, namely by collecting and mapping data from government documents in the form of tourism plans, tourism regulations, work reports on tourism and similar studies on tourism policies. The results of the study show that the Aceh Government has seen great opportunities in the tourism sector, especially from halal tourism, but what remains a challenge until now is that the Government of Aceh has not resolved problems related to tourism governance, tourism destination development and tourism branding.

Exploring the nexus between sustainable tourism governance, resilience and complexity research

ABSTRACT Governance and complexity have increasingly become subjects of interest within research on sustainable tourism. Governance has been marked by a turn to more corporatist and networked policymaking structures. At the same time, the use of the concept of complexity in research on tourism destinations and governance is gaining momentum in an effort to address the links in increasingly networked systems as well as the interrelatedness of the multiple features of a tourist destination. Meanwhile, resilience has emerged as a new buzzword in research on sustainable development and governance which denotes the ability of a destination to cope with and adapt to change. This article reviews the literature on destination governance to identify critical issues and trends, and discusses the relevance of complexity approaches. Evolutionary studies and research on resilience in a sustainability context are becoming part of this discussion. The review sheds light on the limitations and merits of each of these concepts, as well as on their nexus. The article concludes with some key areas for future research on destination governance. The aim of the review is to contribute to conceptual clarity and to advance the application of complexity approaches in research on destination governance.

Tourism and Sustainability in India – Exploring Sustainability of Goa Tourism from the Perspective of Local Community

This research paper empirically examines the economic, environmental, and social sustainability of Goa tourism from the perspective of the local community. A structured questionnaire survey was conducted among the local community across Goa, the model tourist destination of India. This research has used descriptive statistics for examining the environmental, economic, and social sustainability of tourist destinations of Goa. The factor analysis has been used for identifying the factors that determine the sustainability of Goa tourism from the perspective of the local community. The research findings prove that tourism development is ensuring the environmental and economic sustainability of tourist destinations of Goa. However, the findings on social sustainability indicators prove that tourism is exerting huge pressure on Goa’s society. The factor analysis discloses that the factors such as resource exploitation, resource management, socio-economic empowerment, economic and governance systems, destination empowerment, poverty eradication, and tourism governance, influence the sustainability of tourism in Goa.

Internal Condition Analysis on Tourism Development of Bintan Regency 2019

The dynamics of tourism as an economic driver will greatly affect the environment in tourism development in Bintan Regency. One of the influencing environment is the internal condition in tourism management which is the reason for the need to map the problem. This paper focuses on environmental studies of the community, private sector, local government in the internal tourism of Bintan Regency in 2019. The research uses a literature study using secondary data which is analyzed in depth. The results showed that the internal analysis of tourism which includes 3 main components of tourism development, namely sustainable improvement of the tourism industry, improving institutional quality both in vertical agencies and the role of local communities which is very important in developing tourism in Bintan Regency. With the existence of three main components in the analysis of the internal environment for tourism in Bintan Regency, it is hoped that it can have a positive impact in a sustainable manner.

Port Governance and Cruise Tourism

Cruise activities, until 2020, have presented a significant increase in revenue, as well as number of cruises and passengers transported, and it has become a challenge for ports to respond to this demand for services. In response to this, the world’s ports have implemented different governance models. In this context, in this paper, we aim to review the different governance models, as well as port cooperation, competition, and stakeholders. For this purpose, using science metric meta-analysis, an article set is extracted that strictly refers to the governance model of two databases integrated into the Core Collection Web of Science, whose selection process is polished with the PRISMA guidelines, establishing the eligibility criteria of studies using PICOS tool, to which a qualitative meta-analysis is applied. A limited studies set is identified, that includes governance model implementations, private strategies and internalization patterns in the port sector and cruise ships, patterns of port cooperation and governance, governance models in cruise ports, structures and strategies, and changes in the cruise market. Finally, various governance model forms are determined, all documented in the scientific research worldwide, discussing the various components of study topics.

Collaborative Governance dalam Tata Kelola Pariwisata-Desa (Studi Pariwisata-Desa “Bumiaji Agrotourism” di Kota Wisata Batu)

The objective of this research is examines the role of collaborative governance in rural tourism development, especially in the tourist area of "Bumiaji Agrotourism" in Tourist City of Batu. The rapid development of tourism in Batu is still dominated by the artificial tourism destinations, often the highlight in relation to the equitable distribution of welfare and sustainability of tourist development. Until today, the efforts of local governments and communities by presenting a variety of new icon types of community-based tourism destinations in Batu City do not provide assurance that tourism will remain exsist and suistain due to resource limitations in each actor. In accordance with Good Tourism Governance (GTG), tourism management efforts can no longer be charged only to one of the actors. Collaborative governance approach can be used as an alternative solution, especially in rural tourism development in Tourist City of Batu to strengthen the character of tourist destinations as well as tourism network buildings.

Evaluating the performance of government tourism facilities using ABC and EVA techniques / Case Study

Evaluating the performance of government tourism facilities using ABC and EVA techniques / Case Study

Community Involvement and Sustainable Cave Tourism Development in Tulungagung Region

The model was focusing on the community involvement of tourism activities based on rural collaborative-construction with the different ways to utilize at Tenggar Cave, Tenggarrejo Village, Tulungagung region in order to ensure the sustainability ofheritage tourism development in that area. A qualitative approach through participating observation, indepth interviews, study of document and focus group discussions were obtained to reliability and validity data. Interviews were conducted to informants of the development planning agency at sub-national level, tourism government regency, Indonesian State Forest Company, the members of the local tourism community, local entrepreneur, tourist, archeology and researcher. The results indicated that local communities and other stakeholders have participated in management, conservation, tourism development of the site, solved social problems and benefit in that area such as poverty, lack of job opportunity, and corncob waste. This research suggested that collaboration model which was developed within the tourism planning must implement principles of sustainable and involve full role of the local community. Community Based Heritage Management (CBHTM) is an ideal model in the development of tourism in the Tenggar Cave area.

Tourism Governance in the aftermath of COVID-19: A Case Study of Nepal

The global pandemic of COVID 19 has had a severe effect in various developing economies, including Nepal itself, as it has seriously engulfed the strongest economies of the world. The tourism industry globally has been paralyzed, and it will take long ahead to get the industry back on track. There are challenges to revive this industry and ensure its tremendous contribution to revitalizing the ailed tourism sector. To drive this situation more efficiently and tactfully, the need for good governance through its leading agencies seem to be much demanding and prevailing. Visit Nepal 2020 has been postponed by the Nepal government due to the potential risk of an outbreak of COVID -19 and almost all the government efforts have now been centralized to combat the threat of COVID-19. Both domestic and international tourism is in its complete halt, creating a massive shortfall on revenue generation in the national economy. To combat the spread of COVID-19 into the community level and thus checking the further loss of lives and property, series of lockdown at the national level were imposed restraining the public mobility, factories, and industries are closed for indefinitely leaving the tourism activities completely at coma. As the tourism industry globally has come to a halt now, stopping all the tourism-based activities resulting cut off of a heavy chunk of revenue, it’s a high time to think over the noble strategies on what might be the forms and modality of governance in tourism sector globally.

Gondang Sabangunan sebagai Pengiring Sigale-Gale untuk Menarik Wisatawan di Museum Huta Bolon Kecamatan Simanindo

This study aims to determine the Gondang Sabangunan performance in accompanying Sigale-gale at the Huta Bolon Museum for packaging tourism performances, impact and government support. The method in this study uses a qualitative descriptive method. The speakers in this study were employees of the Huta Bolon Simanindo Museum, 5 music players, 10 dancers, Simanindo community leaders, and tourists. The data was collected by means of observation, interviews, documentation and literature study. The results showed that the development of cultural tourism through the Gondang Sabangunan performance that accompanied Sigale-gale which is a cultural attraction to attract tourists at the Huta Bolon Simanindo Museum. The tortordi performance of the Huta Bolon Simanindo Museum was held on an open stage in the old village of Huta Bolon. Performances are not sacred but still follow the customary rules of the nigondang such as the number of types of gondang, the rules for requesting the type of gondang, the rules for movement in tortor, clothes and equipment. Another packaging of the show form is the short and dense duration, full of variations, an imitation of the original form. Tourists can enjoy the potential of Batak Toba culture, such as music, dances, historical objects, and the nuances of the Toba Batak village.