Port Governance and Cruise Tourism

Lorena Araya-Silva,Guido Salazar-Sepúlveda,Alejandro Vega-Muñoz,Nicolás Contreras-Barraza

doi:10.3390/su13094877

Abstract

Cruise activities, until 2020, have presented a significant increase in revenue, as well as number of cruises and passengers transported, and it has become a challenge for ports to respond to this demand for services. In response to this, the world’s ports have implemented different governance models. In this context, in this paper, we aim to review the different governance models, as well as port cooperation, competition, and stakeholders. For this purpose, using science metric meta-analysis, an article set is extracted that strictly refers to the governance model of two databases integrated into the Core Collection Web of Science, whose selection process is polished with the PRISMA guidelines, establishing the eligibility criteria of studies using PICOS tool, to which a qualitative meta-analysis is applied. A limited studies set is identified, that includes governance model implementations, private strategies and internalization patterns in the port sector and cruise ships, patterns of port cooperation and governance, governance models in cruise ports, structures and strategies, and changes in the cruise market. Finally, various governance model forms are determined, all documented in the scientific research worldwide, discussing the various components of study topics.

Highlights

IntroductionThe rapid growth of the cruise industry and its effects on all the services involved in its itineraries, port development, and related services represent an opportunity to contribute to the economic development of the places and countries visited, and to highlight its effects on sustainable environmental and social development [7,8]
The information was summarized in a sequential time-ordered table of port governance models incorporating cruise traffic on the basis of empirical categorizations, the description of cases of governance models, and the identification of models based on the results presented by the authors, if they did not expressly refer to a specific governance model
From historical institutionalist logic [99], the activities of a port authority are important to international port competitiveness, and it is relevant that proper governance promotes coordination, cooperation, and inter-port competition [32]

Summary

Introduction

The rapid growth of the cruise industry and its effects on all the services involved in its itineraries, port development, and related services represent an opportunity to contribute to the economic development of the places and countries visited, and to highlight its effects on sustainable environmental and social development [7,8]. The challenges in port governance have focused on the effects on the surrounding territorial economy based on logistic services and integration with other modes of transport, an increase in public-private participation in ports, and an increase in the added value of services through port and port terminal performance assessment systems [14,15,16,17] The findings of these assessments confirm that decisions depending on the trajectory of local/national systems, generate asymmetry of implementation when different countries seek generic governance solutions. In the Brazilian port sector, its functions were reformulated to the National Council for the Integration of Transport Policy with decentralization of national port planning [24]

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