Governance Of Crime Research Articles

INVOLVING LAY PEOPLE IN CRIMINAL JUSTICE

Criminology & Public PolicyVolume 3, Issue 4 p. 693-702 INVOLVING LAY PEOPLE IN CRIMINAL JUSTICE ADAM CRAWFORD, ADAM CRAWFORD Adam Crawford is Professor of Criminology and Criminal Justice at the Centre for Criminal Justice Studies, University of Leeds, U.K. His most recent books include The Local Governance of Crime; Crime Prevention and Community Safety; Integrating a Victim Perspective within Criminal Justice; Crime and Insecurity: The Governance of Safety in Europe; and Youth Offending and Restorative Justice (with Tim Newburn). He has published extensively in a variety of peer-reviewed journals on matters of youth justice, criminal justice policy, policing, community safety, and restorative justice. He has worked for the New Zealand Ministry of Justice, the French Ministry of the Interior, the Northern Ireland Office, and the Home Office on matters of community safety and restorative justice. He is currently writing a book on shifting relations between public and private policing for Oxford University Press with his colleague Stuart Lister. He has recently been awarded a Leverhulme Trust Major Research Fellowship to conduct research into the contractual governance of deviant behavior which will be published as a book by Cambridge University Press.Search for more papers by this author ADAM CRAWFORD, ADAM CRAWFORD Adam Crawford is Professor of Criminology and Criminal Justice at the Centre for Criminal Justice Studies, University of Leeds, U.K. His most recent books include The Local Governance of Crime; Crime Prevention and Community Safety; Integrating a Victim Perspective within Criminal Justice; Crime and Insecurity: The Governance of Safety in Europe; and Youth Offending and Restorative Justice (with Tim Newburn). He has published extensively in a variety of peer-reviewed journals on matters of youth justice, criminal justice policy, policing, community safety, and restorative justice. He has worked for the New Zealand Ministry of Justice, the French Ministry of the Interior, the Northern Ireland Office, and the Home Office on matters of community safety and restorative justice. He is currently writing a book on shifting relations between public and private policing for Oxford University Press with his colleague Stuart Lister. He has recently been awarded a Leverhulme Trust Major Research Fellowship to conduct research into the contractual governance of deviant behavior which will be published as a book by Cambridge University Press.Search for more papers by this author First published: 07 March 2006 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-9133.2004.tb00073.xCitations: 12AboutPDF ToolsExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume3, Issue4November 2004Pages 693-702 RelatedInformation

Targeting Hotspots of Alcohol-related Town Centre Violence: A Nottinghamshire Case Study

The rapid expansion of the night-time economy in many towns and cities across the UK in recent years has led to increased concern over the potential of this sector to generate alcohol-related disorder and violence. While a growing number of studies have considered why this sector has the potential to generate violence, there has been little systematic evaluation of the impact of measures implemented to prevent and reduce such incidents. As part of the government's Crime Reduction Programme2, a number of Targeted Policing Initiatives implemented strategies that aimed to reduce such violence within localised settings.3 This paper presents a case study of one such project, in which a number of intervations were implemented to reduce alchol-related violence accross a police force are in the miklands of the United Kingdom, though the focus of this paper is on two strategies designed to prevent and reduce violence at known hotspot locations.4 The first strategy aimed to improve communication between bar managers and the police in licensed premises. The second was based around deploying high-visibility policing units in identified ‘hotspot’ areas. Using the ‘SARA’ analytical framework, the paper outlines how these strategies were implemented and their main outcomes, though specific attention is drawn to the problems encountered with implementation and evaluation. The case study not only provides an insight into the difficulties of implementing and evaluating such crime reduction initiatives, it also highlights a number of generic problems that are likely to be encountered by any similar projects in the future.

Communities, Crime Prevention and the Politics of Articulation: A Reply to Kit Carson

This article is a rejoinder to Kit Carson's seminal two-part essay, Is communalism dead? Reflections on the present and future practice of crime prevention. It aims to foster further debate on “the communal” in the field of crime prevention specifically, and in criminology more generally. In the first part of the article, an argument is made for a progressive discourse on communities built around the theory and practice of radical communitarianism. In the second part of the article, a debate is opened up on the continuing salience of appeals to communities in the contemporary governance of crime, disorder and safety. In particular, two questions — or provocations — are briefly explored in terms of “the instabilities of community governance” and what we may term the problem of “the stranger in community safety”. Finally, the article argues for the rethinking of the relationship of the communal and the critical criminological imaginary.

‘Mission Impossible’?

It is difficult to ignore the growing salience of the new governance of crime and disorder in many late modern societies. To date there has been limited empirical exploration of the practices and experiences of these new local actors and institutions. This article aims to correct this neglect in the criminological literature by its exploration of the knowledge and skills base and habitus of one of the new partnership experts, the community safety manager (CSM). In particular, the article involves an engagement with recent research findings from Britain together with the more abstract conceptual tools opened up by current debates in critical social and political theory. It begins with a brief history of the community safety occupation during which the key features of the ‘profession’ are explored. Next, the thesis of a hegemonic risk management governmental logic in the field of community safety is critically examined. By exploring specific sites and contexts of community safety ‘work’, doubt is cast on totalizing narratives of neo-liberal transformation currently popular in criminology and sociology. Finally, the possible futures of community safety and crime and disorder reduction when viewed from the contemporary experiences of CSMs are considered.

Too much security?

Major changes in the governance of crime are occurring within, on the margins, and outside the public sphere. Exemplified by the development of risk assessment, crime prevention, community safety, insurance, and private security, these changes call into question traditional modes of crime control and challenge existing criminal justice values. This article asks what exactly is on offer when security stands as the justification for public and private action, to whom, and at what cost. It goes on to identify several significant paradoxes entailed in the pursuit of security, whose attendant costs need to be taken into account. Yet, whereas punishment provokes us to ask why, how, and in what measure the state may inflict pain upon its citizens, security has not been thought to require special justification because in many ways it seems preferable to punishment. The paper contends both that security is in need of special justification and that it is necessary to develop guiding principles in order to regulate its pursuit. This leads to the larger question of whether and in what manner it is possible to regulate the ‘security society’ so as to ensure accountable, fair, and inclusive provision of protection.

The community safety ‘profession’: Towards a new expertise in the governance of crime, disorder and safety in the UK?

The role of the community safety practitioner is a newly emerging expertise in local government. A survey conducted with local authorities reveals a relatively fluid and unstructured profession of highly educated or experienced individuals with heavy workloads. Practitioners inhabit a contested policy terrain in which they express a preference for a social regeneration agenda rather than narrower crime specific strategies.

Designing-out Crime: Raising Awareness of Crime Reduction in the Design Industry

Crime and crime reduction are issues which currently receive little attention from the design profession. However, informed design can be used effectively as a tool for reducing crime associated with environments, products and systems, through designing-in crime reduction during the initial stages of the design development process. This paper describes research carried out as part of the UK government's Crime Reduction Programme, and aimed at raising designers' awareness of crime. It explores how crime reduction can be embedded within design methodologies and procedures, provides some exemplars of practice in three design disciplines, and suggests how design stakeholders can be motivated to 'design against crime' more effectively.

Crime, Social Exclusion and Policing in the Twenty-First Century

This article considers the policy implications of an excluded underclass for policing in the twenty-first century. It examines debates about urban poverty and policing in the context of the British New Labour government's Crime and Disorder Act and of the work of the Social Exclusion Unit. The current government is emphasising the importance of ‘joined-up’ approaches to address poverty, social exclusion, crime and disorder. Consequently, the police are required to work with various other agencies to address these problems. However, it is unlikely that the police will be able to resolve them, for three reasons. First, the resources dedicated to achieving the work are finite. Second, under the influence of managerialism the police are required to demonstrate that they are performing their tasks effectively, economically and efficiently. Finally, this has resulted in a fundamental reorientation of the role of the police, particularly the prioritisation of crimefighting above peacekeeping, which may antagonise poor communities and accentuate the problems of poverty, crime and disorder.

Imposing order: Child safety orders and local child curfew schemes

This article considers both Child Safety Orders and Local Child Curfew Schemes, as provided for by sections 11-15 of the Labour Government's Crime and Disorder Act. A number of objections have been raised regarding these two measures. Following a brief look at the measures themselves and at the aims behind their creation, I analyse the substance and merit of the various concerns that have been raised with regard to both measures. I conclude that many extremely important issues, both ethical and practical, have not been addressed satisfactorily.

The Local Governance of Crime: Appeals to Community and Partnerships

The Local Governance of Crime: Appeals to Community and Partnerships

Book Reviews : ADAM CRAWFORD, The Local Governance of Crime: Appeals to Community and Partnerships. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1997, x + 368 pp., £35.00

Book Reviews : ADAM CRAWFORD, The Local Governance of Crime: Appeals to Community and Partnerships. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1997, x + 368 pp., £35.00

Assessing the effectiveness and economic benefits of an integrated developmental and situational crime prevention programme

Accumulated research over the last decade has shown that preventive strategies which address the ‘root causes’ or scientifically identified risk factors for delinquency or later offending (developmental prevention) or which reduce opportunities for crime (situational prevention) hold much promise in reducing crime. The economic benefits of these strategies have also been shown to be substantial. In most industrialised countries, particularly England and Wales, situational prevention dominates governmental crime prevention policy and local practice; little attention is paid to developmental prevention. This paper assesses the feasibility, crime reduction potential, and economic efficiency of integrating developmental and situational crime prevention strategies. A review of the theoretical research on the integration of these two strategies suggests that integration is feasible. Using previously identified studies which had produced high positive benefit to cost ratios (the Perry and Kirkholt studies), preliminary conclusions are drawn about the effectiveness and economic benefits of an integrated developmental and situational crime prevention programme. Each method appears to complement the other in the time frame of impact on crime; an integrated programme appears to yield a greater level of economic efficiency than the individual strategies; and an integrated programme may produce important benefits for other sectors of society (e.g., health and education).

Warnings to women. Police advice and women's safety in Britain.

This article examines police and other governmental crime prevention literature advising women about personal safety. Through a radical feminist perspective, my personal narrative includes a historical context for developments in Britain that give rise to a social and political climate within which individual responsibility for avoiding violence is paramount. The purpose of this article is to raise theoretical questions about the effect of this context on us as women. As a feminist, I also argue for the usefulness of a radical feminist perspective to inform our thinking about avoiding men's violence and ensuring women's safety.

Crime in Slovenia

According to official statistical data, cr ime appears to be increasing in Slovene 'post-socialist ' society. There has been a cont inuous rise in the number of cr imes known to the police over the last five years. In addition, these figures indicate that in Slovenia, during the per iod in question, cr ime is to a large extent dominated by proper ty offences. In 1993, for instance, 80 percent of the police-recorded conventional crime (not including business and governmental crime) were crimes against property. Crimes of violence, especially the most serious ones which usually attract the a t tent ion of the media and provoke the concern of the general public (grassroots), form a very small part of all crimes. By and large, as the police registered 22.4 offences per 100,000 people in 1993, criminal victimization seems to be quite a rare event, particularly in compari son with neighbouring countries (Italy, Austria and Hungary) or other societies in transit ion (Svetek, 1994, p. 133). Of course, crime statistics as provided by the police are only an imperfect , approximate measure of the actual amoun t of crime in Slovene society. They tell us as much about reporting and recording procedures as they do about cr ime itself. Thus, it can be assumed that 'unknown' crime, traditionally referred to as the 'dark figure', exists, part icularly in the field of economic and governmental activities, where the effectiveness of the formal and informal social control mechan i sms is low or even negligible. In consequence, it is difficult to say whether the growing concern of the general public about crime is exaggerated, i.e. out of all proport ion to the objective threat that a realistic appraisal could sustain, or even totally misplaced, so that it would be appropriate to speak of the beginnings of moral panic (Goode and Ben-Yehuda, 1994, p. 36). It is a fact, however, that crime (previously almost a taboo subject), especially street crime and use of illegal drugs, has b e c o m e over-reported and

Toward the Study of Governmental Crime: Nuclear Weapons, Foreign Intervention, and International Law

Toward the Study of Governmental Crime: Nuclear Weapons, Foreign Intervention, and International Law

The Crime of State. Penal protection for fundamental freedoms of persons and peoples. Vol. I. Humanicide. International governmental crime against individual human rights. Vol. II. Genocide. United Nations legislation on international criminal law. By Pieter N. Drost. [Leyden: A. W. Sythoff. 1959. 358; 225 pp. Fl.28.90; 16.95.] - Nuclear Weapons and International Law. By Nagendra Singh. [London: Stevens & Sons,

The Crime of State. Penal protection for fundamental freedoms of persons and peoples. Vol. I. Humanicide. International governmental crime against individual human rights. Vol. II. Genocide. United Nations legislation on international criminal law. By Pieter N. Drost. [Leyden: A. W. Sythoff. 1959. 358; 225 pp. Fl.28.90; 16.95.] - Nuclear Weapons and International Law. By Nagendra Singh. [London: Stevens & Sons,

The Crime of State: Penal Protection for Fundamental Freedoms of Persons and Peoples. Vol. I. Humanicide: International Governmental Crime against Individual Human Rights and The Crime of State: Penal Protection for Fundamental Freedoms of Persons and Peoples. Vol. II. Genocide: United Nations Legislation on International Criminal Law

Journal Article The Crime of State: Penal Protection for Fundamental Freedoms of Persons and Peoples. Vol. I. Humanicide: International Governmental Crime against Individual Human Rights and The Crime of State: Penal Protection for Fundamental Freedoms of Persons and Peoples. Vol. II. Genocide: United Nations Legislation on International Criminal Law Get access The Crime of State: Penal Protection for Fundamental Freedoms of Persons and Peoples. By Pieter N. Drost. Leyden, A. W. Sythoff, 1959. Vol. I. Humanicide: International Governmental Crime against Individual Human Rights. 358 pp. Fl. 28.90. Vol. II. Genocide: United Nations Legislation on International Criminal Law. 212 pp. Fl. 16.95. D. H. N. Johnson D. H. N. Johnson Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar International Affairs, Volume 36, Issue 2, April 1960, Page 230, https://doi.org/10.2307/2612076 Published: 01 April 1960