Government Objectives Research Articles

Meta-Regulation: An ideal alternative to the primary responsibility as the regulatory model of generative AI in China

Generative AI with stronger responsiveness and emergent abilities has triggered a global boom and is facing challenges such as data compliance risks during the pretraining process and risks of generating fake information, which has raised concerns among global regulatory authorities. The European Union, United States, United Kingdom, and other countries and regions are gradually establishing risk-based, scenario-based, and outcome-based governance models for generative AI. China recently introduced new regulations for the management of generative AI, which adopt a governance model focusing on generative AI service providers. It suggests that China is continuing the principle of primary responsibility in Internet governance, which encompasses legal responsibility, contractual obligations, and ethical responsibility. However, the governance model based on primary responsibility emphasizes the accountability of generative AI model service providers, with relatively limited regulation on other important entities such as users and large-scale dissemination platforms, which may not be conducive to achieving China's regulatory goals for the AI industry. In comparison, the Meta-Regulation model could be an ideal alternative for China. As a classic theory explaining the public-private relationship, the ‘Meta-Regulation’ aligns with the generative AI governance requirements. Based on the Meta-Regulation theory, the governance of generative AI in China should move towards a direction of emphasizing safety, transparency, collaborative governance, and accountability. In line with this, it is necessary to include users and large-scale dissemination platforms within the regulatory scope and establish overarching governance objectives that ensure the responsible distribution of duties among stakeholders, with regulatory authorities assuming ultimate oversight responsibility and technical coordination. At the level of specific improvement measures, it is possible to integrate the three stages of model development, usage, and content dissemination of generative AI. During the model development stage, generative AI providers have specific transparency obligations. In the usage stage, a self-regulatory system centered around platform autonomy should be constructed. In the content dissemination stage, the proactive notification obligations of the dissemination platforms should be clearly defined. Additionally, the enforcement of technical interoperability requirements is necessary, thereby promoting the orderly development of generative AI applications.

The implementation of Public-Private Partnership in China: A sustainable pathway?

The organizational forms of infrastructure in China are divided into two categories, the traditional Public Procurement Model (PUB) model and Public-Private Partnership(PPP) model. The main difference is the separation or binding of the construction and operation phases. A systematic understanding is needed of how Chinese local governments choose between these two models. In this paper, we take public capital congestion and local government objectives as the entry point to study the effects of both on PPP choice. Firstly, by constructing an endogenous economic growth model under the PPP model, and comparing it with the model under the PUB model, this paper initially explains how the rise in public capital congestion affects the choice of the PPP by growth-oriented local governments. Then the data from prefecture-level cities from 2009-2018 are utilized to conduct empirical tests. We find that urban economic growth pressures have a positive effect on the choice of PPP when the congestion of public capital increases. Furthermore, the implementation of PPP is indeed conducive to economic performance, and its core mechanism is to provide more infrastructure (like roads) rather than tax competition. The PPP model is more sustainable. We are the first to employ both modeling approach and the empirical research to address the implementation of Public-Private Partnership in China. And we have systematically analyzed the conditions and results of PPP selection by local governments. It formulates the Chinese PPP theory.

Identifikasi Tujuan Tata Kelola Teknologi Informasi PLT FST UIN Jakarta Menggunakan Framework COBIT 2019

Information technology (IT) has an important role in increasing efficiency and providing benefits to decision making in various sectors. IT governance is important for organizational sustainability and performance. This research focuses on the Integrated Laboratory Center (PLT) FST UIN Jakarta which still depends on external parties for IT governance, creating potential risks and uncertainty in its operations. Therefore, this research aims to analyze the implementation of COBIT 2019 as a guide in identifying IT governance objectives that suit the needs of PLT FST UIN Jakarta. The research method used in this research involves the COBIT 2019 theoretical approach, with a focus on the goal cascade concept. This approach enables a systematic translation process of stakeholders' needs for IT systems into more specific goals and appropriate strategic steps. The results show eight COBIT 2019 domains that are relevant to IT governance objectives in PLT, which include APO02 (Managed strategy), APO08 (Managed relationships), APO10 (Managed vendors), APO11 (Managed quality), BAI04 (Managed availability and capacity), DSS01 (Managed operations), DSS03 (Managed problems(, and MEA02 (Managed system of internal control) The recommendations resulting from this research are designed to improve the performance and maturity of IT processes at PLT FST UIN Jakarta in accordance with the IT governance objectives that have been identified. This is expected to provide a stronger foundation for managing and optimizing the use of IT to support operations and achieve organizational goals more effectively.

YOUTH EMPLOYMENT AS A PREREQUISITE FOR CREATING A FAMILY IN THE SCANDINAVIAN COUNTRIES

The article is devoted to the study of ways to overcome youth unemployment and identify the main factors of successful youth employment in Denmark as an effective Scandinavian model, given the need to increase the efficiency of youth employment in Ukraine as a factor of readiness to start a family. It is found that the leading factor that determines the readiness of young people to start a family is socio-economic, which involves acquiring a profession and successful implementation in the labour market. It has been established that full employment of the young population as one of the strategic objectives of the Danish government has been successfully implemented in recent decades. It is found that the youth policy implemented at the level of Danish municipalities is based on the values enshrined in international conventions, national and local legislation and is in line with their strategic documents. These include: taking into account the diversity of needs, interests, abilities, talents of young people; creating policies for young people and with the active participation of young people; aiming to increase opportunities for the development of social, personal and professional potential of young people; affirming equal value and equal rights for all; paying special attention to children and young people in vulnerable or disadvantaged situations, children and young people with disabilities; creating a high-quality democratic educational environment for children and young people. It has been determined that municipal youth initiatives are often experimental in nature, and their mechanisms are based on preventive, early intervention with broad involvement of young people in the discussion in the decision-making process in communities. The study identified the key factors for successful youth employment and overcoming youth unemployment in Denmark. It is concluded that there is a need for a thorough study of the best practices of developed countries in employment policy, systematisation of initiatives and combination of approaches in the youth segment of the labour market in order to develop and implement mechanisms for creating favourable conditions for increasing youth employment in Ukraine.

Empowering the Relationship Between the Government Functional Departments and Local Government Integration: An Integrated Study Based on Urban Digital Governance Platforms

Within the context of modernising government governance, the "platform" in the construction of digital government has become key in driving the efficiency of government services and management. This paper, based on the Technology-Organisation-Environment (TOE) framework and combined with theories of holistic governance and collaborative governance, delves into the crucial role of information technology and emerging governance models in eliminating barriers between government departments, optimising departmental structures, and fostering mechanisms for inter-departmental collaboration and sharing. Throughout the research, emphasis is placed on the importance of emerging technologies such as cloud computing, big data, and artificial intelligence in promoting efficient collaboration and resource sharing between government departments. By integrating and optimising governmental internal and inter-departmental data resources and service processes, it is possible to effectively advance the enhancement and integration of the relationship between the government functional departments and local government relations, adapt to the rapid changes in societal demands, and provide more precise and convenient public services. The core objective of this study is to establish a unified government big data platform, promoting the optimisation and integration of departmental structures, constructing an efficient mechanism for departmental collaboration and sharing, achieving data sharing and flow, and establishing a tight governance network. This aims to comprehensively enhance government governance capabilities and service quality, provide assurance for achieving more efficient and equitable governance objectives.

Empowering the Relationship Between the Government Functional Departments and Local Government Integration: An Integrated Study Based on Urban Digital Governance Platforms

Within the context of modernising government governance, the "platform" in the construction of digital government has become key in driving the efficiency of government services and management. This paper, based on the Technology-Organisation-Environment (TOE) framework and combined with theories of holistic governance and collaborative governance, delves into the crucial role of information technology and emerging governance models in eliminating barriers between government departments, optimising departmental structures, and fostering mechanisms for inter-departmental collaboration and sharing. Throughout the research, emphasis is placed on the importance of emerging technologies such as cloud computing, big data, and artificial intelligence in promoting efficient collaboration and resource sharing between government departments. By integrating and optimising governmental internal and inter-departmental data resources and service processes, it is possible to effectively advance the enhancement and integration of the relationship between the government functional departments and local government relations, adapt to the rapid changes in societal demands, and provide more precise and convenient public services. The core objective of this study is to establish a unified government big data platform, promoting the optimisation and integration of departmental structures, constructing an efficient mechanism for departmental collaboration and sharing, achieving data sharing and flow, and establishing a tight governance network. This aims to comprehensively enhance government governance capabilities and service quality, provide assurance for achieving more efficient and equitable governance objectives.

Strategi Pengembangan Sumber Daya Manusia (SDM) Aparatur Sipil Negara (ASN) dalam Menjaga Tradisi Inovasi Pelayanan Publik di Kabupaten Banyuwangi

Public service is one of society's basic rights as an object of government. Public services in Banyuwangi Regency have progressed because they are considered to be carried out more easily and quickly. One of the things that caused it was the innovation of public services carried out by the state civil apparatus of Banyuwangi Regency. This study describes the strategy for developing the human resources of the state civil apparatus in maintaining the tradition of public service innovation. This study uses a qualitative approach and the results show that the strategy for developing state civil human resources in maintaining the tradition of public service innovation is carried out in several ways including: providing opportunities for ASN to continue their studies according to the field of their regional apparatus organization/OPD, conducting periodic upgrading, assign competent ASNs to learn to replicate in areas where innovations have been successful, foster cooperation to form superteams, and provide rewards to ASNs who have successfully developed public service innovations. From this research, it is interesting to replicate the human resource development strategy for the state civil apparatus as it has been implemented in Banyuwangi Regency. The strategy for developing the human resources of the state civil apparatus can be sustainable by looking at the potential and resources of each region.

Vehicle pricing considering EVs promotion and public transportation investment under governmental policies on sustainable transportation development: The case of Norway

The present research investigates the advancement of sustainable transportation by promoting electric vehicles, expanding public transit, and implementing tax increases on fossil fuels and automobiles, via crucial strategies. The present study has examined a market with a fossil fuel vehicle (FFV) manufacturer, an electric vehicle manufacturer, and the government. The manufacturers' pricing strategies are geared towards optimizing profits, whereas the government's objectives for transportation are centered on attaining sustainability across economic, environmental, and social dimensions. The government has considered two strategies, one taxation-based and the other non-taxation-based, to achieve its objectives. In the taxation-based strategy, fixed taxes on fossil-fuel vehicles and fossil fuels are considered, while in the non-taxation-based strategy, subsidies for purchasing electric vehicles and the number of buses purchased for public transportation are predefined. Based on this, eight scenarios with different values for the predefined factors of each strategy have been defined to attain their respective objectives. Game theory has been utilized to determine an optimal solution based on Norwegian data, owing to the interconnected decision-making among stakeholders. By analyzing the findings, managers can enhance their decision-making capabilities. The results suggest that appropriately adjusting subsidies, taxes, and bus numbers within specific thresholds is crucial for mitigating air pollution and achieving other objectives. The assertion that electric cars are a definitive solution may not be accurate, as it depends on the source of the generated electricity. While excessive subsidies in non-renewable energy countries can lead to increased pollution, even in Norway, where most electricity is renewable, rising demand for electric vehicles contributes to air pollution due to increased production. In countries where electricity generation is not primarily from renewable resources, the growth of electric vehicles further exacerbates pollution.Simultaneous increases in fuel taxes and tariffs on fossil fuel vehicles negatively impact the demand for fossil fuel vehicles and government revenues. Therefore, it is recommended that an increase in fuel taxes be implemented to optimize both government revenues and social welfare. This approach safeguards public revenues, promotes societal well-being, and mitigates air pollution.

Pengaruh Implementasi Corporate Governance Terhadap Pengungkapan Sukarela (Studi Empiris Pada Perusahaan Manufaktur Yang Terdaftar Di Bursa Efek Indonesia Periode 2017-2021)

The purpose of this study is to identify and analyze how much influence the implementation of Corporate Governance has on voluntary disclosure of manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange for the 2017-2021 period. There are four principles that must be applied so that the objectives of good corporate governance can be achieved, namely fairness, accountability, transparency and responsibility. Therefore, it is mandatory for all organs in the company to implement these principles, so in this research the author uses the variables independent board of commissioners, managerial ownership, and institutional ownership for voluntary disclosure. The population in this research is all manufacturing sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during the observation period, namely 2017-2021. The sample determination in this research was carried out using non-probability purposive judgment sampling, where the sample was determined based on certain criteria determined by the author and has limitations in terms of generalization. The results indicate that partially, the variables of independent board of commissioners and managerial ownership do not affect voluntary disclosure in the company's annual reports. However, institutional ownership variable significantly influences voluntary disclosure in the company's annual reports.

A microfounded approach to currency substitution and government policy

This paper develops a search-theoretic, two-country, dual-currency model featuring endogenous currency substitution with costly authentication of foreign currency. Benevolent governments, unable to commit to future policies, determine fiscal and monetary policy weighing distortion-smoothing and time-consistency. Decisions of the fiscal authority are accommodated by the monetary authority, where public expenditures, public debt, labor taxation, and inflation are determined using the notion of a Markov-perfect equilibrium. Inflation differentials arise endogenously from cross-country heterogeneities in the citizens' valuation of public goods, rendering international differences in fiscal imbalances the root cause for currency substitution. A steady-state analysis characterizes long-run allocations and identifies the domestic and foreign governments' best responses to changes in local payment patterns. Historical data supports the theoretical findings and provides empirical evidence for the positive relationship between currency-substitution ratios, inflation, and public debt. An extension studying de jure dollarization shows that time-consistency concerns disappear once currency substitution is imposed exogenously, reducing the government's objective to distortion-smoothing exclusively.

Early Childhood Care and Education: A Systematic Literature Review in Indian Context

Early Childhood Care and Education (ECCE) is often regarded as A key element of universal education. This study delves into the landscape of Early Childhood Care and Education (ECCE) in India through a systematic review of literature. After extensive attempts, several nations throughout the world are making strides toward securing ECCE. Despite this, the majority of them were unable to reach or compromise on this aim owing to insufficient resources, bad planning, and weak strategies for implementation, particularly in a large and populated nation such as India. The development of quality standards and curriculum frameworks, plans, acts, constitutional amendments, schemes, and flagship programmes like, District Primary Education Programme (DPEP), Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) and Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan are just a few of the initiatives the Indian government has launched to improve quality. It has resulted in both anticipated and unexpected concerns and obstacles due to India's compromise on the non- negotiable ECCE quality requirements. Consequently, the government's objective of guaranteeing quality in ECCE was not fully achieved. However, recent research indicates significant advancements in quality improvements. Of course, there are unsatisfactory results in certain areas and components, but there has also been progress in other areas, suggesting that maintaining quality is a realistic objective. This research aims to present an overview of the Government of India's operations, assess the situation on the ground, pinpoint the primary hurdles to ECCE quality development and offer workable solutions to overcome those hurdles.

Participatory micro-regeneration: governing urban redevelopment in Qinghe, Beijing

ABSTRACT This article explores how far the Foucauldian concept of “governmentality” may offer valuable insights into new trends of participatory regeneration in urban China. Drawing on participatory micro-regeneration projects in Qinghe, Beijing, this research follows a governmentality approach. It explores how the Chinese state exercises new governmental technologies of community participation and self-governance to construct governable spaces and governable subjects. During the regeneration process, we identify multiple participatory practices where citizen power is exercised in decision-making and project implementation but guided by experts within the fields structured by the state. We argue that participation has been instrumentalized by the state to achieve extra-economic objectives of social governance and people-centred development. We also observe tensions and resistance during participatory micro-regeneration, leading to the failure to develop a self-governed community.

Identification of Tourism-Based MSME Marketing Management Strategies

Sugihwaras Village is a village located in Ngancar District, Kediri Regency. The Sugihwaras Village area includes plantation areas, forestry areas and the Mount Kelud Tourism Area, which means that some economic activities take place in the agricultural and tourism sectors. A well-known agricultural commodity is pineapple with a typical mainstay product, namely "kelud “Madu” pineapple". The superiority of commodities and the implementation of tourism activities in the Mount Kelud Tourism Area has created new job opportunities, namely Kelud “Madu” Pineapple Traders. In practice, Kelud “Madu” pineapple traders are part of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) and as an aspect of Tourism Amenities to support tourism activities in the Mount Kelud Tourism Area. The Kediri Regency Government also supports the potential of “Madu” pineapple in Sugihwaras Village by holding a Pineapple Festival to develop and commercialize the potential of kelud “Madu” pineapple. However, the government's objectives are still not in line with the conditions of MSMEs selling kelud “Madu” pineapples. Therefore, this research seeks to examine marketing management by Kelud “Madu” pineapple traders as supporters of the Mount Kelud Tourism Area. This research uses a qualitative method with an exploratory descriptive approach. Data collection techniques use interviews, observation and documentation. Data analysis consists of data collection, data condensation, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The research results show that marketing by kelud “Madu” pineapple traders is considered to be quite good in terms of potential, personal, operational, relationship and interaction management. The obstacles encountered by kelud “Madu” pineapple traders are related to the provision of facilities, high purchasing prices, and declining sales. Efforts made by the government include organizing festivals and community training, but there is a need for capital assistance for traders.

Governance hurdles for expansion of low trophic mariculture production in Sweden

The study examines the governance of low trophic species mariculture (LTM) using Sweden as a case study. LTM, involving species such as seaweeds and mollusks, offers ecosystem services and nutritious foods. Despite its potential to contribute to blue growth and Sustainable Development Goals, LTM development in the EU and OECD countries has stagnated. A framework for mapping governance elements (institutions, structures, and processes) and analyzing governance objective (effective, equitable, responsive, and robust) was combined with surveys addressed to the private entrepreneurs in the sector. Analysis reveals ineffective institutions due to lack of updated legislation and guidance, resulting in ambiguous interpretations. Governance structures include multiple decision-making bodies without a clear coordination agency. Licensing processes were lengthy and costly for the private entrepreneurs, and the outcomes were uncertain. To support Sweden’s blue bioeconomy, LTM governance requires policy integration, clearer direction, coordinated decision-making, and mechanisms for conflict resolution and learning.

Strategic Initiatives for Public Service Modernization: The Case of Key Focus Activities (KFAs) in Sarawak, Malaysia

Governments worldwide recognize the necessity of modernizing their public administration systems to adapt to evolving socioeconomic and technological landscapes. In Sarawak, Malaysia, the Key Focus Activities (KFA) is part of the Sarawak Civil Service initiatives to transform and optimize the civil service. The KFA initiative aims to enhance efficiency, effectiveness, and responsiveness by developing, reviewing, improving, and reengineering policies, regulations, processes, systems, and procedures. An analysis of 67 Rakyat KFA project reports evaluated the reliability of data captured and the contribution of KFA projects to Sarawak Government objectives. Findings highlighted the need for improved data capture and user-friendliness of the KFA system. Many KFA projects focused on tactical, isolated achievements rather than broader, inter-agency solutions. To maximize the impact of KFA projects, recommendations were proposed. These include enhancing KFA project report’s clarity, fostering knowledge sharing and inter-agency collaboration, and promoting public participation. The KFA initiative showcases the Sarawak Government's commitment to enhancing its civil service, in line with global trends. By addressing the identified areas for improvement, the initiative can optimize service delivery, resource utilization, and responsiveness to citizen needs. As the transformation journey continues, reevaluating and realigning the KFA initiative is essential to maintain its relevance and effectiveness in fulfilling the Sarawak Government's long-term priorities and strategic goals.

TESTING THE OMNIBUS LAW CONCEPT IN LEGAL THEORY: EVALUATING ITS EFFECTIVENESS AS A TOOL FOR SOCIAL ENGINEERING

This research examines the enactment of Law Number 6 of 2023, which formalizes Government Regulation in Lieu of Law Number 2 of 2022 on Job Creation. The law reflects the Indonesian government's efforts to create and expand employment opportunities. However, it is crucial to investigate whether these efforts align with the broader interests of the community or merely serve the ruling elite's agendas. This study assesses whether the law, with its various mechanisms, effectively addresses social conditions in line with the government's objectives—such as reducing unemployment, accommodating new workers, and fostering the growth of cooperatives and MSMEs—or whether it diverges from these goals. A socio-legal approach is employed to analyze whether the government's interests genuinely reflect the community's needs.

Transforming vision into action: exploring collaborative governance strategies in the development of the Nusantara New Capital City

The research purpose to examine collaborative governance, the potential and opportunities for the Nusantara New Capital City. The research design utilizes a qualitative exploratory method, where collected data is then analyzed using descriptive techniques. The results showed that the realization of collaborative governance in the development of Nusantara New Capital City has not been optimized due to less intensive and sustainable communication.; low levels of trust among local stakeholders; failure to build ownership and lack of transparency in achievements; lack of shared vision, mission, and perspective on resolving common issues; suboptimal realization of common values in the development of Nusantara New Capital City; achievement of only 38.1% completion progress in development; and the realization of strategic planning being less accelerated. The model for the collaborative governance optimization of Nusantara New Capital City is developed as a model emphasizing the empowerment of equality and proportional aspects of local stakeholders supported by accommodated regulation. The model can be applied to various collaborative governance objects and in other regions because it is developed according to the flexibility, conditionality, actuality, and factual nature of the issues

A Knowledg Graph Model for e-Government

Many governments around the world have invested huge amount of resource to build their e- Government capabilities, to meet government objectives of effective public service delivery and citizens engagement. The increase in size of an e-Government landscape has led to the increase in complexity of the infrastructure. This increasing complex infrastructure presents a challenge for governments to continue to meet its objectives. Knowledge Graph (KG), a constituent AI technology, has shown a lot of promise in helping governments meet its objectives in the midst of the complexity. A major aspect of this complexity is the need to maintain a single view of the world, in the form of a unified meaning of data, within a given e-Government instance, given the heterogeneity in data models used in the different departments within an e-Government instance. In this paper, we present a unique perspective in addressing the problem of deriving semantic meaning from disparate data in an e-Government context, using KG. Our aim is to advance the objectives of effective service delivery and citizens engagement in a complex e- Government instance. We focus on creating a data- centric architectural model that is single, simple and extensible, based on KG. We create a functional model based on architectural view and viewpoints from standards such as The Open Group Architectural Framework (TOGAF). The functional model highlights the various components that underpin the functions. We have developed our model within the context of a Design Science Research (DSR) approach, and we provide evaluation of same model within that context. An e- Government KG model guides the development of KG solutions in e-Government, in order to achieve the e- Government enterprise goals of effective service delivery and citizens engagement.

Corporatization of Public Libraries in Taiwan: Stakeholder Theory Perspective

ABSTRACT This study explores the transition of public libraries to administrative corporations through the lens of stakeholder theory. It positions public libraries as pivotal institutions harboring extensive collections vital for fostering educational and cultural growth. Focusing on the Kaohsiung Public Library in Taiwan as a case study, this research highlights successful tactics adopted during its shift toward administrative corporatization. Such a transformation aligns with the strategic objectives of governments, stakeholders, and communities at large. By applying stakeholder theory, the study investigates the broader societal contributions of administratively corporatized public libraries, their role in advancing public library services amidst organizational changes, and their capacity to augment the distinctiveness of urban landscapes.

Indonesia Insurance Corporate Governance: A Literature Review

The aim of this research is to present and evaluate corporate governance framework for insurance companies in Indonesia based on previous researches related to corporate governance and The Indonesia Financial Services Authority Regulation. We evaluate concerning to governance objectives that include protecting shareholder interests, enhancing shareholder value, ensuring accountability, managing risk, promoting ethical behavior, transparency and disclosure, balancing interests, strategic decision-making, compliance with laws and regulations, efficient operations, long-term sustainability, stakeholder engagement, adapting to change, creating a positive reputation, and facilitating investment. We discuss the corporate governance framework for insurance companies in Indonesia based on the Indonesia Financial Services Authority regulation that states governance structure, corporate governance code, self-assessment & governance report, governance process and corporate governance principles to meet governance objectives. Although every year all insurance companies report corporate governance, but some companies have been stopped by the Authority. This raises research problems for the future relating to why insurance companies that have complied with corporate governance provisions have been stopped by the Authority.