Governance Of Cyberspace Research Articles

Study on Cyberspace Governance in the Perspective of Digital Revolution

Study on Cyberspace Governance in the Perspective of Digital Revolution

The Past, Conundrums, and Future of International Cybersecurity Governance

Due to the growing reliance of nations on the Internet, cyber security concerns have become a global concern for the entire international community. After the international community has acquired a consensus on the principles of international cyberspace governance, it stalls due to the delay in obtaining an agreement on the application of international law. The governance of global cyberspace security is currently confronted with challenges such as nations' divergent interests and values and the expansion of international competition into cyberspace. In the future process of establishing an international order in cyberspace, the "dual-track system" of the United Nations should be utilized in its entirety, national collaboration at the regional level should be encouraged, and the legislative road of "multilateralism" should be adhered to.

The concept of cyberspace in international law

The subject. The article is devoted to the analysis of approaches in the development of the concept of cyberspace in international law.The purpose of this article is to try to highlight the attributes of cyberspace, which will allow to resolve existing gaps in the field of universal cyber regulation in international law. The research presented in this article was conducted by combining various disciplinary approaches, including comparative law, comparative politics and international relations, political theory, and sociology. In addition, the study includes methods of dialectical logic, analysis and synthesis, as well as a formal-legal analysis of UN international legal acts.The main results and scope of their application. As states pay increasing attention to cyberspace management as the technical architecture that powers the global Internet and governance in cyberspace, in terms of how states, corporations and users can use this technology, the role of international law in cyberspace is increasing, becoming more prominent, becoming more important. At the same time, note that international law has no specific rules for regulating cyberspace. Moreover, the technology is both new and dynamic. Thus, for several years there have been open questions as to whether existing international law applies at all to cyberspace. Cyberspace is now the backbone of global commerce, communication and defense systems, and is a key aspect of the critical infrastructure that sustains our modern civilization. Technology and information spread almost instantaneously, and the global economy and supply chains are integrated to a degree unprecedented in history. Nevertheless, there is still no developed universal concept of cyberspace in international law, only approaches at the level of the UN, international organizations, including the First Committee of the UN General Assembly on Disarmament and International Security, the G20, the European Union, the Association of Southeast Asian Nations and the Organization of American States and doctrinal approaches are singled out.Conclusions. The competition for strategic technology and the competition for advantage in the "information space" is growing, so far without the standard international rules of the road. Moreover, the future is likely to prove even more transformational. The potential threats are also extraordinary: autonomous weapons, cyber warfare, sophisticated disinformation campaigns and geopolitical instability. In such circumstances, it is crucial to develop a universal notion of cyberspace because of the persistent significant vulnerabilities and number of threats in global communications.

ASEAN Ambiguity on International Law and Norms for Cyberspace

This chapter will argue that while the Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN) has on occasion stressed the need and its respect for a rules-based international order, and that international law applies in cyberspace, it has not spelt out how it applies to cyberspace. The ASEAN experience is unique and should be considered separately from other regional organisations. Scholars have tried to compare ASEAN and the European Union (EU) in the hope that the processes of understanding international law and conforming to norms are similar. However, unlike the European Union, where integration on rules and law are advanced and States share a common cultural heritage, a common language and face similar economic and security problems, ASEAN is a unique area where the formation of a regional grouping is based largely on mutual benefit and geography. ASEAN is a pragmatic entity that is not dogmatic on the framing of international law when it perceives a deficit of order in the international system, and does not solely subscribe to a singular interpretation of international law or to others’ views on cyberspace governance. ASEAN leaders especially place much importance on the principles of ‘mutual respect’ and ‘non-interference’, and views sovereignty as a sacrosanct principle among ASEAN member States. There is an unwillingness to define what States in the region see as sovereignty, choosing to maintain an ambiguous stance in order to achieve more flexibility in both foreign and domestic policy.

Chinese Approach to International Law with Regard to Cyberspace Governance and Cyber Operation: From the Perspective of the Five Principles of Peaceful Co-existence

Since sovereign States under international law are still the dominant force in coping with cyberspace threats and carrying out international governance of cyberspace, the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence, initiated by China, have their unique advantages in cyberspace application. In the process of constructing international norms of cyber security and cyber operation, it is necessary to develop their new significance. Firstly, cyberspace sovereignty is the extension of State sovereignty in cyberspace, so cyber sovereignty should be mutually respected. Secondly, each State should promise not to infringe, attack or destroy the cyberspace of another State, while each State bears the responsibility and enjoys the right to protect its cyberspace from threat, interference and destruction. Thirdly, cyberspace should not be utilised to interfere in the internal affairs or destabilise the political, economic and social order of other States, and the diversities of cyberspace policies in different States should be respected. Fourthly, all States should fulfil their duty on international cyberspace governance and enjoy cyber fruits together, thus enabling a democratic and transparent governance mechanism to be established. Lastly, cyberspace should be a peaceful, secure and open space, in which China is dedicated to strengthening cooperation with other countries, maintaining cyber security together, and building a shared future for humankind.

SybilFlyover: Heterogeneous graph-based fake account detection model on social networks

Organized social robot accounts can launch Sybil attacks on online social networks (OSNs) for various malicious purposes, thus significantly affecting the user experience of online communities and damaging the reputation of OSNs. Therefore, detecting Sybil accounts in OSNs is crucial in cyberspace governance. Among the existing Sybil account detection methods, structure-based methods appear to be the most promising because of their ability to model the states and behaviors of social network accounts effectively. However, most of these structure-based methods only model the social accounts in OSNs while ignoring the content generated in OSNs, such as tweets of Twitter accounts. To address this deficiency, this study proposes an efficient model called SybilFlyover, which uses a heterogeneous graph-based method to represent all types of entities existing in an OSN uniformly, as well as complex relationships between the entities in a directed heterogeneous social network graph. During the modeling process, content-based social network information is injected into the model using a method based on prompt learning to achieve more accurate modeling of the real state of an OSN. Finally, the social network graph was processed using a transformer-based method to identify nodes representing Sybil accounts. The results of an experiment on a real public dataset demonstrate that the proposed SybilFlyover model outperforms existing state-of-the-art baseline models in Sybil account detection.

Contesting Western and Non-Western Approaches to Global Cyber Governance beyond Westlessness

ABSTRACT The power shift from West to East has engendered an increasingly confrontational and competitive multipolar system in cyberspace governance. The West has to confront the real possibility of its decline in the face of the rising influence of the non-Western world, as shown in the intensive discussions over ‘Westlessness’ at the 2020 Munich Security Conference. In order to address scholarly concerns around cyberspace governance in a digitalised world, this Special Core examines competing ideas and norms of cyberspace governance from comparative perspectives, shedding light on the promising research field of global cyberspace governance and the debate on ‘Westlessness’ in the study of international politics.

Cyberterritory: An Exploration of the Concept

What does the future of cyberspace look like? The idealistic notion of cyberspace as a 'free' and 'open' global infrastructure is progressively challenged by projecting territoriality and conveying traditional nation-state models of governance into cyberspace. The aim of this interdisciplinary paper is to examine the process of cyberspace territorialisation and to present a conceptual definition of a theoretical 'cyberterritory' as a bounded sovereign entity that operates under the jurisdiction of a certain nation-state. Firstly, we explain the different views of the cyberspace governance and summarize the latest developments in the UN's efforts to bring order over cyberspace. Secondly, we analyse the different views on 'digital sovereignty' and show how several nations have felt the need to express publicly their views on sovereignty in cyberspace. Thirdly, we discuss the possibility of new techno-economic alliances, because only few (if any) nation-states could have sufficient resources to be 'sovereign' in cyberspace. Finally, we present a conceptual definition of a theoretical 'cyberterritory' that encompasses political, legal and technical aspects. The significance of this paper is in its contribution to the discussion of future cyberspace governance by presenting a definition of a theoretical 'cyberterritory' as an entity of its own - a new nation-state 'digital terrain' of the future.

CURRENT INTERNATIONAL LAW FOR CYBER CRIMES: A NEED FOR NEXT STEP

Through a wide variety of restrictions and regulations, the International Law regulates the relationship between nations and other international players (such as international organisations). From weapons control to international commerce, to environment, it has been used as a framework for governing global governance. The importance of international law in cyber environment has developed as governments pay greater attention to the ‘governance of cyberspace’ (the technological infrastructure that enables the global internet to work) and ‘governance in cyberspace” (how states, industry, and individuals may utilise this technology). However, apart from few exceptions such as the Budapest Convention on Cybercrime1 and the African Union Convention on Cyber Security and Personal Data Protection (yet to be in effect), the international law does not provide specific guidelines for cyberspace regulation. Moreover, it's a cutting-edge technology that's constantly evolving. As a result, for many years, it was unclear whether or not existing international law extended to the domain of Internet. The nation states and international organisations such as the UN's First Committee on Disarmament and International Security, the G20, European Union, the ASEAN, and the Organization of American States (OAS) have all stated that existing international law applies to states' use of information and communication technologies (ICTs). Thus, International Law is no more a question of whether, but rather how it functions. While many other international......

A Study on Resource Security under Legal Protection of e-Commerce Data Sovereignty Based on Blockchain Network

With the growing demand for cross-border electronic data forensics, national sovereignty and international network security have ushered in great challenges, and how to achieve dynamic balance in various fields under cross-border electronic data forensics, advance the process of global cyberspace governance, reach international consensus, and achieve win-win cooperation is a question that China needs to solve. Based on the above status quo, a blockchain-based secure e-commerce system is researched and implemented. Using the distributed architecture of the blockchain system and the automatic execution feature of smart contracts, a secure transaction application system is designed to realize decentralization and solve the problem of untrustworthy intermediate parties. Data storage is based on the mechanism of combining blockchain and offchain databases to ensure data security, and the characteristic of blockchain can only be appended and read to prevent the system from being tampered. The database index and the storage structure of smart contract commodity information and transaction information are established to improve the query efficiency. The functional and performance tests of the system show that the transaction processing efficiency is high in the multinode environment, and the response time of order and commodity status query can reach 80 ms. The design and development process of the system is introduced in detail, which is an important reference value for the application of blockchain technology in e-commerce.

Book Review: Four internets: Data, geopolitics, and the governance of cyberspace

Book Review: Four internets: Data, geopolitics, and the governance of cyberspace

Social Public Opinion Communication and Network Legal Management Based on Artificial Intelligence Cognitive Wireless Network

Public opinion supervision is an important part of the national security supervision system. In the Internet era, especially with the rapid development of mobile social media, the position of online public opinion supervision in public opinion supervision is becoming more and more prominent. Internet public opinion supervision has a wide range of subjects, diverse objects, multiple channels, instant and efficient communication speed, and two-way interaction and has its distinctive features, but at the same time there are phenomena such as online rumors, invasion of others' privacy, and venting private anger. The existence of these problems requires strengthening the legal system of public opinion supervision, enhancing the network literacy of Internet users, government management departments, website operators, and other subjects of online public opinion supervision, continuously improving the technical level of online public opinion monitoring, and public opinion guidance ability of network supervision departments, and strengthening the regulation of online public opinion supervision through the improvement and improvement of legal system and coordinated promotion of cyberspace governance. Meanwhile, mobile Internet is the soil for social opinion dissemination. With the development of technology, cognitive wireless network is becoming an important infrastructure in the mobile Internet. Therefore, this paper studies social opinion dissemination and cyber law management in cognitive wireless networks and proposes a cognitive engine model based on artificial intelligence algorithms for cognitive wireless networks for enhancing opinion dissemination and law management. The extended experiments demonstrate the advanced performance and effectiveness of the proposed method in this paper and provide a new technical approach for enhancing public opinion dissemination and legal management.

Security threat model under internet of things using deep learning and edge analysis of cyberspace governance

Security threat model under internet of things using deep learning and edge analysis of cyberspace governance

Meta-Learning Paradigm and CosAttn for Streamer Action Recognition in Live Video

As an emerging field of network content production, live video has been in the vacuum zone of cyberspace governance for a long time. Streamer action recognition is conducive to the supervision of live video content. In view of the diversity and imbalance of streamer actions, it is attractive to introduce few-shot learning to realize streamer action recognition. Therefore, a meta-learning paradigm and CosAttn for streamer action recognition method in live video is proposed, including: (1) the training set samples similar to the streamer action to be recognized are pretrained to improve the backbone network; (2) video-level features are extracted by R(2+1)D-18 backbone and global average pooling in the meta-learning paradigm; (3) the streamer action is recognized by calculating cosine similarity after sending the video-level features to CosAttn to generate a streamer action category prototype. Experimental results on several real-world action recognition datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of our method.

Подходы США и КНР к глобальному управлению киберпространством: «новая биполярность» в «сетевом обществе»

From the perspective of power transition theory, international relations system is gradually entering the phase of "power transition" where the United States, as a global hegemon, seeks to maintain the existing world order, and China establishes alternative international formats to reorganize the system of international relations and strengthen its structural power. Cyberspace and technological sphere are becoming the field of non-violent competition between states, which makes the study of global governance of cyberspace critical for the understanding of the outlines of the "new bipolarity". The analysis in the paper is focused on U.S. & China approaches to global governance of cyberspace through the prism of Manuel Castells' theory of "network society". The authors aimed to determine the directions of the U.S. and China policy in the course of four types of "power" in cyberspace: networking power, network power, networked power and network-making power. Present analysis concludes that the United States play crucial role in the course of all four types of "power" at the expense of decentralized model of Internet governance which is based on the idea of "multistakeholderism". NGO and other entities play a decisive role in such a model. Nonetheless, China has already developed necessary tools for reforming the present system of global governance of cyberspace based on centralized model with the leading role of United Nations as an international governance organization and state as a basic actor. The main beneficiaries of the centralized model are developing countries, which are unable to influence the global governance of cyberspace under the dominance of private companies from developed countries.

The Governance Mechanism and Process of Global Cyberspace Security Under the Framework of the United Nations

Since the security of global cyberspace was regarded as the core topic of global governance, the UN has become the main place for exchanging ideas, developing debates and promoting governance. Therefore, the global cyberspace governance mechanism established by the United Nations is naturally acclaimed as the most representative platform, providing opportunities and assistance for the countries all over the world to participating in the global cyberspace governance. For the governance mechanism and process of global cyberspace security, the UN has not only set global agendas on the right to free speech on the Internet, the sustainable development of cyberspace security, the inclusiveness of the artificial intelligence and the sustainable development, but also has established a relatively integrated the framework of the governance mechanism. In dealing with the differences and games in the changing of the global cyberspace security governance, the UN still condenses consensus and continuously promotes the international cooperation, pushing the security of global cyberspace become the general consensus in the international community. Meanwhile, the UN also calls for countries around the world to coordinate governance in order to consolidate and develop the status of the United Nations in global cyberspace security governance.

Global Cyber Security Governance in the New Era: Status, Dilemma, and Development

Global cyber security in the new era is characterized by its hazards, seriousness, and complexity. The Internet has given many individuals new political power, and it has also expanded the frontiers of global governance. The current cyberspace governance is faced with the limited interaction between information technology and institutions, which is manifested as the institutional dilemma of cyberspace governance, the conflict of governance subjects, and the value conflict of cyberspace governance. By constructing a global cyber security cooperation system, countries around the world can jointly address the security threats in cyberspace, thereby achieving effective governance of cyberspace. Realizing the interdependence of human beings, the mutual bridging of interests, and the interaction and integration of civilizations in cyberspace are the three internal logics of building a global cyber security cooperation system..

The Triadic Conflict That Lies Ahead in the U.S.-China Tech Confrontation

executive summary: This essay examines how the triadic conflict between the U.S., China, and technology companies is shaping the governance of cyberspace. main argument With the increasing influence of global technology companies, a trilateral competition is emerging between the U.S., China, and these companies over supremacy in cyberspace. As common values are a prerequisite for cyberspace governance, each actor is advocating values that favor its position. The U.S. and other democracies argue that cyberspace must continue to be democratic, whereas China and other authoritarian states argue that state sovereignty is the highest guiding principle. The tech companies, on the other hand, want to ensure that cyberspace remains global. Sovereignty, globalization, and democratic governance thus constitute a trilemma between positions that are partly incompatible with each other. policy implications • With nations and tech companies on a collision course, the U.S. and Japanese governments should not confront two competitors at the same time. Instead, to push back against authoritarian regimes on cyberspace governance, democratic countries need to cooperate with tech companies. • Confronted with the trilemma between democracy, sovereignty, and globalization, policymakers can advance up to two of these values. However, advancing all three is not a viable option because of incompatibilities between these values in practice. • The triadic conflict in cyberspace can also be seen as a competition for access to data. As the U.S., China, and technology companies drive data into their own jurisdictions, difficult times lie ahead for other actors, such as developing countries, international organizations, regional security organizations, civil society, and standardization bodies.

New Coronary Pneumonia Based on Big Data and China’s Control of the Epidemic

With the explosive growth of data, the value mining of massive data cannot be realized by traditional technology. This article mainly studies the spread of new coronary pneumonia based on big data and China’s control of the epidemic. In this study, the location information and time information in the records of each strain were saved in two txt files respectively to prepare data for the establishment of influenza virus transmission network. According to the number of groups participating in the evolutionary game, we will get the corresponding number of replication dynamic equations nonlinear. The stability of the ordinary differential equation system can be used to judge the stability of the nonlinear evolutionary dynamic system of each group in the game model. The χ2 test was used to compare the related rate and composition between groups, and the Pearson correlation was used to analyze the correlation between inoculation rate and morbidity. Experimental data shows that before the epidemic, the average time used for the Schulte grid of college students was 28.10 seconds, with a standard deviation of 5.492. The results show that with the continuous deepening of theoretical research and practical applications, national cyberspace governance will definitely accelerate its development and become more complete.

Target driven IP Geolocation Algorithm

IP Golocation is an important technique to achieve network attack traceability, network security early warning, and improve the ability of cyberspace governance. Due to the limitation of collecting a large number of anchor nodes, it is impossible to accurately infer the IP location to block level or more in a large scale. Therefore, this paper proposes a target driven IP geolocation inference method. Firstly, the candidate anchor node is collected from the subnet or the adjacent subnet of the target IP, then the candidate anchor node is calibrated by their fingerprints, and finally the geolocation of target IP is comprehensively inference by its proximity to anchors. In order to verify the proposed method, 10,000 IPs in Beijing is selected randomly. The experimental results show that the method can effectively infer the geographical location of the target IP address.