Turnover Of Goods Research Articles

РОЗВИТОК ТА РІВЕНЬ ЕФЕКТИВНОСТІ ТОРГОВЕЛЬНОЇ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ ПІДПРИЄМСТВАМИ РОЗДРІБНОЇ ТОРГІВЛІ УКРАЇНИ

Розвиток торговельної діяльності відбувається у відповідності до діючої Концепції розвитку внутрішньої торгівлі України. Швидкими темпами змінюються споживчі уподобання, асортиментна кон’юнктура, розширення впливу географічних та видових можливостей представлених товарів. Здійснений аналіз внутрішніх змін в обсягах товарообороту підприємств в розрізі товарних груп, господарюючих суб’єктів на рівні країни та окремих її регіонів дозволив аргументувати та обґрунтував важливість дотримання сукупності принципів організації торгівлі, рівноваги попиту і пропозиції, купівельної спроможності, економічної обґрунтованості та окупності. Використані методи авторських узагальнень, аналітично-статистичних розрахунків, порівнянь дозволили систематизувати цифровий матеріал дослідження та обґрунтувати висновки щодо стану та динаміки розвитку торговельної діяльності України, а також Хмельницької області, як одного з її регіонів. Проведене дослідження акцентує увагу на мережевому маркетингу, як однієї з форм розвитку і удосконалення торгівлі та визначення необхідної номенклатури і вузьких місць в діяльності суб’єктів торгівлі, в тому числі ринків. Аргументовано перспективність використання електронної комерції (купівлі-продажу), що значно розширює можливості здійснення торговельної діяльності як для покупців, так і підприємств торгівлі. Пропонується враховувати вплив демографічної безпеки, як одного з чинників, що формує товарну політику країни та її експортний потенціал. Визначено, що вплив на збільшення показників товарообороту має екстенсивний фактор зростання цін на спожиті товари, що певним чином вносить викривлення у сприйняття цифрової інформації. Використання інноваційних технологій, сучасних методів прийняття управлінських рішень у сфері маркетингу, логістики дозволяє удосконалювати процес торгівлі, задовольняти попит споживачів і забезпечувати ефективність підприємств торговельної сфери діяльності.

Hungarian endeavours for the enhancement of economic relations in Southeast Asia focusing on a new partnership with Vietnam

Beyond a brief review of the economic integration process among the states of the ASEAN region, the authors of the present study aimed to examine and analyze the main economic, social and political characteristics of the Hungaro-ASEAN relations. The importance of the topic of this research is underlined by the fact that the Hungarian government considers big importance to the improvement of the foreign economic relations with Asian economies. This intention was expressed by a new foreign economic strategy „Eastern opening” announced by the government in 2012, even though the foreign trade statistical figures did not justify its success by now.The authors believe that increasing opening towards Asia serves Hungarian economic interests. Therefore, it is a right and desirable direction to proceed, they consider that in the background of the modest results there might be the insufficient knowledge of the market mechanisms, the actors of the local supply chains and the potential partners. They believe that in order to make the Hungarian foreign economic endeavours in this direction more successful a more thorough examination of the local characteristics – including the actual demand arising at the targeted markets - is necessary. This opinion is prevalent to not only the Asian „Giants”, like China, India and Japan, but also to smaller states, like the ASEAN members, which – together - in terms of population and economic performance – reach the dimensions of an economic great power as well.Furthermore, the integration of the ten Southeast Asian countries develops rapidly, which is coupled by their increasing weight in the world trade. The dynamic economic and social development in the ASEAN region – and in parallel with this the growing demands and purchasing power - may encourage the Hungarian ventures in theory. However, there are still very few Hungarian entrepreneurs, who are ready to enter the market in the region and able in long run to operate there successfully. It is a well-known fact that the since the regime has changed in Hungary, foreign trade became strongly concentrated towards the EU members.The ASEAN countries – because of the geographic distance and by other reasons - definitely cannot mean an alternative of the EU market, however in a certain extent they can relieve this one-sided concentration and may provide additional opportunities for the Hungarian export of goods, and rather to the export of Hungarian services and know-how. The ratio of the ASEAN region within the entire Hungarian foreign trade turnover is small nowadays, furthermore – according to the statistical figures – this region is rather an import resource for Hungary than being an export market. This fact – just itself – is should not be considered as problem. When the amount of the import exceeds the amount of exports, that means that it is more worthwhile to do business with suppliers from there countries than with others. By and large all this is prevalent to the field of the agricultural trade as well: Hungary imports a range of commodities which cannot be produced by domestic farmers or in Europe (spices, tropical fruits, etc.). It is obvious that the ASEAN region cannot be the major market for the Hungarian agricultural export, not even in long run. However, there are still a lot of opportunities to enlarge the turnover of goods and services and enhance the co-operation in this geographic region. In the last chapter, the authors outlined an example in case of Vietnam – co-operation of joint public warehousing of agricultural commodities – which may be a good example for the promising potential opportunities. In contrast with the majority of the ASEAN countries, the Hungaro-Vietnamese political and economic relations had started much earlier than the regime was changed in Hungary. However, the potential advantages arose from this fact – the network of connections and the sympathy of Vietnamese professionals graduated in Hungary, the reputation and popularity of Hungarian agricultural products and technologies, the achievements of R&D in the field of agriculture – could not be utilized from Hungarian side. Vietnam, however still preserved its socialist political establishment, but in terms of its economic development strategy and economic policy has gradually been standing on the basis of market orientation. Vietnam, with its population of ninety million shows a rapid and successful development and it means good opportunities even for Hungarian entrepreneurs. It would be a mistake to leave these potentials unused.
 JEL Classification: F14, Q17, R11, N75

Management Decisions to Improve Formation and Implementation of the Strategy for the Development of Foreign Economic Relations between Ukraine and Lybia

Libya is an important trade partner of Ukraine in North Africa. A priority objective for Ukraine in the cooperation with Libya is to diversify energy supplies, whereas Libya shows interest to imports of Ukrainian goods and science & technology services. Studies of performance and trends in foreign economic relations of Ukraine with Libya are, therefore, supposed to enhance the effectiveness of foreign economic policy decisions.
 A statistical analysis for the period of 2008–2018 is made using time series on the foreign trade turnover of goods and services between Ukraine and Libya, bilateral trade in goods, bilateral trade in services, the structure of Ukrainian exports of goods to Libya (2018), and the structure of Ukrainian imports of goods from Libya (2018). The data on the structure of the Ukrainian export and import transactions with Libya show that the Ukrainian exports are dominated by agricultural goods, by far and large food products and crops in particular (more than 80% of the total exports), which can caused by nature conditions of the African continent. The remaining share of Ukrainian exports consists of processed raw materials, ferrous metals (nearly 15% of the total exports) and non-ferrous metals, products of oil refinery, chemical products, machinery and equipment, textiles, leather, footwear, foods and beverages etc. The trade balance is positive for Ukraine. Factors hampering the expansion of trade between the two countries are identified: lack of a basic strategy for foreign trade with Libya, lack of a clear strategic vision of the trade cooperation with Libya, heavy political and economic pressures by the Russian Federation, low quality of normative documents for support and promotion of foreign economic interests etc. Management solutions are proposed to improve formation and implementation of the strategy for the development of foreign economic relations between Ukraine and Libya.

Improvement of tax administration based on the requirements to marking of goods

The subject of this research is one of the most relevant vectors in the work of tax and other competent authorities – implementation of the procedure of digital marking of goods and creation of the unified verification base for the released products. The object of this research is the oversight system, in which the monitoring functions of commodity flow are divided between the competent authorities that also control the discharge of fiscal obligations and usage of cash trade mechanisms. Based on the acquired results, the author formulates the tasks solved in implementation of the marking of goods technology; structures the model of system interaction of the authorized state agencies on the questions of monitoring goods turnover; determines the role of fiscal control authorities in the new mechanism of administering sales relations; establishes the theoretical-methodological content of the effectiveness of digital marking of goods. Analysis is conducted on the law enforcement practice of administrative infractions with regards to mandatory requirements of the marking of goods. The author proposes the directions for the development of technologies for monitoring goods turnover and discharge of fiscal obligations by the counterparty. These recommendations along with the obtained results define the novelty of this research, substantiated by a relatively small experience in the area of marking technologies within the system of tax and operational administration of product turnover.

Comparative legal analysis of protectability of olfactory trademarks

In the current growing global commercial turnover of goods and services, there are increasing demands on the ways of their individualization. This applies both to traditional methods of individualization (corporate name, trademark, commercial designation, name of origin, etc.) and non-traditional (olfactory trademarks). The purpose of this study is to study and analyze doctrinal concepts, norms of the current legislation, and law enforcement practice concerning the protection of rights of olfactory trademarks. In order to achieve this objective, the study used a comparative legal method, which analyzed the legal and regulatory framework, as well as the grounds for refusing to register non-traditional trademarks in various legal systems and national jurisdictions. The task of the authors was to conduct a comprehensive study of legislative regulation and practice of legal protection of olfactory trademarks in various jurisdictions. The result of the research is the formulation of a general trend in different jurisdictions toward the legislation on registration of exclusive rights to non-traditional trademarks, which with the help of aromas (smells) allow individualizing the owners of goods produced by them and/or commercial services provided.

Mechanisms of customs formalities in the international transport system

The effective implementation of customs operations is one of the main manifestations of the high degree of development of the logistics system in terms of the formation of an international transport complex while ensuring national security of the state. The technology of customs and transport regulation should ensure the acceleration of goods turnover and passenger traffic, which is one of the main tasks of most customs agencies of foreign countries caused by various integration processes in the field of tourism development, the international distribution of labor, the creation of common labor markets, as well as the organization of an international logistics system. The introduction of balanced, stable technologies of customs control and customs clearance creates the conditions for the stable functioning of the logistics system, its strengthening, helps to accelerate the process of goods distribution, develop the export potential of domestic products, deepen inte-gration in the European and world systems and enhance participation in international customs organizations.

ГРАЖДАНСКО-ПРАВОВОЙ РЕЖИМ ТОВАРОВ ДВОЙНОГО НАЗНАЧЕНИЯ С ПОЗИЦИИ ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЯ БАЛАНСА ЧАСТНОГО И ПУБЛИЧНОГО ИНТЕРЕСОВ: СРАВНИТЕЛЬНО-ПРАВОВОЙ АСПЕКТ

The article examines the dialectical relationship between the balance of private and public interests and the effectiveness of legal regulation of the dual-use goods. The concepts of dual-use goods and the legal regime of dual-use goods are examined and the conclusion is made that there is an interdependence between the categories «fair balance of private and public interests» and «the form and content of the dual-use goods regime». The structure of the legal regime system, consisting of interconnected subsystems that are in functional unity with each other, is analyzed. The dynamic property of the legal regime of dual-use goods to change the status of the goods and the status of the subject, depending on the state of the balance of private and public interests, is revealed. A special mechanism has been identified for regulating the system of the legal regime for dual-use goods, arising from the process of unification of legal norms, both at the international and national levels. The author proposed measures to improve the mechanism for regulating the legal regime of dual-use goods, based on the achievements of scientific and technological progress. Thus, increasing inter-industry relations through the unification of legal norms, as well as the use of modern technologies in the export control process, will ensure a fair balance between private and public interests. Meanwhile, state intervention in the property relations of individuals should be of an exceptional nature, providing for the existence of a mechanism for judicial protection of the weak side, for example, in the form of an institution for consumer protection. It is a focused approach based on the additional role of the state that will improve the effectiveness of the dual-use goods regime, as well as eliminate archaic methods of legal regulation of the turnover of dual-use goods based on the permissive type of regulation. In that way, the system measures that allow integrating advanced technologies into the mechanism of dual-use goods regime include: - introduction of a risk-based approach in the export control system; - transition to the notification procedure for export control; - transition to automatic identification of dual-use goods; - creation of a unified technological platform for controlling the turnover of dual-use goods; - creating a virtual image of dual-use goods with the function of saving the history of their use; - chipping of dual-use goods; - use of distribution registers in transactions with dual-use goods.

EFFICIENCY OF USING ECONOMIC AND STATISTICAL METHODS IN ANALYSIS AND MANAGEMENT OF COMMODITY INVENTORIES

In the given article problems of stock management and procedure of carrying out the analysis of commodity stocks with use of economic and statistical methods at the trading enterprise were considered. Methods of economic and statistical research - the concept is very broad and has a wide range. This general term covers a range of modern scientific approaches, methods, tools, methods of measurement, formalized description, analysis and forecasting of economic phenomena and processes inherent in the financial, investment, tax system, and therefore in modern economic development, business activities of commercial enterprises , which must maintain competitiveness, reliable and profitable operation in the long run, largely depends on their ability to meet the needs of a personal nature, as modern consumers and have the ability to increase their own turnover. To achieve this goal, trading companies must be able to maintain the necessary turnover of goods, provide the necessary range and quality of inventories, to effectively control the use and management in this process, which ensures the profit and efficiency of the enterprise. Thus, the relevance lies in the answers to the following questions: How to skillfully implement the analysis of inventories and the effectiveness of their use in commercial enterprises, which will ensure effective control and management decisions in terms of this issue? affects the financial condition of commercial enterprises, because the presence or absence of stocks leads to both costs and revenues.

Маркетинг як інструмент управління платоспроможністю підприємств торгівлі

The article is aimed at studying marketing, marketing costs and marketing results, its modern instruments used in sales management, providing the achievement of the set goals, that is, meeting the need to generate income (profit) for the sale of goods and ensuring solvency of the enterprise. Marketing services, their importance for trade business in modern conditions of economic development are researched, as well as the main efficient marketing instruments are explored (marketing steps to increase sales), which are actively used by trading enterprises in the conditions of modernity. Significance of marketing, which served as the basis for the systematization of marketing costs in various forms of its organization, is considered. The indicators of performance, effectiveness and evaluation of marketing services (absolute amount of marketing costs, level of marketing costs, profitability of marketing costs, return to marketing costs on turnover of goods, pace of changes in marketing costs, absolute deviation of marketing costs, relative deviation of marketing costs) are generalized. The documentary registration of marketing services by groups (for the organization of marketing events and confirmation of the reality of incurring of costs) is summarized. The purpose, subject, object of marketing according to the managerial approach are defined and described in detail. The objects of marketing in solvency management are revenue centers (shops, other outlets and places of sale), wherein purchase, sale, and supplies are being materialized and positive factors for promoting customer needs, obtaining the highest trade income are being formed.

Customs Administration in Russia: State-of-the-Art Procedures to Be Followed

The Federal Customs Service of Russia declares the improvement in the quality of customs administration and reduction of the administrative burden on business through automation of registration and release of customs declarations filed by low-risk foreign trade operators (80% by 2020), enhancing foreign trade operator categorization by risk level. However, the main improvements in customs administration, enshrined in the government plans, retain the basic technologies and business processes unchanged, and thus preserve the main problems. As a result, Russia lags behind developed and some developing countries in international customs ratings. The article considers the most urgent problems in the customs sphere and presents proposals for their solution. We examine the problems of international transit related to the harmonization of customs documents and financial guarantees with countries involved in transit operations. The use of primary documents by economic operators, including the use of foreign electronic data, has been considered for electronic document circulation. With regard to non-tariff measures, the possibility of transferring control over compliance with technical regulation measures to domestic circulation is addressed. Another important issue is the possibility of introducing general financial guarantees in amounts adequate to non-payment risks. Big data involvement (producers, persons involved in the supply chain, goods turnover in the territory etc.) for risk management system development in the customs sphere is discussed. Conditions for the creation of consignment warehouses in Russia, for Internet shops in particular, are regarded as one of the important directions of foreign trade infrastructure development.

СОВЕРШЕНСТВОВАНИЕ АДМИНИСТРИРОВАНИЯ АКЦИЗНОГО НАЛОГООБЛОЖЕНИЯ «ВРЕДНЫХ ПРИВЫЧЕК»

The article deals with the administration of the so-called bad habits associated with the consumption of addictive goods, alcohol, tobacco products and nicotine substitutes. The most important role is assigned to control the possible concealment of the tax base and the turnover of excisable goods of these groups and measures to improve the efficiency of tax administration.

Внешняя торговля России с ЛКА: состояние и перспективы

This article provides an analysis of the dynamics of trade between Russia and the countries of Latin Caribbean America over the past 20 years and determines the direction of its development in the medium term. The paper identifies the coincidence of the trend of Russian goods turnover with Latin America with the general trend of its foreign trade, as well as the discrepancy in the dynamics of exports and imports. The role and place of this region and its individual countries in the structure of Russian foreign trade are defined. The author considers the dynamics and commodity structure of Russia's trade with the largest Latin American partners are analyzed. The most significant examples of the participation of Russian companies in projects for the development of national economies in the region are given. Promising areas of trade between Russia and Latin America are identified: high technology; energy, oil and mining equipment; supply of aircraft and helicopters; creation of a motor hub; railway construction; expansion of the supply of fertilizers and agricultural equipment.

Цифровизация мировой торговли: масштабы, формы, последствия

The authors undertake an in-depth analysis of how process of digitalization, namely, wide-scale introduction of powerful information and communication technologies, affects and redefines the international trade. It is pointed out that, according to fresh UN and WTO data, the scope of transborder deliveries within the segment of e-commerce is expanding at a noticeably faster pace than the traditional global trade. The increasing application of ICT-technologies significantly accelerates export and import transactions. This allows to significantly expand the range of participants in cross-border turnover of goods and services. Moreover, it makes possible to involve into this turnover the resources that had been traditionally considered as internationally non-tradable. Thus, new comparative advantages of trading nations are formed. Global trading platforms based on sophisticated Internet solutions have become particularly important due their convenience for involved parties. The sectoral composition of e-commerce is of special interest. Available statistics shows that B2B transactions noticeably prevail over B2C globally and in the leading trading nations. The only important exception from this general trend is presented by China, most possibly thanks to its huge 1.5 billion consumers’ domestic market. In addition to the many positive effects, the digitalization of trade poses a number of conceptual and practical problems. Concerning the theory, there are growing doubts in the analytical appropriateness of the gravity model that had been traditionally applied for explaining and predicting the geographical distribution of international trade flows. Within the modern global economy with its close digital connectivity and powerful transportation-logistic networks the trades can interact in the almost real-time mode. Respectively, the importance of geographical proximity factor seems to be fading away. In terms of practicalities, an major negative implication of digitalization is that it creates additional preconditions for the monopolization of trade exchange between countries by a handful of Big-tech companies. At last, the fundamental issues of regulating this new area of international cooperation need to be resolved. The governmental policies and rules should be adjusted to the ongoing digital transformations. First of all, this relates to the taxation of e-commerce. The temporary moratorium on imposition of import tariffs was adopted by WTO member-states in 1998 and extended in 2017. In the conditions of a virtual burst of B2B and B2C trade such an approach is increasingly disputed by developing countries. The issue needs to be resolved on a consensus basis. The adoption of recently proposed of Agreement on digital products and other services (ADPOS) may give the WTO a chance to revitalize its role in the global economy.

FEATURES MERCHANDISING RESEARCH OF MEDICAL GOODS

This article outlines the issues of conducting forensic examination of medical goods. Attention is focused on regulating the turnover and sale of such goods by relevant regulatory and technical documents. According to the results of expert practice, the need for the creation of the research work “Methodological recommendations for merchandising research of medical goods” was revealed.
 In order to optimize the work during the study, special attention is paid to the classification of goods. Despite the fact that the life and health of each of us depends on the safety and effectiveness of medical goods, the transparency and clarity of the settlement of legal relations in the production and circulation of these products guarantee its quality. Due to the imbalance of the economy, there is a cessation or a significant decrease in the volume of production of the pharmacy assortment, at the same time, the market is saturated with low-quality or counterfeit goods. The main areas of falsification: assortment, quality, value, quantitative, information. The careful application of merchandising analysis at all stages of product distribution, including when placing an order for a product, receiving it, evaluating it by quantity and quality, as well as when storing it in a pharmacy, pharmacy or medical treatment, can help eliminate or suspend these negative processes in practical pharmacy. preventive institution. Commodity analysis allows you to identify high-quality medical supplies by the organoleptic method, check their quantity, assortment accessories, evaluate their safety and the like. The following types of merchandising analysis are distinguished: documentary, qualitative, quantitative, assortment and complex. An integral part of any product is its labeling - a carrier of relevant information both about the product itself and about items related to its circulation. Starting January 1, 2019, mandatory marking was introduced using units of the International System (SI). Changes in the legislative framework regarding the taxation of medical goods affect their value.

Effects of Influence of Economic and Technological Development of IT Segment on Digital Transformation of Retail Trade

This paper presents the results of measuring intersectoral economic and technological effects, allowing to determine the degree of dependence between the segments that produce digital technologies and implement them. The basis for empirical calculations was the survey data of leaders among Russian IT companies and retail organizations on the current state of digital and business activity. The purpose of the work is to identify the presence and establish the strength of the relationship between these segments in terms of existing localized industry effects, expressed in the transfer of technology from the IT segment to retail. The authors of the work identified and tested several specific hypotheses, the general meaning of which was to suggest that retail trade in the current stage of economic development in Russia is susceptible to emerging trends in the rapidly changing IT services sector that can quickly and efficiently respond to the growth of the IT companies digital activity by increasing investments in digital technologies and increasing the intensity of their application in business processes. In particular, hypotheses were tested regarding the impact of business activity in the IT services segment on the growth of electronic commerce turnover, the use of online marketplaces, Big Data technologies, virtual and augmented reality technologies in retail trade organizations, as well as hypotheses suggesting a connection between the development of mobile applications in the IT segment and the use of mobile technologies, expectations regarding the growth of electronic goods turnover in retail organizations. The obtained results confirmed the majority of the hypotheses put forward, thereby supporting the authors’ general assumption about the existence of specific effects of the development of the IT segment on intersectoral technological transfers, revealed the existing specifics of penetration and spread of modern technological trends in trade, and also showed that the IT is currently important component in the process of digital transformation of Russian retail trade organizations.

Optimization of a communication model of customs bodies

The purpose of this article is to justify the need to develop a system for monitoring communications of the customs bodies of the Siberian region, which will serve as a key tool and help in solving the critical transport problem of the Siberian region related to expediting the goods turnover and logistics operations. The research methods used to achieve the stated objective are as follows: analysis of occurrence of emergency situations; description of the software analogs used in the EU countries. In this article, taking into account the created unified network of electronic customs offices and electronic declaration centers, the main communication problems during the information exchange between the customs bodies of the Siberian region are considered. The prerequisites for the development of domestic communication equipment along with the domestic software are provided. The main areas for the development of communication technologies, which can lead to their efficient operation and acceleration of the recording of emergency situations that arise when working with software, and the adoption of timely management decisions on these situations are defined. The typical requirements to the information and communication infrastructure of the customs bodies of the Siberian region are provided. Keeping track of the identified deficiencies will contribute to the efficient operation of the unified automated information system of the customs bodies and the reduction in the occurrence of emergency situations during operation of information and communication systems.

Implementation of Manufacturer and Reseller Interaction Models, Taking Into Account Advertising Costs

Establishing effective cooperation between the manufacturer and reseller as vertical marketing channel participants implies the effective mechanism for the development of the main strategies of their business behaviour, such as price and expenditure forming for the joint promotion of the product. This provides the manufacturer and reseller the ability to select the most appropriate business game scenarios to maximize their profits in the short and long-term perspectives. This issue is relevant in the practice of distribution channels functioning. The purpose of the study is defining the optimal parameters values of expenditure function reaction for the compatible advertising, which will help to maximize the profits of both distribution channel participants. The research takes into account the statistical analysis of empirical data, in particular, data on average monthly sales volumes, as well as retail price for the unit of the product of the manufacturer enterprise. Besides, the paper presents a numerical experiment on the possible values of the advertisement expenditures parameters’ function, calculated on the basis of effectively selected range and step change. It was mathematically substantiated and defined the solutions of Stackelberg's business game, which implies functioning of the manufacturer equilibrium. A numerical experiment was conducted to maximize the possibilities of the manufacturer’s profitability features, reseller and marketing channel from the point of pricing strategies formation, and expenditure strategies for joint advertising of the both participants of the goods turnover channel. Stakelberg's variant of a business game is found to be optimal for the manufacturer, in which the percentage of its participation in the reseller’s expenditures on the joint advertising is non-zero. The obtained results can be the initial information base to form recommendations on possibilities of Stakelberg’s business game application in comparison with other variants of theoretical and game models of marketing channels’ participants interaction.

Making Warehouse Logistics Smart by Effective Placement Strategy Based on Genetic Algorithms

Abstract Supply chain executives are faced with the challenge of reducing labor costs. Travel time or picking efficiency can easily account for 50% or more of order picking time. If we omit human factor and the technical equipment of the warehouses, picking efficiency is mostly affected by two factors: correct combining orders into a single travel instance and picking orders in batch is the first factor; the second one is a goods placement – the more effective the goods are located, the shorter will be the picking distance for each order or batch of orders. It means that individual orders will be picked faster. Usually to determine the correct location for the goods 3PL’s are using ABC analysis that includes indicators like count of orders, goods turnover, picking rate, weight etc. There are also more complicated indicators like goods adjacency. Such indicators are harder to take into account using ABC analysis, as it requires sophisticated analysis of customer orders. In recent publication goods placing by results of ABC analysis was compared to the genetic algorithm approach. It was showed that genetic algorithm much more effective for goods placing. The goal of this paper is to improve developed genetic algorithm and include in calculations factors of the labor costs and warehouse topology. These factors will make algorithm usable in real warehouses and WMS (warehouse management system) information systems.

Current State and Prospects of Russia – China Trade Development in the BRICS Format

Motivation: The substantiation of the scientific problem and the practical value of the study are determined by the enhanced cooperation of the BRICS countries, in particular the growing weight of Russia and China on the world stage. The main objective of the study: is to analyze the problems of the development of bilateral trade between China and Russia and to provide a statistically proven forecast for this trade for 2019-2020, as well as to develop recommendations for the improvement of bilateral trade relations. Novelty: The author’s statistical model was developed and its testing was presented through confirming the 24-month forecast of bilateral trade between Russia and China. The model involves solving various problems of bilateral trade. Recommendations for improvement of bilateral trade relations are proposed through formation of an investment and innovation model of bilateral trade. Methodology and Methods: The work used the method of forecasting time series, which suggested the use of a model to predict future values based on previously observed values. To evaluate the modern prospects of the trade between the countries, the authors produced a forecast of the goods turnover trend for 2019-2020. The forecast was issued via the software tool Statgraphics Centurion 18. A reasonable model of the 24-month forecast based on the statistical model Random Walk is developed. The adequacy of the proposed forecast model was subjected to statistical tests. To verify the statistical adequacy of the model the relevant tests were done to determine the compliance of the model with the informational criteria ME (Mean Error), MSE (Mean Squared Error), МРЕ (Mean Absolute Error), МРРЕ (Mean Absolute Percentage Error), МРЕ (Mean Percentage Error). However, it should be noted that the forecast was issued in accordance with the trends which had been identified in the preceding periods. Data and empirical analysis: The factors influencing bilateral trade are analyzed, as well as examples of implemented projects of international cooperation between Russia and China are presented. The current dynamics of sales turnover between Russia and China for the period of 2010-2018 with the use of various statistical and analytical methods is studied, and a reasonable model of the 24-month forecast based on the statistical model Random Walk is developed. The adequacy of the proposed forecast model was subjected to statistical tests. The basic hypothesis is suggested for the upward trend based on reference time series. Policy considerations: It can be said with certainty that the level of technological development of BRICS countries will help Russia and China to start building their cooperation in many fields at a completely new level, taking into account their joint experience in overcoming global crises and Western sanctions. International cooperation between Russia and China in the innovation field will help them unite their efforts and achieve significant synergy. Coordination of countries on this issue will help to reduce production costs, cooperation of production, joint research and development, as well as increase bilateral trade turnover.

Integrating truck and workforce scheduling in a cross-dock: analysis of different workforce coordination policies

Cross-docking is a logistics concept that aims at the realization of a fast turnover of goods at minimum stock levels. To achieve these goals, the shipments at the terminal must be synchronized, i.e., the sequence in which the trucks are processed at the dock doors needs to be determined. The resulting truck schedules influence the internal cross-docking processes. Since cross-docking operations are labor intensive and personnel costs are high, efficient truck and workforce schedules help to reduce costs. We propose an optimization model, which integrates the planning tasks of truck and workforce scheduling in a cross-dock for a single working day. More precisely, based on the demand derived from the trucks’ schedules, the model allocates the workers to specific shifts and tasks. We assume that the workforce consists of permanent and temporary workers. Due to the short planning horizon, the number of permanent workers is fixed, while temporary workers can be requested daily from an external personnel service provider. Thus, the model’s goal is the minimization of the costs for engaging temporary workers. We extend prior works by explicitly integrating daily working hour regulations and different workforce coordination policies. To evaluate these policies we generate test instances and solve them using a standard solver. Despite the test cases’ limited size, we are able to gain managerial insights concerning the applicability of the policies under different organizational circumstances. We show that particularly in systems with peak demands and in the case of stackable pallets, more inflexible polices become advisable.