Good Weather Resistance Research Articles

Study on the Properties of Thermoplastic Resin-Based Carbon Fiber Composites Based on the Wrapping Method in the Art Design of Seating

The diglyceryl phthalate epoxy resin contains a benzene ring in its molecular structure, and its molecular weight is small. In addition to the generality of epoxy resins, it also has the advantages of low viscosity, moderate reactivity, high adhesion, good compatibility, excellent electrical insulation and ultra-low temperature, and good weather resistance. It has good adhesion with carbon fiber, and it is suitable to make carbon fiber composite material. Based on this background, this article mainly focuses on the seat art design, and uses the wrapping method to analyze the preparation of the carbon fiber composite resin matrix. The optimal reaction conditions are determined by changing the reaction during the preparation of the thermoplastic resin matrix. / PA = 1.9, esterification time 120min, cyclization time 70min, reaction temperature 110 °C, amount of promoter water 6g, concentration of cyclizing agent sodium hydroxide solution 30%. The resin synthesized in this case is a light-yellow transparent liquid with an epoxy value of 0.51 (mol / 100g).

Research Progress of Biodegradable Polyester Polyols Based on Ring-Opening Polymerization of Cyclohexene Carbonate

The polycarbonate polyols(PCD) obtained by ring-opening polymerization of a general cyclic monomer is mostly a linear flexible structure, which is used as a raw material to synthesize polyurethanes, and it is difficult to simultaneously ensure good thermal-mechanical properties and weather resistance due to insufficient rigidity of the main chain. However, PCD based on ring-opening polymerization of cyclohexene carbonate (CHC), endowing with polyurethanes good mechanical properties, weather ability and biological stability because of the rigid structure of six-membered aliphatic rings in the main chain. Therefore, in this paper, the method and principle of preparing new polycarbonate polyols based on ring-opening polymerization of cyclohexene carbonate (CHC) are introduced. And the problems and countermeasures in its development and its application in polyurethane materials are discussed.

Study of TiO2-Modified Sol Coating Material in the Protection of Stone-Built Cultural Heritage

Coating materials can effectively protect stone-built cultural heritage and, as such, research into coating materials has gained comprehensive attention from researchers. The aim of this work is to prepare a TiO2-modified sol coating material (TSCM) and study its protective effects on stone-built cultural heritage. TSCM and pure TiO2 sol (p-sol, unmodified; for comparison) were applied evenly over the entire surface of stone samples. The prepared stone samples included untreated stone, stone treated with pure sol, and stone treated with TSCM. The protective effects of TSCM were evaluated by water absorption, water vapor permeability, acid resistance, and weather resistance experiments. The results show that stone treated with TSCM has excellent water absorption and water vapor permeability, strong acid resistance, and good weather resistance, compared with untreated stone or stone treated with p-sol. The acid resistance of stone treated by TSCM was 1.75 times higher than that treated with traditional coating materials. The weather resistance cycle number of stone treated by TSCM was four times higher than that treated with organic protective materials. These findings are expected to provide useful suggestions for the protection of stone-built cultural heritage.

Action Mechanism of Sticky Rice-Paste-Modified Site Soil: A Traditional Chinese Cementitious Material

ABSTRACTSticky rice paste is a viscous material commonly used in traditional Chinese construction. It has the basic properties of high viscosity and viscoelasticity, good corrosion and weather resistance, and a small coefficient of expansion. Sticky rice paste is usually added to site soils to modify their basic physical and mechanical properties. This study found that gelatinized sticky rice-paste-modified site soils have clearly improved physical and mechanical properties compared to 20 and 100°C water-modified soils when 1% (wt%) sticky rice paste is added as the soil modifier. The liquid and plastic limits, and the plastic index of the soil are improved upon modification, to 27.4, 17.7, and 9.7%, respectively. The unconfined compressive strength and hydraulic conductivity were significantly increased and reduced, respectively. In addition, there was a reduction in the rate of disintegration by water, while the water resistance of the soil was improved. X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared, and thermogravimetry/differential scanning calorimetry studies reveal that the improved properties arise through physical processes between the sticky rice paste and the soil. Scanning electron microscopy reveals that dispersed branched-chain sticky rice-paste molecules extensively infiltrate the surfaces of the soil particles on the nanoscale and become attached to them to form a good adhesive colloid that solidifies the soil particles after water evaporation, resulting in a compact structure.

Survey and restoration of outdoor glass reinforced polyester sculptures

Abstract The beginning of the use of polyester resins for artistic work date back to the late 1950s. Initially, resins were supposed to temporarily replace and imitate traditional but more expensive sculptural materials (stone, bronze). Later, original, especially fiberglass works were created, where the laminate formed a shell connected to the internal supporting steel structure. Until now, only part of the exterior works of art made of polyester resins have been survived. Although polyester resins are considered to have good weather resistance, most exterior sculptures exhibit more or less severe defects, often resulting from neglected maintenance. The main types of defects occurring in polyester fiberglass works are presented. The most serious damage is cracks in the entire thickness of the shell, because water can easily penetrate to the internal steel structure. In the case of prolonged water penetration, the statue may collapse due to corrosion. The article presents the procedure of exploring the fiberglass sculpture from the 1950s with the introduction of suitable methods for the documentation of the state of the work. Finally, suitable restoration interventions to maximize the life of the statues are discussed.

Assessment of NR/EPDM Blend Ratio using Graphical Method

In this proposed work, Natural Rubber (NR) and Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer (EPDM) are blended using Graphical method in 50:50 ratio. The blends are characterized by electrical characteristics like surface resistivity, arc resistance and mechanical properties such as comparative tracking index, elongation at break and tensile strength as per standard ASTM and IEC. Graphical method type of blending overcomes the drawback of Optimal Blend Ratio (OBR) which gives an approximate solution. The composite blended gives good electrical, mechanical characteristics with good weathering resistance.

Waterborne bio-based epoxy coatings for the corrosion protection of metallic substrates

Corrosion of engineering metals and alloys poses a threat to the safety and reliability of engineering structures. In this work, an environmentally-friendly hydrophobic coating was developed based on a bio-based epoxy with addition of nanoparticles, a silane coupling agent (3-glycidyloxypropyl) trimethoxysilane (GLYMO), and a hydrophobic curing agent. This coating was applied onto Fe substrates via spin-coating. The water contact angle of ˜153.0° and sliding angle of ˜14.3° were obtained for an optimal coating with 25.0 wt.% nanoparticles loading. The prepared coating exhibited high hydrophobic performance when immersed in water and common solvents including ethanol and acetone for 48 h. Besides, after exposure to continuous cycles of UV irradiation and water condensation for 24 h, this optimal coating was able to retain a high hydrophobicity at contact angle of ˜142.7°, indicating its good weathering resistance. Furthermore, the electrochemical measurements demonstrated that the optimized coating displayed a 2-orders-of-magnitude reduction in its corrosion current density and a positive shift of 0.344 V in its corrosion potential. The corresponding inhibition efficiency was 93.75%. The adsorption energy and diffusion coefficient were calculated using molecules dynamic simulation to further understand the corrosion inhibition behavior at the molecular scale. This green and bio-based water-repellent epoxy coating holds great potential towards corrosion inhibition for other metallic structures in harsh working environment.

PENELITIAN PENAMBAHAN BAHAN LIMBAH TETES TEBU DARI PABRIK GULA MERITJAN PADA CAMPURAN ASPAL BETON

Asphalt concrete as a material for road construction has long been known and used widely in road construction. Its use in Indonesia is increasing from year to year. This is because asphalt concrete has several advantages compared to other materials, including a relatively lower price than concrete, its ability to support high vehicle weight loads, and can be made from locally available materials and has good resistance to weather. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of add sugarcane waste as a concrete asphalt mixture and look for out what percentage of the mixture of molasses waste on asphalt concrete to reach the optimum point. From the calculation of the addition of molasses to the concrete asphalt mixture with levels of 5%, 10%, and 15% yield Marshall Quotient (MQ), namely 395 kg / mm, 293 kg / mm, and 817 kg / mm. From these results, it can be concluded that the addition of molasses with a variation of 15% has an optimal result compared to 5%, 10% addition of molasses.Aspal beton sebagai bahan untuk konstruksi jalan sudah lama dikenal dan digunakan secara luas dalam pembuatan jalan. Penggunaannya pun di Indonesia dari tahun ke tahun makin meningkat. Hal ini disebabkan aspal beton mempunyai beberapa kelebihan dibanding dengan bahan-bahan lain, diantaranya harganya yang relatif lebih murah dibanding beton, kemampuannya dalam mendukung beban berat kendaraan yang tinggi dan dapat dibuat dari bahan-bahan lokal yang tersedia dan mempunyai ketahanan yang baik terhadap cuaca. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan bahan limbah tetes tebu sebagai bahan campuran pada aspal beton dan Mengetahui berapa persentase campuran limbah tetes tebu pada aspal beton agar mencapai titik optimum. Dari hasil perhitungan penambahan tetes tebu pada campuran aspal beton dengan kadar 5%, 10% dan 15% menghasilkan Marshall Quotient (MQ) yaitu antara lain 395 kg/mm, 293 kg/mm, dan 817 kg/mm. Dari hasil tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa penambahan tetes tebu dengan variasi 15% memiliki hasil yang optimal dibandikan dengan 5%, 10% penambahan tetes tebu.

Study on Preparation and Properties of Rubber Blends Based on Nitrile Butadiene Rubber and Chloroprene Rubber

In this work, nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR)/chloroprene rubber (CR) blends were prepared and investigated. The results showed that NBR and CR in the NBR/CR (50/50) blend were partially compatible. This blend had a relatively regular and compact structure, which improved the mechanical properties as well as the weather resistance, thermal stability, and oil, grease resistances. At the DLH compatibilizer content of 1% (made from Cashew nut shell liquid) or D01 (made from Tung oil), the materials possess better mechanical and physical properties due to much more regular and compact structure. NBR/CR blends can be potential materials for industrial applications which demand high oil and grease resistance and good weather resistance as well as good thermal stability.

A study on the characteristics and microstructures of GGBS/FA based geopolymer paste and concrete

Abstract The purpose of this study is to focus on the durability of geopolymer concrete after nine months of an indoor and outdoor curing period. The geopolymer paste was prepared with fly ash and ground granulated blast furnace slag as raw materials and sodium silicate/sodium aluminate as an alkali activator. The geopolymer concrete was prepared with a 1:2.5:2.4 geopolymer:sand:gravel ratio. The influence of sodium aluminate, wollastonite additions and NaOH concentration on the microstructure, physical and mechanical properties were evaluated. The compressive strength of the geopolymer concrete can reach 67 MPa and 53 MPa after 180 days of indoor and outdoor curing, respectively. Rapid Chloride Ion Permeability Test (RCPT) shows the geopolymer concrete has excellent chloride resistance over prolonged curing time. After 180 days of accelerated wetting-drying cycles, the continued growth of compressive strength indicates the good weathering resistance of geopolymer concrete. According to the test results obtained during this study, the geopolymer has a high potential to be a key material for civil construction.

Scratch Hardness Properties of Waste Palm Cooking Oil Based Polycaprolactone Urethane Coatings

Polyurethane has been widely used in various coating industries due to its good weathering resistance, promising appearance, excellent elasticity and good mechanical properties. The present work reports the development of polycaprolactone urethane coatings based on waste palm cooking oil (WPCO). WPCO was recycled to synthesis polycaprolactone (PCL) polyol using two-steps methods; transesterification and ring opening polymerization with various ratios of ε-CL to WPCO based polyesteramide. The WPCO based PCL polyols were reacted with isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) to produce polycaprolactone urethane coatings. FTIR analyses were employed to confirm the formation of polyols and the scratch resistance properties of coatings were characterized by scratch hardness testing. The results revealed that the scratch resistance of polycaprolactone urethane coatings increased by increasing the ε-CL composition in the formulation.

Research on Digital Camouflage Design and Camouflage Material of Tent Cloth

Abstract Aiming at the distortion of texture details in Digital Camouflage design, as well as the poor camouflage performance, fast fading and short life of camouflage tent cloth, this paper presents a design method of Digital Camouflage based on target background, develops a camouflage coating with good weather resistance, color difference and spectral reflectance meeting the limited requirements, and realizes the paint printing of camouflage tent cloth. The results show that the digital camouflage pattern designed by this method can be printed on the surface of camouflage tent cloth by coating printing process, which can effectively change the original contour of the target tent, make it better integrate with the surrounding background, reduce the probability of detection, and achieve good camouflage effect.

Photothermal-Induced Self-Healable and Reconfigurable Shape Memory Bio-Based Elastomer with Recyclable Ability.

Photothermal-induced self-healable and shape memory materials have drawn much attention due to the rapidly growing technical applications and environmental requirements. As epoxy natural rubber (ENR) is a kind of bio-based elastomer with good mechanical properties, weather resistance, and air impermeability, it is of great significance to incorporate ENR with recyclable, photothermal-induced self-healable and shape memory properties. In this study, we report a simple method to cross-link ENR with dodecanedioic acids (DAs) through esterification reaction, and during the cross-linking process, a little aniline trimer (ACAT, a kind of oligoaniline) was added at the same time. Then, the ENR-DA-ACAT vitrimers that were covalently cross-linked with recyclable, self-healable, and multiple responsive properties were obtained, which also possessed various functions. As a result of the transesterification reactions at elevated temperatures, the ENR-based vitrimers possess the ability to be reprocessed and self-healed, and the mechanical properties could be maintained even after three consecutive breaking/mold pressing cycles. Besides, the vitrimer is also responsive to near-infrared (NIR) light and pH with the introduction of ACAT, and we also find that ACAT can be used as a catalyst to accelerate the transesterification reaction. Moreover, it is demonstrated that the ENR-DA-ACAT vitrimer could also be used to construct the reconfigurable shape memory polymer; the shape fixing ratio and shape recovery ratio are both above 95% in the reconfiguration process, and the multistage shape memory performance can also be achieved by NIR irradiation, which will potentially lead to a wide application for ENR in the field of actuators.

Designing an elastomeric polyurethane coating with enhanced mechanical and self-healing properties: The influence of disulfide chain extender

Polyurethane has been widely used in various coating industries due to its good weathering resistance, promising appearance, excellent elasticity and good mechanical properties. However, most of the polyurethanes are elastomeric and show poor resistance to mechanical damages. Efforts have been made to design polyurethanes with proper self-healing properties. In this study the self-healable polyurethanes and polyurethane-ureas coatings were prepared using hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene, three functional amino alcohols as cross-linker and disulfide containing compounds as a chain extender and healing agents. The mechanical and healing properties of the coatings were optimized to achieve the highest recovery properties. For this purpose, dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) and tensile test were employed. The results revealed that using 0.8 equivalent of 2-hydroxyethyl disulfide as chain extender besides of using 0.15 equivalent of the triethanol amine as cross-linker in the polymer matrix led to the maximum recovery ability. Maintaining to about 41% of fresh polymer strength and healing of the scratch were established as a result of using the optimized contents of components. Also, tensile test results revealed that the tensile strength increased by performing the thiol-ene side reactions in PU matrix which increased the cross-linking density and decreased the healing ability due to the elimination of the metathesis reaction source.

Weather resistance of CaSO4 ⋅ 1/2H2O-based sand-fixation material

Searching for an economical and effective sand-fixing material and technology is of great importance in Northwest China. This paper described the use of a semihydrated gypsum-(CaSO4 ⋅ 1/2H2O-)based composite as a sand-fixing material. Its morphology and composition were characterized by SEM, and its water resistance, freezing–thawing resistance and wind erosion resistance were tested in the field. The results indicated that semihydrated gypsum-(CaSO4 ⋅ 1/2H2O-)based sand-fixing composite has good water resistance and water-holding capacity. Its strength is maintained at 1.42 MPa after 50 freezing and thawing cycles, and its wind erosion increases with increasing wind speed and slope. Its compressive strength starts to decrease after nine months of field tests with no change in appearance, but it still satisfies the requirements of fixation technology. This sand-fixing material should have wide application owing to its good weather resistance.

Design of polymeric composite materials for coatings and sealants with increased weather resistance

In order to develop polymeric composite materials (PCM) for coatings and sealants with good weather resistance and physical and mechanical properties, the object of research is oligomeric composition based on hydrogenated oligobutadienedions with finite hydroxyl groups. The main disadvantage of oligobutadienedion-based compositions is unsatisfactory chemical resistance to air, due to the presence of double bonds in the polymer chain. In order to maximize eliminate the main disadvantage, it is decided to use oligomers that are subjected to partial hydrogenation. It is revealed that GI oligomers can be considered as binding bases of mortarless elastomeric compositions for coatings and sealants with good weather resistance due to the low viscosity and sufficiently small unsaturation values. Analysis of the kaolin effect as a filler on structural and mechanical properties of GI oligomers is determines that due to the low structural viscosity of GI oligomers for practical use as a binding PCM bases, it is necessary further inject the structuring additives into them, for example – Aerosil. The presence of hydroxyl groups makes it possible to perform composition structuring using diisocyanates at room temperature to obtain ozone resistant sealants and protective coatings. It is determined that the coatings, derived from kaolin-filled (20 % wt.) and aerosil (5 % wt.) GI oligomer, are characterized by high adhesion to steel Ст3, more than 5 MPa for separation, without the use of primers and adhesives.

Fabrication of polysiloxane-modified polyurethane sponge as low-cost organics/water separation and selective absorption material.

Through sol-gel and dip-coating processes, commercial polyurethane sponge modified by polysiloxane was fabricated under low temperature (60 °C) and atmosphere. The contact angle of the obtained polysiloxane/polyurethane sponge is 145 ± 5°. Hence, the polysiloxane/polyurethane sponge could float on water and selectively absorb organics from the surface of the water, indicating simultaneous properties of hydrophobicity and oleophilicity. The absorbent maximum value is 50-150 times of its own weight. The polysiloxane/polyurethane sponge exhibited excellent recyclability, which could be reused by squeezing the sponge due to its high mechanical stability and flexibility. Thermogravimetry-differential thermal analysis test indicated that the polysiloxane/polyurethane sponge exhibited good thermal stability and the stable contact angle of samples tested under increasing temperature indicated its good weather resistance. Due to the commercial property of polyurethane sponge and easy-handling of polysiloxane, the polysiloxane/polyurethane sponge can be easily scaled up to recover a large-area oil spill in water and further work based on the designed equipment has been under consideration.

Novel high solid content Nano Siliconated poly (VeoVa-acrylate) Terpolymer latex for high performance latex paints

In view of good water repellency, weather resistance, and thermal stability of emulsion lattices, the present work aimed to prepare modified polyacrylate-based lattices containing silicone polymer, therefore, a conventional seeded emulsion polymerization was prepared by K2S2O8-initiation and by core/shell technique of three monomers namely MMA, BuA, and VeoVa-10, and a silicone monomer, namely, vinyltrimethoxy silane (VTMS). As a result, stable modified polyacrylate-based lattices with improved physico-mechanical properties were obtained. The effect of the VeoVa-10 and silane monomers content on the properties of the resulting emulsion lattices and their corresponding films were investigated and achieved enhanced and excellent properties. Characterization of the prepared emulsions was performed using e.g. IR, TEM, SEM, thermal analysis. The VeoVa-10 and VTMS amount has a great influence on the properties of the resulting lattices and their corresponding films. The novel waterborne poly (VeoVa-acrylate) Terpolymer latex containing silicone are characteristic of lower surface tension and better film properties such as improved thermal stability and enhanced water resistance.In addition, evaluation of the novel high solid content Nano Siliconated poly (VeoVa-acrylate) Terpolymer latex as a binder in waterborne house-hold paints was carried out. The results indicated high performance paint films with excellent physico-mechanical properties and good water and weather resistance for exterior and interior house-hold walls.

Construction material properties of slag from the high temperature arc gasification of municipal solid waste

Slag from the high temperature arc gasification (HTAG) of municipal solid waste (MSW) was tested to evaluate its material properties with respect to use as a construction aggregate. These data were compared to previously compiled values for waste to energy bottom ash, the most commonly produced and beneficially used thermal treatment residue. The slag was tested using gradations representative of a base course and a course aggregate. Los Angeles (LA) abrasion testing demonstrated that the HTAG slag had a high resistance to fracture with a measured LA loss of 24%. Soundness testing indicated a low potential for reactivity and good weathering resistance with a mean soundness loss of 3.14%. The modified Proctor compaction testing found the slag to possess a maximum dry density (24.04kN/m3) greater than conventionally used aggregates and WTE BA. The LBR tests demonstrated a substantial bearing capacity (>200). Mineralogical analysis of the HTAG suggested the potential for self cementing character which supports the elevated LBR results. Preliminary material characterization of the HTAG slag establishes potential for beneficial use; larger and longer term studies focusing on the material’s possibility for swelling and performance at the field scale level are needed.

Sustainable composite materials based on ethylene-vinylacetate copolymer and organo-modified silica

AbstractSilica nanoparticles (SNPs) were modified by different amounts of 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES). Nanocomposites based on ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) and modified SNP (m-SNP) were prepared by the melt mixing method. They were characterized by Haake torque measurement, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), horizontal burning test, scanning electron microscopy. Accelerated weather testing of the nanocomposites was performed according to ASTM D4329 (cycle A) for 168 h. The Haake torque indicates that the relative melt viscosity of EVA/m-SNPs is slightly higher than that of EVA/SNP nanocomposites. The DSC and burning test results show that m-SNPs decrease crystallinity degree and flammability of EVA. After accelerated weather testing, the relative amount of C=O groups in EVA/m-SNP nanocomposites is lower than that in EVA/SNP nanocomposites. Micro crack of EVA/m-SNP nanocomposite is smaller than that of EVA/SNP nanocomposite. In our study, the EVA/m-SNP nanocomposites with good tensile properties, flame and weather resistance can be used as sustainable materials in some technique fields.