Abstract
Coating materials can effectively protect stone-built cultural heritage and, as such, research into coating materials has gained comprehensive attention from researchers. The aim of this work is to prepare a TiO2-modified sol coating material (TSCM) and study its protective effects on stone-built cultural heritage. TSCM and pure TiO2 sol (p-sol, unmodified; for comparison) were applied evenly over the entire surface of stone samples. The prepared stone samples included untreated stone, stone treated with pure sol, and stone treated with TSCM. The protective effects of TSCM were evaluated by water absorption, water vapor permeability, acid resistance, and weather resistance experiments. The results show that stone treated with TSCM has excellent water absorption and water vapor permeability, strong acid resistance, and good weather resistance, compared with untreated stone or stone treated with p-sol. The acid resistance of stone treated by TSCM was 1.75 times higher than that treated with traditional coating materials. The weather resistance cycle number of stone treated by TSCM was four times higher than that treated with organic protective materials. These findings are expected to provide useful suggestions for the protection of stone-built cultural heritage.
Highlights
The information recorded by stone-built cultural heritage is very valuable in the study of a country’s history
The results suggest that TiO2 -modified sol coating material (TSCM) has excellent water absorption, water vapor permeability, acid resistance, and weather resistance
Pinho reported that the additive amount of TiO2 nanoparticles has an important effect on the transparency of TSCM; too much resulted in reduced transparency, while too little resulted in a poor protective effect [28]
Summary
The information recorded by stone-built cultural heritage is very valuable in the study of a country’s history. Stone-built cultural heritage exposed to weather conditions can be damaged by acid rain corrosion [1,2,3,4], industrial pollution [5,6], microbial erosion [7,8], and soluble salt crystallization [9]. Coating stone is an effective way to protect stone-built cultural relics from damage [10]. Organic coating materials have demonstrated excellent hydrophobicity, weather resistance, acid resistance, and salt corrosion resistance [12,13,14]; they can turn yellow, age, and show other negative effects on cultural heritage, reducing the protection timespan [15]. Inorganic coating materials have good compatibility with stone, improving its permeability, aging resistance, and service life [16], but may form a hard shell on the surface of the stone, which can damage or destroy its surface [17]
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