The long-term use temperature of the traditional high-temperature adhesive can only reach about 280 °C, and it cannot be used in extreme environments such as acid and alkali for a long time, which greatly limits its application in aerospace and other fields. Because of its unique three-dimensional structure, carborane has excellent thermal stability and chemical stability. Based on this, first, this article introduced carborane monomer into polyurethane structure, using indirect copolymerization method, Hydroxyl carborane derivative (m8) and conventional polyether diols were used as soft segments. By adjusting the introduction ratio of m8, a series of copolymerized carborane polyurethane (Co-CBR-PU) with controllable thermal and mechanical properties were successfully prepared. Its structure and molecular weight were characterized by FTIR and gel permeation chromatography (GPC), its surface morphology were observed by SEM. The thermal stability and mechanical properties were studied by thermogravimetric test, tensile test and rheological dynamic mechanical analysis test., and its activity, solvent resistance and hydrophobic properties were studied by finger contact method, solvent resistance test and contact Angle test. Second, the high temperature resistant carborane polyurethane adhesive (PUAS) was prepared using Co-CBR-PU as matrix and its adhesion was studied. The results show that a series of Co-CBR-PU has good high temperature resistance, mechanical properties and solvent resistance after adding carborane monomer, and its various properties were optimal when the addition amount of m8 was 15 wt%. The carborane PUAS prepared by using it as the substrate has excellent high temperature adhesion to different adhesive parts. The aim of this study is to reduce the cost of synthesis of carborane polyurethane by regulating the proportion of carborane, and then realize the industrial trial production of high temperature resistant carborane adhesive.