Good Sleep Hygiene Research Articles

0092 Barriers and facilitators of sleep health in family caregivers of persons living with dementia: A qualitative study

Abstract Introduction Family caregivers of persons with dementia (PLwD) commonly report poor sleep health. Existing effects of sleep interventions are mixed and may not have addressed unique issues experienced by caregivers of PLwD. Understanding the barriers and facilitators to get a good night's sleep for these caregivers is imperative for developing acceptable and effective interventions to improve sleep health in this population. Methods This was a secondary data analysis that used a qualitative descriptive design and aimed to explore sleep characteristics and experiences in family caregivers of PLwD. The current study used the same study design to explore barriers and facilitators of good sleep. Using a semi-structured interview, 19 family caregivers of PLwD who provided unpaid caregiving > 4 hours a day with insomnia symptoms (Insomnia Severity Index > 5) participated in this study. Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Codes and themes were identified. Results Caregivers, on average, were 64 years old and primarily female (57.9%), Caucasian (68.4%), and spouses (78.9%). In general, caregivers of PLwD reported that the caregiving role negatively influenced and changed their sleep. Themes associated with barriers to good sleep included 1) PLwD’s sleep problems, including a need for increased vigilance for the PLwD, 2) stress associated with balancing work and family responsibilities with caregiving, and 3) caregiver's sleep problems, such as the use of CPAP, having a history of sleep problems before the caregiving role, and changes of sleep patterns with aging. Participating in regular exercise and practicing mindfulness activities (e.g., breathing, meditation or yoga) were themes associated with facilitators of good sleep. Maintaining good sleep hygiene habits (e.g., no caffeine and no daytime naps) and avoiding bad sleep hygiene habits (e.g., watching TV in the bedroom or using an electronic device in bed) were also identified as facilitators of good sleep. Conclusion Caregivers of PLwD reported poor sleep but identified multiple modifiable factors that could be used for interventions to improve sleep. These interventions can be at individual, dyadic, or family levels to best impact caregivers’ sleep. Support (if any) This study was supported by a research supplement to support diversity in health-related research awarded to Glenna Brewster (R01AG054079, PIs: Hepburn/Griffiths)

Review of Risk Factors Associated With Biomarkers for Alzheimer Disease.

BACKGROUND: Alzheimer disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease with no cure. The number of individuals living with AD doubles every 5 years. The current clinical practice relies on clinical history, mental status tests, cerebrum imaging, and physical and neurological examinations; however, recent advances in the field of biomarkers have provided clues for the early detection of AD. High levels of tau and low levels of amyloid-β (Aβ) in cerebrospinal fluid are well-known biomarkers for AD. METHODS: A database search of PubMed, Ovid MEDLINE, and CINAHL was conducted to identify relevant articles published within the last 5 years. The search was limited to articles concerning adults 65 years or older and published in the English language. Twelve articles were included in the review. RESULTS: Risk factors of sleep disruption, depression, and motor function are implicated. Cerebrospinal fluid parameters for biomarkers of tau and Aβ were universally lower among Blacks compared with Whites, raising concern that norm reference may not be accurate for all populations. Older adults are more at risk for AD. Results are inconclusive regarding whether depression is related to Aβ and tau pathology. CONCLUSION: Nurses should screen for sleep architecture, depression, and motor function in their patients and educate them on good sleep hygiene. Sleep studies should be advocated for people with suspected sleep apnea to mitigate the risk factor related to abnormal Aβ and tau pathology. Falls and decreased motor function require screening because they may be early indicators of abnormal biomarkers leading to AD.

The Correlation of Sleep Quality and Cognitive Function In Students Of the Faculty Medicine during the Covid-19 Pandemic

<div><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="left"><tbody><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><p><em>Sleep deprivation often occurs in those who live in social situations and lifestyles that support the occurrence of these conditions, for example in people who have a large workload or academic demands, including medical students. Moreover, the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic since 2020 has made various universities suspend face-to-face learning which has an impact on increasing assignment assignments. This study aims to determine the relationship between sleep quality and cognitive function in the Class of 2020-2021 Students of the Faculty of Medicine of Tarumanagara University during the COVID-19 pandemic. The research method used is an analytical observational study using a cross-sectional analysis design. Data was collected online through filling out the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Indonesian-language Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA-INA) questionnaires by respondents during the period of December 2021 to May 2022. The results of the study obtained 249 respondents, of which 159 respondents had poor sleep quality (63.9%). Poor sleep quality was more commonly found in respondents in the age group of 20-22 years (67.2%), female gender (68.2%), group with history of routine drug consumption (88.2%), and history of consuming caffeinated drinks >2x/day (76.3%). There is a significant relationship between sleep quality and cognitive function in the Class of 2020-2021 Students of the Faculty of Medicine of Tarumanagara University during the COVID-19 pandemic (RR=6.575, p<0.0001) as a conclusion. It is hoped that the results of this study can serve as educational material and reference especially for university students so that they can apply good sleep hygiene practices to optimize sleep quality and cognitive function.</em></p><p><em> </em></p><p><strong><em> </em></strong></p></td></tr></tbody></table></div><strong><em>Keywords: COVID-19, PSQI, MoCA-INA</em></strong>

Sleep Hygiene Practices and Its Impact on Mental Health and Functional Performance Among Adults in Tabuk City: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background Poor or imperfect sleep hygiene practices include all factors that promote arousal or disrupt the normal balance of the sleep-wake cycle. It is necessary to clarify the relationship between sleep hygiene behaviors and a person's mental health. This may allow a better understanding of this problem and might help design effective awareness programs about good sleep hygiene practices for reducing the serious outcomes of this problem. Therefore, the current study was conducted to evaluate sleep hygiene practices and assess the impact of sleep hygiene on sleep quality and the mental health of the adult population of Tabuk city, Saudi Arabia. Methodology This cross-sectional, survey-based study was conducted in Tabuk city, Saudi Arabia in 2022. All adult residents of Tabuk city, Saudi Arabia were invited to participate. Participants with incomplete data were excluded from the study. A self-administered questionnaire was developed by the researchers to assess sleep hygiene practices and their impact on the sleep quality and mental health of the study participants. Results The study included 384 adults. There was a significant association between the frequency of sleep problems and poor sleep hygiene practices (p < 0.001). The percentage of subjects who had problems sleeping during the past three months was significantly higher among those having poor sleep hygiene practices (76.5%) than their counterparts (56.1%). The rates of excessive or severe daytime sleepiness were significantly higher among individuals with poor hygiene practices (22.5% versus 11.7% and 5.2% versus 1.2%, p = 0.001). Participants with depression were found to be significantly higher among the poor hygiene group (75.8%) in comparison to those having good hygiene practices (59.6%) (p = 0.001). Conclusions The findings of the present study indicate significant associations between poor sleep hygiene practices and sleep problems, daytime sleepiness, and depression among adult residents of Tabuk city, Saudi Arabia.

A Cross-sectional Study to Evaluate the Prevalence and Risk Factors of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease among Undergraduate Medical Students of a Tertiary Care Indian Setting

Introduction: Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a condition characterized by the reflux of the stomach contents into the esophagus, causing unpleasant symptoms and/or consequences such as heartburn and acid regurgitation. GERD in the student stages can have a negative impact on their quality of life, college attendance, everyday activities, and overall well-being of the individual. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study that was conducted among medical students of a tertiary care setting from August 2021 to October 2021 for a 3-month duration. A convenient sample of 458 participants from all the years of MBBS were included in this study. Results: A total of 458 medical students were made part of this study, of which most of them (58.9%) were female and 41.1% were male. The average age among the study participants was 22 ± 2.3 years (range of 18–27 years). The average body mass index (BMI) of the individuals was 23.48 (range: 14.58–32.41), with the majority (54.8%) of them having a normal BMI. Discussion: In our study, we found that the prevalence of GERD in the medical students of a rural Indian tertiary care setting was 24.2%, and was observed that irregular meal timings and consuming coffee and soft drinks are the crucial risk factors for developing GERD in the medical students in comparison to the general population. Conclusion: Medical students should be trained on proper eating habits, maintaining an ideal body weight, good sleep hygiene, and avoiding drinking alcohol and smoking to lessen the burden of GERD.

A Study on Sleep-Pattern and Sleep Hygiene Behaviors Among School Going Adolescents in Semi Urban Coimbatore

Background: Sleep plays an important role in our life. Adolescents undergo several changes with puberty and have a preference for later bedtimes due to internet usage. Evidence shows that many adolescents are not obtain-ing the required amounts of sleep (8-10 hours) due to inadequate sleep practices. The objectives of this research were to study sleep-pattern among adolescents in Semi urban Coimbatore and also to determine the sleep hygiene practices among the adolescents. Methodology: This study is a school based cross-sectional study. A total of 300 adolescents from class VIII to XIIth were selected using simple random sampling. Data was collected from February to May 2018. A structured questionnaire for sleep pattern and Sleep Hygiene Index was used. Results: The adolescents’ mean sleep duration was 7.49 ± 1.12 hours on weekdays and 9.32 ± 1.55 hours on weekends. Mean Sleep Pattern Index (SPI) score was 22.48±6.9 and Mean Sleep Hygiene Index (SHI) score was 17.51±6.3 in our study. Conclusions: Majority of the adolescents had moderate scores of sleep pattern and sleep hygiene practices. Inter-ventions directed towards promoting good sleep hygiene strategies are required to improve the physical and emotional health of adolescents.

Impact of Sleep Pattern of Pharmacy College Students on Academic Performance.

Disrupted sleep pattern has shown to impact the mental health of medical sciences students. However, few studies assessed its association with academic performance, and the impact of other factors among pharmacy students. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between different sleep pattern variables and academic performance among pharmacy students. A cross-sectional study using self-administered survey was distributed to all students at a large pharmacy college in Saudi Arabia between November 2020 and February 2021. The students were asked to answer based on their sleep pattern and academic performance in the previous year of 2019-2020 (before COVID-19 lockdown). 237 students completed the survey. Shorter sleeps before exams and taking medicines for insomnia were significantly associated with failing at least one course (adjOR = 0.78 and 3.68; 95% CI 0.63-0.97 and 1.18-11.49; P = 0.028 and 0.025, respectively). As such, for each extra hour of sleep/night on exam nights, there is a 0.22 lower odd of failing at least one course, and taking insomnia medications increases the odds of failing by 3.68 times. Fewer sleep hours were significantly correlated with tiredness upon wake up, daytime sleepiness, and in-class sleepiness (r s = - 0.24, - 0.38, and - 0.24, respectively; P ≤ 0.001 for all correlations). Disrupted sleep pattern negatively impacted the academic performance of pharmacy students. Getting sufficient quality sleep, especially before exams, maybe associated with better performance and lower odds of course failures. College administrators should encourage good sleep hygiene to their students and pair the recommendations with evidence on the impact of sleep on academic performance.

Implications of lifestyle medicine in medical practice.

Globally, we are seeing a rise in non-communicable diseases such as obesity, hypertension, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, chronic respiratory diseases, cancer, etc., due to stressful lifestyle in this competitive world. Most of the non-communicable diseases are associated with lifestyle behavior. Presently, the role of lifestyle medicine is very critical and important in the management of chronic lifestyle-associated disorders. Considering the above facts, we decided to review the literature to gain a deeper insight into the implications of lifestyle medicine in medical practice. A literature search was conducted on PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar databases. We observed that lifestyle medicine intervention is a growing and newer discipline and is being employed along with conventional management of non-communicable diseases by medical practitioners today, as they are strongly associated with lifestyle behaviors and practices. Motivation for change in lifestyle is challenging because it depends on the patient's determination and eagerness to adapt and accommodate to the newer lifestyle pattern. The medical practitioners should spend time in coaching patients on lifestyle-related health education. Guidance and coaching by medical practitioners will help patients adapt to practices of maintaining regular physical activity, a balanced diet, good sleep hygiene, and avoid addictions of tobacco and alcohol as part of life. Introducing real and progressive evidence-based behavioral changes to reduce the risks of lifestyle-related acute and chronic diseases in medical practice will reduce the burden of non-communicable disease.

A cross-sectional study to evaluate the prevalence and risk factors of gastro-esophageal reflux disease among the undergraduate medical students of a tertiary-care Indian setting

Abstract Introduction: Gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a condition characterized by the reflux of stomach contents into the esophagus, causing unpleasant symptoms and/or consequences like heartburn and acid regurgitation. GERD in the student stages can hurt their quality of life, college attendance, everyday activities, and overall well-being of the individual. Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study that was conducted among medical students of a tertiary care setting from August 2021 to October 2021 for a three-month duration. A convenient sample of 458 participants from all the years of MBBS was included in this study. Results: A total of 458 medical students were made part of this study of which most of them (58.9%) were females and 41.1% were males. The average age among the study participants was 22 ± 2.3 years (range of 18–27 years). The average BMI of the individuals was 23.48 (range 14.58–32.41), with the majority (54.8%) of them having a normal BMI. Discussion: In our study, we found that the prevalence of GERD in the medical students of a rural Indian tertiary care setting was 24.2%, and was observed that irregular meal timings and consuming coffee and soft drinks are the crucial risk factors for developing GERD in the medical students in comparison to the general population. Conclusion: Medical students should be trained on proper eating habits, maintaining ideal body weight, good sleep hygiene, and avoiding drinking alcohol and smoking to lessen the burden of GERD.

Association of sleep duration and napping with stroke mortality in older Chinese: A 14-year prospective cohort study of the Guangzhou Biobank Cohort study

Study objectiveEvidence regarding the association of short sleep duration and napping with stroke remains limited and controversial. We examined the association of sleep duration and napping with risk of stroke mortality in an older Chinese cohort. MethodsSleep duration and daytime napping were assessed by face-to-face interview during 2003–2008. Information of causes of death until April 30, 2021 was collected via record linkage with the Death Registry. Cox regression was used to calculate the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). ResultsOf 27,254 participants aged average 62.0 (standard deviation = 7.1) years, 818 stroke deaths occurred within 388,798 person-years (mean = 14.3 years) of follow-up. A U-shaped relation between sleep duration and risk of stroke mortality was observed. Participants with short (≤5 h/day) or long sleep duration (≥9 h/day) showed higher risks of total stroke mortality, with adjusted HRs (95% CIs) being 1.27 (1.01–1.59) and 1.37 (1.07–1.75), respectively. However, non-significant association of short or long sleep duration with hemorrhagic or ischemic stroke mortality was found. The associations of short and long sleep duration with total stroke mortality were more pronounced in those with hypertension (P for interaction with hypertension = 0.01), with HRs (95% CIs) being 1.37 (1.04–1.82) and 1.77 (1.33–2.36), respectively. No association between napping and risk of stroke mortality was found. ConclusionsBoth short and long sleep duration, but not daytime napping, were associated with higher risk of stroke mortality. Public health messages to encourage good sleep hygiene may be important, especially for people with hypertension.

“Assessment Of Sleep Hygiene Among Adolescents: A Descriptive Survey”

Introduction: A Sleep hygiene is a common sleep problem, often caused by bad habit reinforced over years or even decades. It means habit that helps you have a good night. The various factors that cause disturbances in sleep is their age, their physiological and psychological characteristics, psychiatric illness, some type of physical illness. Lack of adequate sleep can even have other deleterious effects on the diurnal activities like deficits in attention, risk taking behavior and depression and impaired relationship. Sleep disturbances among adolescents is common due to heavy academic load, prolonged and intense study, stress of examination imposes poor quality of sleep among the adolescents. Objective of the study: To assess the sleep hygiene among adolescents studying selected health Science University at Mangaluru. To find association of sleep hygiene with selected demographic data. Methodology: A descriptive research design was adopted for the study. The stratified sampling technique was used to select 200 samples. A demographic Performa and adolescent sleep hygiene scale was used to collect the data from adolescents studying in selected health Science University at Mangaluru. The study was conducted among 200 students of medical, dental, physiotherapy and nursing college. The collected data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Result: Major findings of the study revealed that, majority 90(45%) of adolescents were in the age group of 18 years. Majority 95(47.5%) were Muslims. Most of the subjects 131(65.5%) were female and 69(34.5%) were males. The course of students were 50(25%) each. Highest percentage (42.5%) of sample had 6-8 hours of sleep. Very less (14.5%) students were having good sleep hygiene and majority 168(84%) of the adolescents were having average sleep hygiene. The Mean sleep hygiene scores were 2.13 with the standard deviation of 0.379. There was a significant association between overall sleep hygiene and demographic Performa with P &lt; 0.05. The chi- square computed between overall sleep hygiene and demographic Performa revealed that there is a significant association. Conclusion: The findings of the study show that majority of the adolescents belongs to Muslim religion and females. Maximum percentage of adolescents include in the study were 18 years of age

Sleep Problems and New Occurrence of Chronic Conditions during the COVID-19 Pandemic in the UK.

The COVID-19 pandemic has negatively impacted upon sleep health. Relatively little is known about how this may influence the population's health subsequently. This prospective longitudinal study aims to examine the consequences of sleep problems for physical and mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic in the UK, using data from the Understanding Society: COVID-19 Study, a large-scale population-based survey with 12,804 adults aged 16 and above. A measure of sleep problems was derived from Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questions, reflecting seven dimensions of sleep quality. Binary logistic regressions were applied to investigate the relationship between sleep problem and the incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD), hypertension, diabetes, obesity, arthritis and an emotional, nervous or psychiatric problem over the 15 months follow-up period. The analysis confirms that sleep problems are prevalent and vary between sub-groups among adults. Notably, sleep problems are then significantly associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular disease, hypertension, diabetes, obesity, arthritis and emotional, nervous or psychiatric problems, independent of demographic, socioeconomic, familial and health confounders. Our findings suggest promoting good sleep hygiene should be prioritised during the pandemic, and more generally as part of wider programmes aimed at promoting good physical and mental health.

AN ANALYTICAL STUDY TO ASSESS THE IMPACT OF SLEEP DEPRIVATION AND DEPRESSION ON ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF UNIVERSITY STUDENTS

Purpose- This paper aims to understand the impact of sleep deprivation and depression on the academic performance of Master's students at Savitribai Phule Pune University, India. The study attempts to find a causal relationship between the dependent and independent variables. The research also observed exogenous factors affecting the study's variables. Design/methodology/ approach- Data were collected from 49 students across various departments. The following study was causal-comparative and conclusive research. The data analysis was done using correlation and statistical regression methods in IBM SPSS Version 25. Findings- There was no correlation observed between sleep deprivation and academic performance. The study sample reveals that students have good sleep hygiene practices, which positively impacts their quality and quantity of sleep. Practical Implications- Factors affecting students' sleep quality and mental status has been studied, which will help students and guardians to work on those factors which will lead a student towards the state of sleep deprivation and depression. Thus, the study will allow students to schedule and re-schedule their daily routine and habits by controlling the harmful activities and creating a positive sleep environment.

Qualitative Findings for Supporting Newly Graduated Nurse and Teacher Sleep During Their First Year.

New graduate role transition for nurses and teachers is stressful. Poor adaptation may manifest as insomnia, which has implications for the new professionals, their employers, and the public served. This study examines factors that impact new graduate sleep, with the aim of identifying perceived helps and hindrances to sleep-during-transition. Targeted content analysis of transcripts from a larger longitudinal mixed methods study comparing new graduate sleep during their first year of practice. Study participants (N = 21) answered questions in the final interview regarding the most positive and negative impact(s) on sleep during the transition year. Transcripts were analyzed and compared based on the new graduate sleep typology (i.e., Got Better, Got Worse, Stayed Varied) which emerged from the parent study. Most participants, regardless of sleep type, identified a person/group as most positively impacting sleep. They identified work thoughts, stress/anxiety, people, work hours/sleep schedules, and environmental factors as negatively impacting sleep. Work thoughts and stress/anxiety were mentioned together and most frequently by participants in all three sleep types. This study provided insight into new graduate nurse and teacher sleep during transition. Support persons and/or groups may be essential regardless of sleep type. Thought management/stress mitigation strategies and good sleep hygiene may also improve the sleep experiences of these new professionals. Occupational health nurses can support sleep-during-transition among new nurses and teachers by acting as sleep advocates. They may also identify a need for medical intervention and/or sleep specialists and should promote fatigue risk mitigating policies.

Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on School-Aged Children's Physical Activity, Screen Time, and Sleep in Hong Kong: A Cross-Sectional Repeated Measures Study.

Despite concerns about the negative effects of social distancing and prolonged school closures on children’s lifestyle and physical activity (PA) during the COVID-19 pandemic, robust evidence is lacking on the impact of the pandemic-related school closures and social distancing on children’s wellbeing and daily life. This study aimed to examine changes in the PA levels, sleep patterns, and screen time of school-aged children during the different phases of the COVID-19 outbreak in Hong Kong using a repeated cross-sectional design. School students (grades 1 to 12) were asked to report their daily electronic device usage and to fill in a sleep diary, recording their daily sleep onset and wake-up time. They were equipped with a PA monitor, Actigraph wGT3X-BT, to obtain objective data on their PA levels and sleep patterns. Students were recruited before the pandemic (September 2019–January 2020; n = 577), during school closures (March 2020–April 2020; n = 146), and after schools partially reopened (October 2020–July 2021; n = 227). Our results indicated lower PA levels, longer sleep duration, and longer screen time among participants recruited during school closures than those recruited before the COVID-19 outbreak. Primary school students were found to sleep on average for an extra hour during school closures. The later sleep onset and increased screen time documented during school closures persisted when schools partially reopened. Our findings illustrate the significant impact of social distancing policies during the COVID-19 pandemic on the sleep pattern, screen time, and PA level in school-aged children in Hong Kong. Professionals should urgently reinforce the importance of improving physically activity, good sleep hygiene, and regulated use of electronic devices for parents and school-aged children during this unprecedented time.

Audit to Assess Melatonin Prescribing in Community CAMHS

AimsDisordered sleep is common, affecting 20–30%of children aged 1–5 years and often continues later into childhood. Neurodevelopmental disorders and psychiatric comorbidities pose a greater risk. The audit aimed to determine whether clinical prescribing practice of melatonin in Burlington House, Sefton CAMHS reflected current NICE recommendations. NICE suggest that first-line treatments for children with sleep problems include good sleep hygiene and behavioural therapy (including sleep diary).MethodsNice guideline CG170 provides guidance on Autism management. BNFC states that melatonin therapy should be reviewed every 6 months. Records of children currently prescribed modified release melatonin were checked to see if they met the inclusion criteria. Data were collected retrospectively from clinical case files and pharmacy records (December 2020- February 2021).ResultsThe results showed 18 young persons received melatonin for insomnia with ASD, 26 for insomnia without ASD, 3 for likely ASD and none for Smith Magenis syndrome. 36 received Specialist CAMHS review, 9 received Community Pediatrics review and 2 GP review. All patients received melatonin as per dose recommendations with 6 monthly reviews. Documentation on sleep hygiene was unclear.ConclusionWe concluded that Melatonin prescribing in community CAMHS tends to be high and discussion on sleep hygiene measures must be given importance.

0255 Sleep Hygiene Index: Associations with Sleep and Mental Health in College Students

Abstract Introduction Typically, college students practice unhealthy sleep hygiene behaviors, obtain too little sleep, and experience poor sleep quality. Sleep hygiene includes the routines or practices that prepare a person for the best possible night of sleep. Good sleep hygiene habits, like creating a sleep-friendly environment and making time for sleep, promote healthy duration and quality of sleep. Stress is also an important factor to consider during the college experience. Sleep and mental health are tightly connected, and stress can negatively impact the sleep and mental health of individuals. The focus of the current study was to examine habitual sleep habits in college students, in association with sleep quality and psychological health. Methods Participants included 51 undergraduate students (18 men, average age M=20.25 years, SD=1.78) who wore wrist actigraphs to measure their typical sleep habits for one week. After one week, participants completed questionnaires about sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, PSQI) and sleep hygiene practices (Sleep Hygiene Index, SHI). Higher scores on PSQI represent poorer quality; higher scores on SHI represent unhealthy sleep hygiene behaviors. Mental health symptoms were measured by the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21). Results Overall sleep duration was 6.59 hours and sleep efficiency was 82.55% as measured by actigraphy. PSQI scores (M=6.86) demonstrated poor sleep quality and SHI scores (M= 24.80) indicated overall poor sleep hygiene practices. SHI scores predicted higher PSQI scores (F(1, 50) = 18.05, p&amp;lt;.001), but did not predict sleep duration or efficiency. Depression, anxiety, and stress scores on the DASS predicted poorer sleep hygiene (F(1, 50) = 18.05, p&amp;lt;.001; F(1, 50) = 5.82, p=.020; F(1, 50) = 13.42, p&amp;lt;.001; respectively). Conclusion As expected, college students’ sleep was short in duration, poor in efficiency, and poor in quality. Additionally, poor sleep hygiene practices predicted poorer sleep quality. Interestingly, scores that indicated worse depression, anxiety, and stress predicted poorer sleep hygiene practices, suggesting that mental health may contribute to healthy sleep practices. More research is needed to understand the complex relationship between mental health, sleep, and healthy sleep practices Support (If Any) None.

Subjective sleep quality among hospitalised adult patients: An observational, cross-sectional study

Background Inpatient sleep quality is influenced by multiple factors including medical conditions, use of medication and the ward environment. Without adequate rest, detrimental effects on patients’ physical and psychological performances may persist, inhibiting recovery and increasing length of stay. Objective This study examined the sleep quality of adult inpatients and its’ associations with sociodemographic, clinical and environmental factors. Methods An observational study was conducted in the medical wards of an acute care hospital in Singapore from July to December 2018. Patients completed the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) to establish baseline sleeping habits and the Richards-Campbell Sleep Questionnaire (RCSQ) to assess perception of sleep quality during hospitalisation. Noise levels were measured using the SL-4023SD sound level meter. Environmental factors affecting sleep were also recorded. Results 52 patients were recruited reported a mean RCSQ score of 5.83 (SD = 2.31) and mean Global PSQI score was 6.06 (SD = 3.33), indicative of poor baseline sleep. The highest mean noise level presented with an average reading of 80 dB, surpassing the WHO recommended noise levels by two times. Subjective sleep quality was not affected by demographic, clinical factors and bed locations. Patients exposed to night lamps reported a reduction in sleep quality ( p = .04). Conclusions Recognising the importance of overall sleep quality and the identification of external factors influencing patients’ sleep quality during hospitalisation is a vital step towards developing successful interventions to promote good sleep hygiene in the general wards of the Asian context.

Rest and Readiness

Rest and Readiness

Sleep quality of Singapore residents: findings from the 2016 Singapore mental health study

Given the importance of sleep for physical and mental wellbeing, it is crucial to understand the extent of insomnia among community dwellers. However, there is a paucity of population wide epidemiological studies to estimate the prevalence of poor sleep quality. This present study aimed to 1) characterize the sleep quality of a nationally representative sample (n = 6126) of Singapore residents using Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and 2) identify the sociodemographic correlates of poor sleep in this population. A total of 27.6% of respondents reported poor sleep quality (PSQI score ≥5). Sociodemographic correlates of poor sleep quality in the Singapore population included, but were not limited to, females (AOR = 1.44, 95% CI = 1.17 to 1.77, p-value = 0.001), Malays (vs Chinese) (AOR = 1.53, 95% CI = 1.23 to 1.9, p-value < 0.001), Indians (vs Chinese) (AOR = 1.22, 95% CI = 1.02 to 1.47, p-value = 0.03), ex-smokers (vs non-smokers) (AOR = 1.43, 95% CI = 1.07 to 1.92, p-value = 0.02), persons with comorbid mental health conditions (vs no mental health conditions) (AOR = 14.11, 95% CI = 6.52 to 30.54, p-value < 0.01), and persons with physical multimorbidity (vs no physical conditions) (AOR = 1.63, 95% CI = 1.24 to 2.15, p-value < 0.001). The prevalence of poor sleep in Singapore is comparable to that of other countries in the Asian region. Targeted public health campaigns to psycho-educate vulnerable groups on the importance of good sleep hygiene may improve the overall wellbeing of residents in Singapore.