Association of sleep duration and napping with stroke mortality in older Chinese: A 14-year prospective cohort study of the Guangzhou Biobank Cohort study

Abstract

Study objectiveEvidence regarding the association of short sleep duration and napping with stroke remains limited and controversial. We examined the association of sleep duration and napping with risk of stroke mortality in an older Chinese cohort. MethodsSleep duration and daytime napping were assessed by face-to-face interview during 2003–2008. Information of causes of death until April 30, 2021 was collected via record linkage with the Death Registry. Cox regression was used to calculate the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). ResultsOf 27,254 participants aged average 62.0 (standard deviation = 7.1) years, 818 stroke deaths occurred within 388,798 person-years (mean = 14.3 years) of follow-up. A U-shaped relation between sleep duration and risk of stroke mortality was observed. Participants with short (≤5 h/day) or long sleep duration (≥9 h/day) showed higher risks of total stroke mortality, with adjusted HRs (95% CIs) being 1.27 (1.01–1.59) and 1.37 (1.07–1.75), respectively. However, non-significant association of short or long sleep duration with hemorrhagic or ischemic stroke mortality was found. The associations of short and long sleep duration with total stroke mortality were more pronounced in those with hypertension (P for interaction with hypertension = 0.01), with HRs (95% CIs) being 1.37 (1.04–1.82) and 1.77 (1.33–2.36), respectively. No association between napping and risk of stroke mortality was found. ConclusionsBoth short and long sleep duration, but not daytime napping, were associated with higher risk of stroke mortality. Public health messages to encourage good sleep hygiene may be important, especially for people with hypertension.