Good Self-management Research Articles

The Self-compassion during Pandemic Covid-19: Cased in Jember District

Policy of restrictions on activity during pandemic covid-19 has a negative psychological impact. Thus, the need for good self-management so as not to cause stress, anxiety in the face of pandemics. One of the self-management used by improving self-compassion. Self-compassion is an attitude to be able to be open, to be aware of mistakes that occur to yourself, so as to positively interpret negative experiences. Self-compassion can increase the body's immunity, reducing anxiety. The purpose of this study is to describe the self-compassion of Jember people during the pandemic.The study used a descriptive quantitative approach with the subjects of covid-19 affected communities in Jember, numbering 349 respondents. The data collection method uses questionnaires with purposive sampling techniques, adapted from Neff's Self-compassion Scale (2003) containing 26 items with a total reliability of 0.93. The results showed that as many as 60 respondents (17%) people in Jember had moderate Self-compassion, with the highest percentage of Mindfullness aspect as many as 65 respondents (19%). While the lowest percentage in Isolation aspect is 60 (17%). Reviewed by gender, female subjects had a low self-compassion of 39 respondents (15%), compared to 14 male respondents (14%). Based on tribe, Madura has low self-compassion compared to other tribes, 12 respondents (18%). Based on the results of the research, it can be used as a reference for related parties to form community intervention programs based on internal strengthening and spirituality, and the community can understand the importance of mental health through self-compassion.

184-LB: Patient-Reported Outcomes (PROs) to Treatment in Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) from the International Diabetes Management Practices Study (IDMPS)

Introduction: Achieving optimal HbA1c in people with T1D requires good treatment acceptance and self-management. Methods: IDMPS is an international, observational study investigating care practices and clinical profiles of people with diabetes in developing countries. The present analysis of Wave 8 evaluated PROs in people with T1D and their associations with glycemic control using 1) the chronic treatment acceptance questionnaire (ACCEPT) to assess acceptance of long-term medication advantages/disadvantages, and 2) the diabetes self-management questionnaire (DSMQ) to assess health-related behaviors. Results: Of 1103 people with T1D (mean ± SD age 34 ± 12 years, diabetes duration 14 ± 10 years, HbA1c 8.6 ± 2.0 %, 52% were women and 19% had HbA1c <7 %) from 13 countries, 69% reported 0-2 hours of diabetes-related education in total, and 52% had experienced hypoglycemia symptoms within the previous 3 months. Most patients completed ACCEPT (99%) and DSMQ (99%) . Acceptance was high for medication effectiveness and side effects, but low for length of treatment, regimen constraints, and medication inconvenience (Figure A) . Self-management scores were low, particularly for physical activity and health care use (Figure B) . Conclusions: Further education for people with T1D could improve self-management and consequently could benefit medication effectiveness. Disclosure J. J. Gagliardino: None. J. C. Chan: Board Member; Asia Diabetes Foundation, Consultant; Bayer AG, Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Celltrion, Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., Roche Diabetes Care, Viatris Inc., Research Support; Applied Therapeutics, AstraZeneca, Eli Lilly and Company, Hua Medicine, Servier Laboratories, Stock/Shareholder; GemVCare Ltd. P. Aschner: Advisory Panel; Merck & Co., Inc., Sanofi, Speaker's Bureau; AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Novo Nordisk. H. M. Ilkova: Advisory Panel; Novo Nordisk. A. Ramachandran: None. J. Mbanya: Advisory Panel; Novo Nordisk, Sanofi, Servier Laboratories. M. V. Shestakova: None. V. Pilorget: None. L. Melas-melt: None. J. Chantelot: Employee; Sanofi, Stock/Shareholder; Sanofi. Funding Sanofi

PENGALAMAN HIDUP SELF-MANAGEMENT PADA PASIEN GAGAL GINJAL KRONIK DI BANTEN

Patients with chronic kidney failure are expected to be able to carry out self-management in terms to fluid management, diet, vascular access, treatment regimens, and activity patterns are still obstacles. Self-management is an activity to change bad habits by learning to adapt to changes in their health. Patients with chronic kidney disease undergoing hemodialysis require good self-management. With a change in the patient's life, the phenomenon of self-management is unique. The purpose of this study was to describe the self-management of chronic kidney disease patients undergoing hemodialysis in the Banten region. This study uses a qualitative method with a phenomenological approach. Data collection by in-depth interview. Participants were taken using purposive sampling totaling six participants. The results of the study found two new themes: 1) non-compliance with fluid diet and diet, 2) testament can be submitted by patients with chronic kidney disease.

Social support and self-management among end-stage renal disease patients undergoing hemodialysis in Indonesia.

Background: Self-management is the latest multidisciplinary intervention that empowers end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients to be active in maintaining their health status. The implementation of self-management among ESRD patients undergoing hemodialysis in Indonesia remains relatively low, contributing to the high prevalence of complications and morbidity. The social cognitive theory proposes that social support is one of the environmental factors affecting health behavior change. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the association between social support and self-management among ESRD patients undergoing hemodialysis in Indonesia.Design and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 107 ESRD patients selected by consecutive sampling. Data were collected online from four chronic kidney disease communities in Indonesia in June 2020. Medical Outcome Study Social Support Survey and Hemodialysis Self-Management Instrument were used to measure patients’ functional social support and selfmanagement levels. Statistical analysis using the Chi-square test was applied to evaluate the association between social support and self-management.Results: More than half of the patients had high social support (51%) and good self-management (53%). There was a significant relationship between social support and self-management (p=0.027; α=0.05; odds ratio 95% CI = 2.386).Conclusions: Social support is a potential environmental factor that can be modified to enhance health behavior change among ESRD patients in Indonesia, with the specific behavior being selfmanagement. This study recommends functional social support as an integral part of self-management intervention provided through cooperation between health workers, chronic kidney disease community, and patient companions. Significance for public health The prevalence of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) has significantly increased year over year, yet more than 50% of ESRD patients still do not comply with the recommended lifestyle modifications. Self-management is a new multidisciplinary treatment that empowers ESRD patients to monitor and participate in health care and lifestyle modifications, replacing previous compliance-based treatments. However, the implementation of self-management in Indonesia is still far from ideal. This study indicates a significant relationship between social support on self-management among ESRD patients undergoing hemodialysis in Indonesia. This study can provide new insights for health workers and social networks active in the interaction and care of ESRD patients regarding functional forms of social support that can be applied to support self-management among ESRD patients undergoing hemodialysis.

Hubungan Efikasi Diri, Kepatuhan dan Dukungan Keluarga Dengan Manajemen Diri Penderita Diabetes Mellitus Tipe 2 di Surabaya

Introduction: Diabetes care is complex, requiring long-term care and support. Diabetics face challenges in managing themselves by making the right decisions every day, so people with diabetes mellitus often experience decreased motivation, hopelessness decreased capacity to manage diabetes and, difficulty reducing habits or routines that take. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship of self-efficacy, compliance and family support with self-management of people with DMT2. Methods: The design of this study is a cross-sectional approach. The relationship between one and several variables is expressed by the magnitude of the correlation coefficient and statistical significance. The research population was 165 people, the sample size based on Isaac & Michael's table with an error rate of 10% was 103 respondents. The sampling technique is done by non-probability sampling that is purposive sampling. Results: The results showed that there was a significant relationship between self-efficacy (P-Value 0.042), compliance (P-Value 0.001) and family support (P-Value 0.035), with self-management. Conclusions: Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that in this study self-management of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus was associated with self-efficacy, compliance and family support. DMT2 sufferers who have good self-efficacy will help them in managing self-management well, as well as compliant DMT2 patients will also have good self-management. Good family support for people with DMT2 will have a good impact on their self-management.

Dukungan Keluarga dan Self Efikasi terhadap Self Manajemen Penderita Hipertensi

This study aims to determine the relationship between family support and self-efficacy on self-management of hypertension sufferers. This research method is cross-sectional research. The results showed that respondents with high self-efficacy dominantly have good self-management (64.2%). In low self-management, the dominant has less self-management (57.2%). In the excellent category of family support variables, the chief has good self-management (61.1%). The dominant has less self-management (57.1%) with less family support. The chi-square test results show that self-management is related to family support (p-value=0.001), self-efficacy (p-value=0.006). In conclusion, self-management of hypertensive patients tends to increase if the patient gets high family support and self-efficacy.
 
 Keywords: Family Support, Hypertension, Self Efficacy, Self Management

Carbon Emission Efficiency Network: Evolutionary Game and Sensitivity Analysis between Differentiated Efficiency Groups and Local Governments

With its proposal of the “double carbon” (peak carbon dioxide emissions and carbon neutralization) goal, China has entered a new stage in creating an ecological civilization and achieving sustainable development. Based on the formation and evolution mechanism of the carbon emission efficiency network, in this study, a trilateral evolutionary game model—including efficiency groups (high- and low-efficiency groups) and local governments—was constructed, in an attempt to discuss the conditions needed for different players and trilateral interconnected systems to implement balanced and stable strategies. Furthermore, the sensitivity of the participants’ evolutionary trajectories toward factors such as the initial strategy ratio, transition cost, and network capital were tested via a system simulation. The main conclusions were as follows: (1) Efficiency groups form a virtuous circle when the initial proportion of the participants’ strategies reaches a certain threshold, and converge into a stable “win–win” state. Under these circumstances, high-efficiency groups tend to give full play to their efficiency advantages in terms of carbon emission reduction and green development, while low-efficiency groups tend to choose green transformation and accept the spillover effect from high-efficiency groups. (2) When efficiency groups achieve a “win–win” state or form good self-management, local governments move from active supervision to a passive supervision strategy in order to reduce supervision costs. (3) While different initial strategy proportions do not affect the stable convergence point of the evolutionary system, they have a differentiated impact on the convergence speed of the players. Under the condition of a low initial strategy ratio, transformation costs can reduce the green transformation enthusiasm of inefficient groups, while network capital can enhance the green transformation willingness of inefficient groups.

The Correlation of Self Management Behavior with Quality of Life in Patients with Primary Hypertension

Hypertension is a cardiovascular disease that is a major concern because of the high morbidity and mortality rates. Uncontrolled hypertension will cause various complications will interfere quality of life the patient with hypertension. Quality of life in hypertensive patients is influenced by the severity and severity of complications experienced by the patient. Self management behavior as a disease management to support patients with chronic diseases, behavior modification is very useful to reduce or delay the adverse effects of hypertension. The purpose of this study was to determine the correlation between self-management behavior and quality of life in patients with primary hypertension at UPTD Puskesmas Manggis I Karangasem. This research is a descriptive quantitative correlational research with a cross sectional approach. The sample of this study was 79 respondents who were selected through simple random sampling technique, data analysis used Spearman Rank test. The results showed that 31 respondents (39.2%) had good self-management behavior and 34 respondents (43.1%) had good quality of life. The results of the Rank Spearman test, p value = 0.000 (≤0.05) showed a significant correlation between self-management behavior and quality of life in patients with primary hypertensive. The correlation coefficient value (r) 0.835 means a very strong correlation between self-management behavior and quality of life. Nurses are expected to be able to provide education about self-management behavior that they can improve the quality of life patients with hypertension.

The Correlation between Coping Strategies and Anxiety in Hypertension Patients in Malang Regency, Indonesia

ABSTRACT Good self-management in hypertension patients will reduce the risk of complications. This study’s aim was to analyse the correlation of coping strategies on anxiety levels in hypertension patients. The study uses a crosssectional study approach. The research has been conducted in Malang district, Indonesia, wherein a total sample of 108 participants was taken using simple random sampling. Research variables include anxiety and coping strategies. The data are collected using a questionnaire. The statistical test used is multiple linear regression analysis. The results show that there was a significant correlation of active coping (p-value = 0.005), planning (p-value = 0.041), suppression of competing activities (p-value = 0.007), restraint (p-value = 0.026), and the use of social support (p-value = 0.004) for anxiety in patients with hypertension. These results illustrate that improving coping strategies by focusing on problems through the use of active coping, planning, suppression of competing activities, restraint, and the use of social support influence is reducing anxiety in people with hypertension.

The Relationship between Self-Efficacy and Self-Management among Teenager with Asthma: A Systematic Review

Asthma is a chronic reactive airway disease caused by a variety of variables, one of which is psychological. Adolescents are prone to psychological issues. Adolescents frequently face difficulties and feel frustrated as a result of the conditions they face, but most adolescents employ a variety of strategies to overcome the problems that arise. Self-efficacy can lead to good self-management. To investigate the relationship between self-efficacy and self-management in asthmatic teenagers. The search strategy is to conduct Pubmed and Google Scholar s for articles that have been published. The term "asthma" is a combination of the words "adolescents" and "self-efficacy" and "self-management" The search criteria were as follows: research on asthma patients who were teenagers, published between 31th January 2004 and July 20 2020, in English, full text, and of quantitative nature. A cross-sectional study evaluated each article for quality using a standard format from The Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Tools (JBI). Only five articles were found that matched the search criteria. The relationship between self-efficacy and self-management were found to be associated inconsistent. Four studies reported significantly associated, while one study found no significant correlation between self-efficacy and self-management in asthmatic teenagers. Efficacy has an effect on self-management in adolescents with asthma. Adolescents with asthma must have a high level of self-efficacy to feel more confident in dealing with their situation, make positive changes, and maintain reasonable asthma control.

Upaya Meningkatkan Motivasi dan Prestasi Belajar dengan Buku Awe Inspiring Me dalam Konsep Manajemen Diri

Motivation and self-management are very influential in improving achievement. Motivation can function as a driving force that triggers the implementation of things that are done and expected. Self-management also contributes to the formation of a good self in order to design the things to be achieved, so that they are scheduled and neatly arranged, and help the process of maintaining motivation itself. However, the reality that there is high learning motivation and good self-management is still far from student culture in Indonesia, both at the student and student level. This study aims to present the value of motivation and self-management concepts contained in the book awe inspiring me and how the effectiveness of the book awe inspiring me in increasing motivation and good self-management as an alternative to solving the problem of lack of motivation to learn and student achievement. The research method used is descriptive qualitative with a content analysis approach of library research plus field research with observation, interviews and documentation research instruments. The results obtained from the research are that the book awe inspires me is very motivational and presents a very good concept of self-management.

Nurse-led self-management support after organ transplantation\u2014protocol of a multicentre, stepped-wedge randomized controlled trial

BackgroundRecipients of an organ transplantation face a number of challenges and often need to change their health behaviour. Good self-management skills are essential for optimal clinical outcomes. However, few interventions are available to support post-transplant self-management. To fill this gap, we developed a self-management support intervention offered by nurse practitioners. The primary aim of the study is to implement and test the effectiveness of the ZENN intervention in promoting self-management skills among heart, kidney liver and lung transplant recipients in comparison to standard care. The secondary aim is to assess the self-management support skills of nurse practitioners who will deliver the intervention.MethodsThis multi-centre stepped-wedge randomized controlled trial will take place from September 2020 until May 2023. All departments will commence with inclusion of patients in the control period. Each department will be randomly assigned to a start date (step in the wedge) to commence the experimental period. Patients in the control period will receive standard care and will be asked to complete questionnaires at baseline (T0), 6 months (T1) and 12 months (T2), to assess self-management, self-regulation, quality of life and adherence. During the experimental period, patients will receive standard care plus the ZENN intervention and receive the same set of questionnaires as participants in the control period. Nurse practitioners will complete a baseline and follow-up questionnaire to assess differences in self-management support skills. Video recordings of outpatient clinic consultations during the control and experimental periods will determine the differences in nurses’ needs-thwarting and needs-supporting skills between the control and experimental period.DiscussionThe ZENN intervention could be a useful approach to support patients’ self-management skills after organ transplantation and thus promote clinical outcomes as well as avoid adverse events.Trial registrationDutch Trial Register NL8469. Registered on March 19, 2020.

Meta Analysis the Effectiveness of Internet-Based Self- Management for Asthma Control Monitoring

Background: The high incidence and mortality of asthma is caused by a lack of asthma control and the independence of patients and families in doing good self-management. So far, self-management has been carried out in various ways, one of which is using internet-based self-management. The aim of this study was to estimate the effectiveness of Internet-based self-management on asthma control by meta-analysis. Subjects and Method: This research is a meta-analysis study using PRISMA flowchart guidelines. The article search process was carried out between 2011-2022 using databases from PubMed, Google Scholar, ProQuest, Science Direct and Scopus. The PICO formula used is P= patients with asthma. I= using internet-based self-management. C= without using internet-based self-management. O= asthma control. Article searches were performed using the keywords “mhealth” OR “mobile health” OR “telemedicine” AND “self management” AND “asthma control” OR “asthma treatment” AND “asthma control”. The inclusion criteria were full paper articles with randomized controlled trial study design, articles using English, the intervention provided was the application of internet-based self-management, and the outcome was asthma control. Based on the database, there were 9 articles that met the inclusion criteria. The analysis was carried out using Revman 5.3 software. Results: A total of 9 articles spread across 4 continents, namely Asia, Europe, Australia, and America. The articles reviewed in the meta-analysis showed that the use of Internet-based self-management in asthmatics was effective in changing asthma control by 1.25 times compared with no Internet-based self-management, and was statistically significant (OR= 1.25; 95% CI= 1.09 to 1.44; p= 0.002). Conclusion: Internet-based self-management is effective in improving asthma control compared to no Internet-based self-management. Keywords: asthma control, internet-based self-management, asthma patients Correspondence: Bhre Diansyah Dinda Khalifatulloh. Masters Program in Public Health, universitas Sebelas Maret. Jalan Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java, Indonesia. Email: bhrediansyah98@gmail.com. Mobile: +6287708465646 Journal of Health Policy and Management (2002), 07(02): 94-102 https://doi.org/10.26911/thejhpm.2022.07.02.01

The Efficacy of Educational Intervention in Enhancing Person's Ability to Manage their Epilepsy Well

Epilepsy is one of the most common chronic neurological conditions, with the potential to generate significant morbidity, impaired quality of life, socioeconomic decline, and high health care costs. Self-management is essential for patients who live with a chronic disease. In addition to standard therapeutic options, patients are also urged to engage in epilepsy self-management which is best achieved by delivering educational intervention to enhance their self-management skills. A good self-management enhances self-efficacy and improves overall quality of life. The purpose of the current review was to identify the evidence on the efficacy of educational intervention in enhancing person's ability to manage their epilepsy to improve their quality of life. Various online databases were searched to obtain the literature using appropriate search terms/keywords. Only Randomized controlled studies were included in the review because of their high evidence level and to avoid subject to bias. Databases searched were ScienceDirect, Wiley online library, and Google Scholar. A total of 41 articles with full texts were reviewed, out of which 7 articles met the criteria. The methodological quality of the studies was assessed by using the Jadad scoring system. The outcome measurement of self-management, self-efficacy, drug adherence, quality of life was observed among patients with epilepsy (PWE) and found effective after delivering educational intervention. In the entire studies, the control group received routine care. This systematic review of randomized controlled trial studies emphasized the positive impact of educational interventions for patients diagnosed with epilepsy concerning various outcome measures. Hence, It was concluded that the planned educational intervention empower PWE to engage in good self-management practices and it enhances their self-efficacy, quality of life by improving their sleep quality, decreasing stress, concern, and fears related to epilepsy.

Transition readiness in adolescents with juvenile idiopathic arthritis and their parents: Our single-center experience.

We aimed to identify characteristics of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) patients associated with good self-management skills in the transition readiness process and to investigate the readiness of JIA patients and their families for the transition into the adult healthcare system. Between March 2021 and June 2021, a total of 44 JIA patients (9 males, 35 females; median age: 15.1 years; range, 12.3 to 19.3 years) admitted to the pediatric rheumatology outpatient and inpatient clinics and their parents were included. Transition Readiness Assessment Questionnaire (TRAQ) was cross-culturally adapted. The TRAQ was administered to all JIA patients and their parents at one point. Demographic and clinical data were collected. Fourteen (31.8%) of 44 JIA patients had a concomitant disease, while 10 (22.7%) of them had uveitis. Eleven (25%) of them had a family history of autoimmune diseases. In total, 21 (47.7%) of JIA patients were receiving biologics. There was a strong correlation between older age and total TRAQ scores among patients (ρ=0.799, p<0.001) and a moderate correlation between older patient age and total TRAQ scores among parents (ρ=0.522, p<0.001). Patient and parent total TRAQ scores were strongly correlated (ρ=0.653, p<0.001). There was no significant association of JIA patient characteristics (JIA disease subtypes, disease duration, gender, concomitant diseases, uveitis, family history of autoimmune diseases, number of hospitalizations, and treatment with biologics) with TRAQ scores and JIA patients' and parents' readiness for transition. Transition readiness of JIA patients increases with advancing age. There is no significant difference between transition readiness for JIA patients and their parents.

Awareness and self-care practice regarding prevention of chronic kidney disease among hypertensive patients at the University Teaching Hospital of Butare, Rwanda

IntroductionThere is a strong relationship between Hypertension and Chronic Kidney Disease. To minimize and prevent the occurrence of Chronic Kidney Disease, hypertensive patients have to be aware of their condition and adhere to recommended self-care practice. Aim of the studyTo assess the awareness and self-care practice regarding the prevention of Chronic Kidney Disease among patients living with hypertension at the University Teaching Hospital of Butare. MethodologyThe study design was descriptive cross-sectional. A sample size of 140 was selected using purposive sampling strategy. Data was collected using a closed-ended questionnaire. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze data. ResultsNearly 49% had a low level of awareness, and moderate self-care practice was observed in 56.5% of study participants. Educational level was discovered to be associated with the awareness (p = .026). Factors associated with self-care practice were age (p = .000), marital status (p = .003), educational level (p.020), occupation (p = .021) and residence (p = .026). A significant weak positive relationship between awareness and self-care practice of participants (r = 0.254, p = 0.02) was established. ConclusionAltered levels of awareness and self-care practice regarding Chronic Kidney Disease prevention was revealed. Health care professionals including nurses need to intensify health education to improve awareness and provide adequate information to hypertensive patients on the importance of good self-management. Further research is called for to identify further factors contributing to moderate self-care practice of preventing CKD since awareness only explained 6.4% variance.

Self-management behavior and fasting plasma glucose control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus over 60\xa0years old: multiple effects of social support on quality of life

ObjectiveElderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus are highly vulnerable due to severe complications. However, there is a contradiction in the relationship between social support and quality of life, which warrants further exploration of the internal mechanism. This study assessed the quality of life and its interfering factors in this patient population.MethodsIn total, 571 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus over 60 years old were recruited from two community clinics in Heilongjiang Province, China. We collected data on health status, quality of life, self-management behavior, fasting plasma glucose (FPG) level, and social support. Structural equation modeling and the bootstrap method were used to analyze the data.ResultsThe average quality of life score was − 29.25 ± 24.41. Poorly scored domains of quality of life were “Psychological feeling” (− 8.67), “Activity” (− 6.36), and “Emotion” (− 6.12). Of the 571 patients, 65.32% had normal FPG, 9.8% had high-risk FPG, 15.94% had good self-management behavior, and 22.07% had poor social support. Significant correlations among social support, self-management behavior, FPG level, and quality of life were noted. A multiple mediator model revealed that social support influenced quality of life in three ways: (1) directly (c′ = 0.6831); (2) indirectly through self-management behavior (a1*b1 = 0.1773); and (3) indirectly through FPG control (a2*b2 = 0.1929). Self-management behavior influenced the quality of life directly and indirectly through FPG control.ConclusionImproving self-management behavior and monitoring hypoglycemia should become priority targets for future intervention. Scheduled social support to self-management projects should be put into the standardized management procedure. Physicians should provide substantial and individualized support to the elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus regarding medication, blood glucose monitoring, and physical exercise.

Examination of Self-Efficacy and Quality of Life of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Regarding Diabetes Management

Purpose: Good self-management in patients with diabetes will help them to maintain their well-being and quality of life, and the control of risk factors will make it possible to manage disease symptoms and to prevent complications. This study was carried out to determine the self-efficacy levels of patients with type 2 diabetes regarding their care and the factors affecting them and to examine the relationship between patients’ self-efficacy and quality of life. &#x0D; Methods: This study used a cross-sectional design and was carried out with a total of 342 patients with type 2 diabetes. The Diabetes Management Self-Efficacy Scale (SES) was employed to evaluate diabetes self-efficacy levels of the patients, and the WHO Quality of Life Scale-Brief Form was used to evaluate their quality of life. &#x0D; Results: The mean of the scores that the patients obtained from the SES scale was 64.16 ± 12.09. Diabetes self-efficacy was higher in patients who were married, were university graduates, had received training/information related to the disease, did not have any other chronic diseases, and did not exhibit any complications (p

A cross-sectional analysis of health literacy: patient- versus family doctor-reported and associations with self-efficacy and chronic disease

BackgroundAdequate health literacy (HL) levels contribute to good health outcomes and successful disease self-management in patients with chronic disease. Hence, it is essential that family doctors recognize patients with inadequate HL in need of additional support. This study had two aims: (1) to assess and compare patient self-reported versus family doctor-rated HL estimates, and (2) to explore associations between patient-reported HL, self-efficacy and chronic diseases.MethodsParticipants in this cross-sectional survey were recruited through general practices in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. Patient self-reported HL was measured using the European Health Literacy Survey-16. Family doctor-rated HL was measured with an adapted version of this instrument. Using crosstabulations patient-reported and family doctor-rated HL estimates were compared for 346 patient-family doctor pairs. Associations between HL, self-efficacy and chronic disease were investigated using regression analyses.ResultsPatient-reported and family doctor-rated HL estimates were concordant in 38% of all cases. On average family doctors rated their patients’ HL lower than patients rated their own HL. The lower average family doctor ratings were more pronounced when patients were older, male and had more than one chronic disease. Female family doctors rated HL of male patients lower than their male colleagues. Patient reported HL had a significant positive association with self-efficacy. Mediation analysis provided support that self-efficacy acts as mediator between HL and the number of chronic diseases.ConclusionsOur study findings indicate a significant discrepancy between patients’ self-reported HL and externally rated HL by family doctors. A more systematic utilization of HL screeners might help reduce this discrepancy. At the same time, consideration should be given to enhancing communication training for family doctors and addressing critical HL skills in patient education.

Studi Kasus Penderita Diabetes Mellitus Tipe 2 Ditinjau dari Protection Motivation Theory

A healthy lifestyle, including health behavior, illness behavior, as well as sick role behaviorplay a key role in managing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) as well as limiting its complications. This qualitative descriptive with case study research design utilized a type 2 diabetes mellitus patient who had good Self-Management Diabetes aims to describe the formation of health behavior in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus reviewed by using Protection Motivation Theory (PMT). PMT consists of five components, namely the Severity, Vulnerability, Response Effectiveness, Self Efficacy, and Fear. Results suggest that the five components in PMT can be used to predict behavioral intentions that are highly related to one’s behavior, and the information either from the environment or intrapersonal plays a role in giving results in the formation of behavioral intentions to make changes in lifestyle, which leads to the emergence of health behaviors.