Good Sanitation Research Articles

Clinical presentation with consequences and laboratory diagnosis of multi and extensive drug resistance in typhoid cases

Background: Enteric fever is among the major problem in the health care settings of developing countries like Pakistan. Unjudicial use and over the counter availability of antibiotics lead to the emergence of multi drug resistant and extensive drug-resistant strains of salmonella outbreak which demonstrate severity of disease of the disease. Our objective is to determine the clinical presentation, consequences and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of Multi Drug Resistant (MDR) typhoid and Extensive drug resistance (XDR) typhoid cases. Methods: The study was conducted in the department of Microbiology, Dow Diagnostic Reference and Research Laboratory, Dow University of Health Sciences. All laboratory proven Salmonella positive cultures samples were selected from laboratory that were either fully or partially treated, or were taking anti-Salmonella. Clinical trends along with clinical outcomes were assessed from clinical presentation. Furthermore, Demographic details were noted. Detailed history about the presenting illness with examination findings and medications were recorded. Results: A total of 333 patients had positive blood culture for enteric fever, in which maximum number of XDR cases 84% (n=281) were observed in blood cultures followed by MDR salmonella in 16 % (n=52). Meropenem and azithromycin didn’t show any resistance in our study. Conclusion: Our study has demonstrated that pediatric population is more vulnerable for developing salmonella infection. Carbapenems and azithromycin are among the last choices for the treatment of XDR cases. Analysis of our results imply stress on the implementation of preventive measures for spread of enteric fever including proper diagnosis, vaccination and good sanitation system

Meat Quality Control in Beef Production

The hazard analysis and critical control points (HACCP) system is primarily a risk assessment method focused on identifying and controlling the risk factors classified as the critical control points. Pathogenic microorganisms can enter the meat supply chain at various points along their path. Live animals can harbor various pathogens, while unhygienic conditions during slaughter and processing introduce external contamination risks, and cross contamination can occur during handling and cooking. Traditionally, pathogen control is concentrated in the processing stage. Despite its effectiveness, approaches like HACCP do not fully satisfy the consumer demands for food safety. A more comprehensive approach targeting pathogen control at every stage of the supply chain that is, “from farm-to-table,” offers broadercoverage and greater integration. Meat is one of the most perishable food products, providing an ideal environment for the growth of a wide range of pathogenic bacteria. Foodborne illnesses result from the consumption of bacteria, toxins, or cells produced by microorganisms present in food. Past outbreaks have been linked to various stages of the meat production process; hence, it is logical to develop a risk assessment model encompassing all stages, from raising food animals and processing carcasses to meat preparation and consumption. The primary task in meat production is the evaluation of the microbiological quality of raw meat and the sanitary conditions at processing facilities based on the presence of indicator microorganisms in the meat, equipment, and processing plants. Accordingly, hygienic measures in meat production, processing, and retail aim to ensure meat safety, prevent rapid spoilage, and preserve its quality. HACCP, which heavily relies on prerequisite programs like good hygienic practice and sanitation standard operating procedures, provides enhanced hygiene standards essential for producing safe meat and meat products throughout the entire meat supply chain.

Food handlers’ knowledge and practices and the relationship with appropriate sanitation hygiene scores in Malang City

Background: Food hygiene and sanitation in catering services are affected by food handlers because they are the first to come in contact with food ingredients. This matter is essential to prevent food contamination. Objective: This study aimed to determine the relationship between food handlers’ knowledge and practices and appropriate sanitation hygiene scores in catering services in Malang City, East Java, Indonesia.Materials and Methods: Two hundred four food handlers and 24 catering services participated in this cross-sectional study. Knowledge data were collected through validated questionnaires filled out by subjects, and food handlers’ practices were obtained through observation with a checklist. Subjects who scored >70 were considered to have sufficient knowledge and practice. Good sanitation hygiene was collected through interviews and face-to-face observations and given a score to determine appropriate sanitation hygiene scores. c2 and Pearson correlation analyses were performed.Results: Subjects generally had sufficient knowledge (82.8%) but poor food handling practices (57.8%) because of less frequent and comprehensive training, and food handlers did not apply their knowledge in food processing. Only a quarter of catering services (6 of 24) were rated as having good sanitary hygiene. There was no relationship between food handlers’ knowledge and practices and appropriate sanitation hygiene scores in catering services (p = 0.925 and 0.2363, respectively).Conclusion: Food handlers generally have sufficient food safety knowledge but have poor practice categories, and sanitation hygiene scores are in the inappropriate category. There is no relationship between food handlers’ knowledge and practices and sanitation hygiene scores in catering services.Keywords: Knowledge; practice; food handlers; hygiene sanitation; catering services.

Characterisation of the Utrerana Chicken Breed Farms in Spain.

With the aim to characterise the situation of the subsector, 25 poultry farms of the endangered native Utrerana chicken egg-laying-oriented breed (Gallus gallus Linnaeus, 1758) were surveyed in Andalusia (southern Spain) from 2021 to 2023 to investigate the structure of the farms, number of birds, health status, feeding management, and marketing of their products. It was found that the pace of foundation of Utrerana chicken farms accelerated from 2009, and most of the farms were concentrated in the province of Seville. Only 40% of the farms were legally registered. This breed is raised on small farms mainly dedicated to self-supply and raising birds for conformation and their aesthetic values, with limited marketing of eggs and meat, with facilities consisting often of one poultry house and one outdoor enclosure, and with a low number of laying hens per farm (53.5 on average). Current productivity is low, with an average of 139 eggs per hen per year, but hens have a long reproductive lifespan, averaging 4 years. The Partridge variety of the breed was the most common, followed by the Black-barred and Black varieties, while the White variety was very scarce, with only 31 specimens in total. Two-thirds of the farmers also raised other breeds of chickens, in addition to the Utrerana. The management and production system was free-range or backyard, with a certain proximity to the requirements of European Union-certified organic production with regard to stocking densities and generally with a good sanitary status, respect for welfare, and implementation of biosecurity measures on the farms. The feeding of the chickens was based on grazing in outdoor enclosures and on the provision of grains and compound feed, with 40.0% of farmers using commercial compound feed and half preparing feed themselves. Two-thirds of the farmers were affiliated with the National Association of Utrerana Chicken Breeders ("Asociación Nacional de Criadores de Gallinas Utreranas", ANCGU, in Spanish); almost half of them took part with their birds in fairs and conformation shows, such as the Utrerana Chicken Fair held in Utrera (province of Seville) and more than a quarter of them have sold live birds of the breed at these fairs. The farmers carry out few promotional and advertising activities for their farms and products, predominantly by using social networks, and the market area reached is mainly local. In conclusion, this research has shown that the current alternative production system for Utrerana chicken is similar to that of the hens that originated the breed and consists of a few amateur farms, with a small number of birds, distributed mainly throughout the Andalusian countryside. It has been highlighted that there is a need for the livestock authorities to implement programmes for supporting farmers and promoting the breeding of this endangered avian breed, native to the Spanish zoogenetic heritage.

LEGAL PROTECTION FOR CONSUMERS OF E-2B BANDA ACEH REFILL DRINKING WATER DEPOT IN TERMS OF INDONESIAN POSITIVE LAW AND ISLAMIC LAW

Article 1 of Law No. 8 of 1999 which regulates "Consumer protection law", in Article 1 states "Consumer protection as all efforts that ensure legal certainty to provide protection to consumers". The researcher applies empirical law in this study, which is legal research that examines the adoption or application of normative legal provisions in each unique legal event in society. Various data sources were used, including secondary data from a literature review as well as primary data from interviews with business owners. The research findings show that the E-2B Banda Aceh refillable drinking water depot business has taken steps to protect consumers by obtaining SLHS in accordance with Permenkes No. 492 of 2010. With the SLHS, the business has met good sanitation and hygiene standards in processing and distributing drinking water that is free from bacteria as required by the Ministry of Health based on Permenkes No. 492 of 2010. The principles of fairness, integrity, and accountability are the basis of consumer protection in Islamic law.

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FAMILY ENVIRONMENTAL SANITATION AND THE INCIDENCE OF STUNTING IN TODDLERS IN THE MEDAN BELAWAN I VILLAGE AREA

Abstract contains: A good and healthy environment is important to support human survival. Environmental cleanliness can reflect the lifestyle of a society. The achievement of good environmental sanitation is highly dependent on the process and behavior of the community in maintaining the quality of environmental sanitation, stunting is short or very short based on length/height according to age less than -2 definition standards (SD) on the growth curve. The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between environmental sanitation and stunting in the Medan Belawan I area. This type of research is cantitacle. The population includes the home environment of toddlers who were taken as many as 40 respondents. sampling using simple random sampling technique. The instrument used was a questionnaire from the Ministry of Health. The results of this study showed that there was no effect of family environmental sanitation on the incidence of stunting with a p value of 0.900.

Pemanfaatan Automatic Wastafel Portable (Awp) Yang Cerdas Dan Ramah Lingkungan Sebagai Pengaplikasian Perilaku Hidup Bersih Dan Sehat

This study aims to improve hygiene practices at Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Swasta Insan Ikhlas Islamic School by implementing an environmentally-friendly, sensor-based Automatic Portable Sink (APS). Initial observations showed that the school’s hand-washing facilities did not meet health standards, particularly in terms of hygiene and contact reduction. The proposed solution is a no-touch APS designed to facilitate hygienic hand-washing and reduce bacterial spread among students. The method used includes socialization, guidance, and demonstration of APS usage in the school environment, with monitoring of students’ hygiene behavior changes. The results show that APS effectively raises awareness and improves hand-washing practices among students while contributing to a cleaner school environment. Additionally, this eco-friendly APS reduces soap waste that could otherwise pollute surrounding areas. This innovation is expected to be replicable in other educational institutions to support good sanitation practices and meet health standards in educational settings.

Cleanliness and Health Of Pa.So.La Kitchen, The Ritz Carlton Jakarta Pacific Place

By implementing good hygiene and sanitation practices, employees can carry out their duties efficiently and produce high-quality food in Pa.So.La Kitchen, The Ritz-Carlton Pacific Place Hotel, which aligns with the hotel's motto, "We Are Ladies And Gentlemen Serving Ladies And Gentlemen". Data were collected through observation, interviews, and information from The Ritz-Carlton Pacific Place Hotel. This study shows that The Ritz-Carlton Jakarta Pacific Place Hotel's procedures have mostly met the company's standards regarding hygiene and sanitation. The benefits of this implementation include cleanliness of the kitchen area, adequate kitchen facilities, employee health, and the use of quality cleaning materials.

Factors Associated With The Incidence Of Diarrhea In ToddlersIn The Meureubo Health Center Working Area, Meureubo Sub-District, West Aceh District In 2023

Diarrhea in children under five is a significant public health problem, especially in developing countries, where the incidence and mortality rate due to diarrhea is still high. This phenomenon is further exacerbated by the lack of access to proper sanitation and health education among the community. This study aims to identify factors related to the incidence of diarrhea in toddlers in the working area of the Meureubo Health Center, Meureubo District, West Aceh Regency, in 2023. The method used is a literature study, with data and information obtained from various sources, including scientific journals, articles, and related reports. The analysis was carried out on factors that affect the incidence of diarrhea, such as environmental sanitation, diet, immunization status, and parental knowledge about health and diarrhea prevention. Although there has been previous research on diarrhoea in toddlers, there is still a lack of understanding the specific association between parental knowledge and the incidence of diarrhoea in this local context. The results of the study showed that drinking water quality, hygiene practices, and parental knowledge about diarrhea prevention had a significant influence on the incidence of diarrhea in toddlers. These findings emphasize the need for health interventions that focus on improving access to clean water, good sanitation, and education for parents. This research is expected to provide useful information for the development of more effective health intervention programs in the region as well as increase public awareness about the importance of diarrhoea prevention among toddlers.

Sanitation Control of Ferry Ports in Tanjung Harapan Harbor

Environmental sanitation is an activity to create healthy environmental conditions in the port area. Good sanitation conditions can prevent disease transmission. Sanitary conditions in the Port of Tanjung Harapan Selat Panjang are not good enough, characterized by rat catching which increases every year, poor drainage conditions, and inadequate sanitation facilities. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the management of sanitation at Tanjung Harapan Harbor in Selat Panjang to become input material to make it better in the future. This research uses a qualitative method with a system approach based on input, process and output where the data collected comes from interviews, observation and documentation and is analyzed using triangulation. Sanitary management of the Port of Tanjung Harapan Selat Panjang is managed by port management and supervised by the Port Health Office. Sanitary management at the Port of Tanjung Harapan Selat Panjang is already running but not optimal, there are still obstacles from the aspects of human resources, large financing and inadequate infrastructure such as the unavailability of TPS and WWTP for waste management. Port sanitation management must be maintained to prevent the development of disease vectors and transmission of various types of diseases. The need for good cooperation between the manager and the Port Health Office to create a healthy port.

Community empowerment in stunting prevention and control to build a healthy and productive generation

Stunting is a chronic nutritional problem that significantly impacts children's physical and cognitive development, as well as a long-term effect on the quality of the next generation. This community service aims to empower the community in efforts to prevent and overcome stunting to build a healthy and productive generation. This program is carried out through balanced nutrition education, promotion of exclusive breastfeeding, increased access to good sanitation, and monitoring children's growth and development. The methods used include training Posyandu cadres, counselling pregnant and lactating women, and collaborating with local governments to strengthen health facilities at the village level. The service results showed increased community knowledge and skills in identifying and preventing stunting risk factors. In addition, this program also encourages active community participation in maintaining children's health and the environment. With sustainable empowerment, it is hoped that the stunting rate can be suppressed to create a healthy and productive generation

Assessment of Sanitation Services and Practices among Local Community in West B Municipality in Zanzibar Island, United Republic of Tanzania

Good basic sanitation services and practices are essential in maintaining generally accepted standards for personal hygiene and public health. The objective of this paper is to assess the sanitation services and practices among the local community in West B Municipality in Zanzibar Island, United Republic of Tanzania. The study uses a cross-sectional study design. Raosoft online sample calculator was used to determine the sample size while systematic random sampling was applied to select the respondents. Results show that a substantial proportion of the community uses on-site sanitation systems by which excreta and wastewater are collected and stored in containments within the vicinity, requiring emptying when full. Many toilets have security issues as they lack privacy and user comfort. About 28.8% have unlockable doors, 21.2% have fixed clothing curtains and 3.8% are completely open. In the area, Indian-type squat toilets are dominant (78.75%), followed by traditional pit latrines (20%). A slightly large percentage (55%) of households use motorised but the remaining percentage (45%) use non-motorised means of emptying and transportation. The study further found limited or ineffectual use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) among the sludge workers, thus risking their health and safety. The conveyed sludge waste is usually taken to a designated treatment plant, disposed of in excavated pits or dumped openly in the forest. This implies that sanitation services and practices in West B are inadequate, leading to disease transmission due to environmental pollution. The study recommends compliance with standards and guidelines, awareness and advocacy, technological innovations, stakeholder involvement and research and development on sanitation services and practices.

Prevalence and associated risk factors of stunting, wasting/thinness, and underweight among primary school children in Kandahar City, Afghanistan: a cross-sectional analytical study

BackgroundUndernutrition, which includes stunting, wasting, and underweight, is a global problem, especially among children of low- and middle-income countries. To our knowledge, this study is first of its type from Afghanistan. Its main objectives were to estimate the prevalence and associated risk factors of stunting, wasting/thinness, and underweight among urban primary school children in Kandahar city of Afghanistan.MethodsThis school-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 1205 primary school children aged 6–12 years during a period of six months (October 2022–March 2023). Anthropometric measurements and other data were collected from all the participants. Data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics, Chi square test (using crude odds ratio or COR), and multivariate logistic regression (using adjusted odds ratio or AOR).ResultsAmong the 1205 enrolled government school students, 47.4%, 19.5%, and 25.6% had stunting, wasting/thinness, and underweight, respectively. Statistically significant factors associated with stunting were age group 6–9 years (AOR 1.3, 95% CI 1.1–1.7), being girl (AOR 2.3, 95% CI 1.8–3.0), poverty (AOR 2.2, 95% CI 1.5–3.2), large family (AOR 3.0, 95% CI 2.4–3.9), illiterate mother (AOR 1.6, 95% CI 1.0–2.6), jobless head of the family (AOR 3.3, 95% CI 2.3–4.8), and skipping breakfasts (AOR 1.7, 95% CI 1.2–2.3). Main factor associated with wasting/thinness were age group 6–9 years (AOR 30.5, 95% CI 11.8–78.7), skipping breakfasts (AOR 22.9, 95% CI 13.9–37.8), and history of sickness during the past two weeks (AOR 17.0, 95% CI 6.6–43.8). Also, main factors associated with underweight were age group 6–9 years (AOR 2.6, 95% CI 1.6–4.1), skipping breakfasts (AOR 2.6, 95% CI 1.8–3.6), and poor sanitation (AOR 1.9, 95% CI 1.1–3.2).ConclusionsStunting, wasting/thinness, and underweight are highly prevalent among primary school children (both girls and boys) in Kandahar city. It is recommended that local government (Afghanistan Ministry of Education and Ministry of Public Health) with the help of international organizations and donor agencies should implement comprehensive school-based feeding programs especially for girls. Health and nutrition education programs should be conducted with emphasis on nutrition of children aged 6–9 years as well as importance of healthy breakfast and good sanitation.

Analysis and Simulation of SEIR Mathematical Model of Stunting Case in Indonesia

Stunting is one of the focuses of the target for improving nutrition in the world until 2025. The government of Indonesia targets the prevalence of stunting to decrease to 14% in 2024. There are some factor affect stunting, some of them are sanitation, health care and parenting of child. In this research, we constructed a SEIR mathematical model of stunting case in Indonesia. There are four compartements in this model : the population of newborn are likely to be exposed to stunting (S), the population of children were having an early symptom stunting (E), the population of affected child stunting permanent (I) and the population of children showing symptom stunting but no caught stunting (free stunting) (R). The disease free and endemic equilibrium point are the equilibrium of the formed model. The local stability of equilibrium points have been analyzed, determined the basic reproduction number, and conducted a sensitivity analysis. If then is asymptotically stable If then is asymptotically stable. Sensitivity analysis revealed that the parameters and significantly contribute to the increase in the basic reproduction number . It means that the good sanitation, good healthcare, good parenting of child and decrease the rate of transmission indirectly from the person affected stunting are the most important thing to reduce the rate of stunting in Indonesia.

Implementation of Hygiene and Sanitation in Novotel Hotel Kitchen, Tangerang

Hygiene is an effort to maintain health with a focus on individual actions and personal care, while sanitation is an effort to maintain the health of the human environment. Good hygiene and sanitation in hotel kitchens is essential to maintain food health and safety, as well as to meet food industry hygiene standards. In a clean and well-maintained kitchen environment, the risk of food contamination can be minimized, preventing food-borne illnesses and ensuring customer satisfaction. This article discusses important practices for maintaining hygiene and sanitation in hotel kitchens, including maintaining equipment cleanliness, waste management, personal hygiene, and staff training. Implementation of strict monitoring and control systems is also necessary to ensure the effectiveness of these efforts in maintaining high standards of hygiene throughout hotel kitchen operations. This research aims to evaluate how cleanliness and sanitation are implemented in the Novotel Tangerang hotel kitchen, including aspects such as personal hygiene, cleanliness and sanitation of the kitchen area, and maintenance of kitchen equipment. The research method used uses descriptive (qualitative) data analysis, using various primary data sources such as observations, interviews, and secondary data such as certificates and log books. Research findings show that even though observations, interviews and document recording have been carried out, cleanliness and sanitation standards in the Novotel hotel kitchen, Tangerang have been fully met. This can be seen from various aspects such as personal hygiene, kitchen sanitation, and cleanliness of kitchen equipment

Implementation of the Independent Housing Stimulant Assistance Program in the Provision of Livable Houses in Soloy Agung Village, West Kulisusu District, North Buton Regency

This study aims to determine the implementation of the Independent Housing Stimulant Assistance Program in the provision of livable houses in Soloy Agung Village, West Kulisusu District, North Buton Regency. This research uses a qualitative approach. The informants in this study were selected using a purposive sampling technique, so that the informants in this study consisted of communities receiving uninhabitable housing assistance. The data in this study were obtained through interviews, observations and documentation. The data obtained was then analyzed qualitatively with an interactive model consisting of data reduction, data presentation and conclusion drawn. The results of the study show that there are three steps in the implementation of Self-Help Housing Stimulant Assistance in Soloy Agung Village, West Kulisusu District, first , community preparation, which includes recipient organization, socialization, household needs identification, store services, and proposal writing, is a process designed to enable potential recipients to be ready for the program and to guarantee success and sustainability; Second, Pre-execution activities are a series of arrangements made before the start of construction or restoration activities of the primary house. This regulation includes the identification of aid recipients, the distribution of assistance, and the completion of assistance; and third, the use of BSPS funds is regulated to ensure that the funds are used efficiently and in accordance with the program's objectives, which are to improve housing standards for low-income communities. This includes the creation of DRPBs, shop contracts, hiring handymen, purchasing building materials, performing real work, paying workers' wages, and reporting. BSPS software helps people build and repair livable homes, reduce financial burdens, and create healthy homes with good lighting, sanitation, and durability.

Maternal and fetal factors for determining the cesarean section type (scheduled/emergency) in bitches

One hundred and forty bitches and their offspring (689 puppies) were involved in this study. The influence of different maternal features such as age, breed (brachycephalic/non-brachycephalic), previous births (primiparous/multiparous), health status (complete/incomplete) and litter size over the type of cesarean sections (scheduled/emergency), the neonatal survival, and the incidence of congenital malformations were also examined. Scheduled cesareans were predominant (104/140), of which 90 % were brachycephalic breeds and females were mostly between 2 and 4 years old (54.8 %), multiparous (88.4 %) and with a correct health status (67.3 %). Emergency cesarean sections mainly involved non-brachycephalic breeds (80 %) and were carried out mostly in females under 4 years of age (72.2 %), primiparous (77.7 %), with incomplete health status and a large litter size (47.2 %). Perinatal mortality was notably higher in emergency C-sections (3.25 % and 13.3 %, scheduled and emergency C-sections, respectively); the highest incidence of neonatal mortality was recorded in young females (<2, 2–4 years old), primiparous and with incomplete health status. Congenital anomalies were observed in 4.50 % (31/689) of the puppies, with anasarca (38.71 %) and cleft palate (29.03 %) being the most frequently observed malformations. A higher incidence of congenital malformations was detected in puppies from dams with incomplete sanitary health and from inbreeding cross. Overall, the study provides valuable insights into the complex interplay between maternal characteristics and cesarean outcomes. Appropriate genetic selection, good sanitary health conditions, and the age of the reproducers, are pivotal factors in planning for gestation and improving the survival of neonates.

Home-based care practices on prevention of malaria in children under 5 years: A narrative review.

Malaria is a major threat to lives in developing countries, especially in Africa. A lot of measures have been tried to curb the increased mortality and morbidity associated with malaria. A lot of resources have been channeled to control the devastating effects of malaria in these parts of the world. The aim of this paper is to discuss home-based care practices on prevention of malaria in children under 5 years. By cutting back on bushes and upholding good hygiene and sanitation, malaria in young children can be prevented in homes. This lessens disease and transmission while also assisting in death prevention and disease reduction. In Africa, Uganda is the third most affected country by malaria, which is a major cause of high morbidity and mortality in young children and pregnant women. This has forced the Government of Uganda and implementing partners, including the Global Fund and the Roll Back Malaria initiative, to redouble efforts to increase the use of insecticide-treated mosquito nets. Effective use of insecticide-treated bed nets is necessary to eliminate the above serious sequelae in children under 5 years old. Households and especially caregivers apply the use of impregnated mosquito nets and cleaning of surrounding bushes. According to research results, the use of indoor residual spray nets and insecticide-impregnated nets has significantly contributed to the prevention of malaria in children.

An Environmental Audit of Aracari Resort

Tourism impacts the economy, the natural and built environment, the immediate population, and even tourists – the very resource needed by the industry to remain viable. Regular assessment of the environmental performance of the industry is necessary to ascertain compliance with national standards and regulations. This is achieved with an environmental audit. To this end, an environmental audit was conducted at the Aracari Resort, almost a decade after it began operations. The Resort’s operations should have minimal impact on public health and the environment, as evidenced by good sanitation, safety measure implementation, and adherence to the Public Health Legislation and Occupation Health &amp; Safety Act. The methodology used included monitoring of water quality and use, noise, and energy; and direct observation of waste and safety management. The results showed that water quality parameters such as pH, temperature, phosphorus and ammonium were in compliance with the national effluent discharge guidelines; however, chlorides, chemical oxygen demand, and total suspended solids were not. Water metre readings revealed an average daily water consumption of 22.5m3 and an average weekly water consumption of 135m3. Noise produced from the Resort was in compliance with the daytime limits of 75 dB based on the national standard, but exceeded residential nighttime limits (from Friday to Sunday) of 60 dB. The average (55.6 kW), maximum (83.85 kW), and minimum (51.9 kW) power demands across a 7-day period were obtained from Fluke Monitoring System readings. Solid waste management was observed to be inadequate on days of planned events, with overflowing bins evident on the premises. Safety measures were implemented for food, chemical handling and storage, swimming pool safety, and fire safety, which were observed to be consistent with the standards. The facility’s overall performance was satisfactory based on the evaluation criteria, and some environmental practices of Aracari Resort conformed to the Environmental Protection Agency requirements and other established guidelines. Areas identified for improved compliance and enhanced environmental management included the implementation of an environmental policy, regular monitoring of environmental parameters, and staff training on the terms and conditions of the Environmental Permit.

Assessment of Recreational Activities and Greening of Urban-Parks in Kharkiv

Abstract Urban-parks, as sports and gaming locations, are a new type of landscape facilities in Ukraine, the first of which were created in Kharkiv. The three urban-parks in Kharkiv have been studied: Molodizhnyi, Saltivskyi and urban-park on Yuriyeva Bulevard. Recreational studies and plant inventories have been conducted to determine the popularity of the parks in 2021. The recreation surveys considered two indicators: the degree of recreation and the length of time visitors spent in the park. Field surveys were conducted in August and October. Saltivskyi urban-park was the most visited, and Molodizhnyi park was the least visited. The presence of playgrounds for pre-school children and children with disabilities makes Saltivskyy more attractive. The calculation of the average length of stay of the visitors on the territory showed that the visitors spend from 1,3 h/day to 1,77 h/day in the urban-parks. It is possible to identify shortcomings in the design of urban parks and make suggestions for their improvement based on the results of recreational load and greenery inventory assessment in urban-parks. The inventory showed that the area of green spaces in the urban-parks has decreased as a result of reconstruction. The level of greenery in Saltivskyi and Molodizhnyi urban parks is rather low and does not meet national regulatory requirements. There are 28 plant taxa of 11 families used in landscaping of the urban-parks, the greatest diversity in Molodizhnyi has been observed. It is necessary to optimize the existing assortment of plants. Some of them are not in a good sanitary condition, which has a negative impact on the overall decorative appearance of the plants and the parks in general.