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Analisis Efisiensi dan Efektivitas Sistem Produksi dengan Metode Troubleshooting pada PT Chandra Nugerah Cemerlang

PT Chandra Nugerah Cemerlang is a company that operates in the production of motorcycle and car components. To streamline its production, PT Chandra Nugerah Cemerlang uses production factors including raw materials, labor, capital, and specific technology. The main goal is to maintain and expand market share through good production results. Based on the above background, researchers are interested in knowing the extent of efficiency and effectiveness capacity of the production factors at PT Chandra Nugerah Cemerlang, especially labor and machine factors. CNC Group operates in manufacturing and engineering, producing components and spare parts for two-wheeled and four-wheeled vehicles using pressing and welding processes. PT Chandra Nugrah Cemerlang has customers such as Yamaha, Suzuki, and Kawasaki. One of the production processes to be analyzed is the welding robot line at PT CNC 2, which includes 18 robot welders and 3 Otc Daihen manual welding machines. Manual welding is used to fix suboptimal results from the robot welding. PT CNC Group is also committed to improving culture, human resources, and productivity to face global competition.

Research and application of dual tube gas lift technology in coal bed methane well

ABSTRACT Coal bed methane (CBM) is a gas resource associated with and symbiotic with coal, which refers to the hydrocarbon gas stored in the coal seam, with methane as the main component, which belongs to unconventional natural gas. The development and utilization of CBM has the effect of achieving multiple things in one fell swoop: clean energy, commercialization can produce huge economic benefits. At present, rod pump, screw pump and other lifting technologies commonly used in CBM drainage and production have poor adaptability, short pump inspection period, and it is difficult to enter horizontal section in horizontal well. Aiming at this problem, a new method of efficient CBM lifting is proposed by adopting dual-pipe gas lift technology. In this paper, the basic principle of double tube gas lift is analyzed, the optimization design of gas injection volume, coiled tubing size and coiled tubing running depth is carried out, and the field technology application of vertical and horizontal Wells is carried out. The results show that the dual tube gas lift technology has good adaptability in the deliquification of CBM, and the field application has achieved good production results. After the process modification, gas production of CBM Wells increases continuously, while water production decreases gradually, with the maximum gas rate exceeding 2400 m3/d. According to the latest production data, well L31 has been in steady production for more than 9 months, with an average gas rate of 1294.56 m3/d, which greatly exceeds the capacity before the transformation. Because there are no moving parts in the wellbore, the pump inspection period is greatly improved, and it has the potential to be widely applied in CBM.

Optimization study of encrypted deployment for dense well network

At present, there are some problems in a certain block, such as the high ratio of oil and water wells, the high ratio of unconnected and unidirectional connectivity, the prominent plane contradiction, the great difference in the development effect between wells, the rapid rise of water cut, the large decline rate, and the small measure area. Based on the analysis of reservoir production status and remaining oil, well pattern encryption adjustment is carried out for a certain block. The three proposed encryption adjustment schemes are analyzed by numerical simulation, and the optimal scheme is selected. After field implementation, the encrypted well pattern has achieved good production results.

Strategi Pengembangan Penangkaran Benih Melalui Kegiatan Desa Mandiri Benih

Rice is the primary staple food source for most of Indonesia's population. Rice is a strategic commodity that is quite significant for the State's social, economic, political, and even security aspects to meet food needs and sustainable self-sufficiency targets; substantial efforts are needed, namely by the quality of seeds strongly influences increasing productivity and increasing productivity and the quality of plant products. Breeding seeds through the Desa Mandiri Benih activity is one of the efforts to meet the needs of seeds and solve seed problems at the farmer level. The objectives of this study were: To analyze the influencing factors and formulate appropriate strategies for developing independent village seed breeder groups in Watang Pulu District, Sidenreng Rappang Regency. This research was conducted for 2 (two) months, from December 2020 to January 2021. The research sample was 8 people, including Bureaucracy, Extension and Farmer group members. The analysis used is the analysis of internal and external factors, SWOT strategy and QSPM analysis. The results showed that the internal and external factors that influenced the development of seed breeding were good production results, limited capital, increased awareness of farmers about the use of certified seeds and pests and diseases. The analysis results are three strategic priorities: Increasing seed production and establishing partnerships with seed companies, Optimizing group potential by improving captive facilities and infrastructure, and Improving coordination with relevant agencies and extension workers to facilitate the development of seed breeding.

A Comprehensive Guide to Different Fracturing Technologies: A Review

Hydraulic fracturing has made the production of gas more economical. Shale gas possesses the potential to arise as a main natural gas source worldwide. It has been assessed that the top 42 countries, including the U.S., are predicted to own 7299 trillion cubic feet (tcf) of technically recoverable shale gas resources. The main goal of this paper is to serve as a guide of different shale gas extraction methods. The significance of these methods and possible pros and cons are determined. Each technique was explained with the support of literature review. Specifically, this paper revealed that some fracking methods such as pulsed arc electrohydraulic discharges (PAED), plasma stimulation and fracturing technology (PSF), thermal (cryogenic) fracturing, enhanced bacterial methanogenesis, and heating of rock mass are at the concept stage for conventional and other unconventional resources. Thus, these found to be significant for stimulating natural gas wells, which provides very good production results. This paper also discovered that fracking remains the recommended technique used by the oil and gas industries.

Research on Investment and Daily Production Limit of Largescale Fracturing Productivity Project of New Vertical Well

Large-scale fracturing technology is a new type of fracturing technology developed in recent years along with the fracturing theory research of natural fractured reservoirs. The application of large-scale fracturing in vertical wells has achieved good production results. However, due to the short application time of new technology in oilfields and the low regularity of development indexes, there is no economic evaluation method for shaping. This paper evaluates the development effect of large-scale fracturing in Daqing Oilfield, clarifies the variation law of its development index, and establishes the index prediction method in the evaluation period. Through sorting out the various depreciation calculation methods used in economic evaluation, the appropriate modified production method is selected as the method of calculating depreciation. Based on the relevant data and results of economic evaluation of oilfield development, the economic evaluation method of large-scale fracturing technology productivity project has been formed, and the calculation program has been compiled. The program is used to calculate the investment boundaries of large-scale fracturing blocks with different single well daily production under the condition of multiple oil prices, draw the maps of single well investment and single well daily production boundaries under different oil prices in large-scale fracturing blocks, and analyze the sensitivity of investment boundaries. The research results will be applied in proven reserves submission, unused reserves evaluation and oilfield development planning. Using this method for reference, the boundary maps of conventional water flooding development and large-scale volume fracturing can be drawn, and the research results can be applied to a greater extent.

Relationships between broiler final weights and microbiota of certain segments of the intestine

Only healthy animals can expect good production results. Gastrointestinal tract (GIT) health is of particular importance in broilers. GIT health has been protected by antibiotics as growth promoters for years. Since their use is forbidden, alternatives are required. One alternative is the use of medium chain fatty acid (MCFA) in broiler nutrition, in order to ensure the health of digestive tract, that is, prevent the activity of pathogenic bacteria, coccidias and viruses. Today, commercial MCFA supplement is used on the market in nutrition of broilers and piglets. Previous experiences of using MCFA in nutrition of broilers suggest that MCFA can be used as a substitute for antibiotics. In the duodenum of experimental broilers (a group of birds fed with added MCFA), the numbers of Enterococcus spp. and E. coli were significantly correlated with bird weight, but this was not the case in other intestinal segments (ileum or caecum).

Effect of Ni–Mo Carbide Catalyst Formation on Furfural Hydrogenation

High-loading Ni–Mo carbide catalysts were prepared by the modified gel-combustion method under various thermal treatment conditions. All samples were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, which showed that the catalysts could contain cubic and hexagonal molybdenum carbides, nickel, nickel oxide and Ni–Mo solid solutions, depending on the thermal treatment conditions. Study of catalyst activity and selectivity in the hydrogenation of furfural was carried out in a batch reactor at 150 °C and hydrogen pressure 6.0 MPa. Analysis of the reaction products showed that the highest yields of 2-methylfuran (2-MF) and furfuryl alcohol (FA) were achieved using catalysts synthesized by calcination of the nickel-molybdenum-carbon precursor at 400 °С with the following reduction in a stream of hydrogen at 600 °C. The best results for production of FA with a yield of 80 mol % and 2-MF with a yield of 29 mol % were observed using Ni6MoC–SiO2 (400/600) and Ni1MoC–SiO2 (400/600) catalysts, respectively. It has been shown that the addition of nickel to the carbide molybdenum catalyst significantly increases the activity of the catalytic systems. In addition, nickel also contributes to the formation of products formed by hydrogenation of the aromatic ring tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol (THFA) and 2-methyltetrahydrofuran (2-MTHF).

ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECTS OF DISINFECTION OF THE SURFACES AND EQUIPMENT IN DIFFERENT PRODUCTION UNITS ON A PHEASANT FARM BY THE APPLICATION OF PARACETIC ACID AND FORMALDEHYDE BASED SOLUTIONS

Pheasant farms represent semi-closed production facilities with severalproduction units that are cyclically connected and are used for growing pheasantsof different age categories. Production units consist of an aviary for parent stock,egg storage room, incubation station, facilities for raising young pheasants and openaviaries where pheasants are raised till their release on hunting areas. Continuousimplementation of biosafety measures at all stages of the technological process ofproduction is necesarry in order to achieve good production results ; that is raisinghealthy pheasants. Disinfection is one of the most important biosigurative measureswhich must be continually implemented in farm facilities. In this paper, the effectof disinfection with peracetic acid and paraformaldehyde based solutions has beenmonitored at different stages of production, and on different surfaces. Monitoringof the microbiological status of the area within the production facillity resulted inreduction of the total number of bacteria, fungi and mold in a smaller or greaterextent depending on the place of sampling and type of a production unit.

Mode of Managing Nutrient Solution Based on N Use Efficiency for Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.).

In aeroponic cultivation the nutrient solution is an essential component to achieve good production results. And nitrogen is the main constituent element of the nutrient solution and essential element in plant nutrition. Therefore, the management and monitoring nutrient solution and existing nitrogen is fundamental. The experiment shows that three modes of replacing the nutrient solution and three initial pH values and their interaction significantly influenced the fresh weight and dry matter of lettuce. The highest values of fresh and dry weight were recorded in the fifth treatment where there is an interaction between pH 6 and the mode of replacing half of the nutrient solution. The consumption rate of nitrate nitrogen (NO3-N), ammonium nitrogen (NH4-N) and gross nitrogen (GN) was higher during stage 1 (10 days after transplanting), especially for the mode of complete replacing nutrient solution.

Padronização de técnica manual para obtenção de plasma rico em plaquetas de bovino

Resumo: Para padronização de uma técnica manual para a obtenção de plasma rico em plaquetas (PRP) autólogo em bovinos com custo reduzido (método manual) e de boa qualidade (capacidade de concentrar plaquetas, alta concentração de fatores de crescimento e contaminação reduzida com leucócitos e eritrócitos), que poderá ser utilizado como um agente modulador da resposta imune de vacas com diferentes enfermidades, 450 ml de sangue total de nove vacas clinicamente saudáveis e com perfil hematológico normal foi coletado em bolsas de sangue CPDA-1 e processado dentro de quatro horas após a coleta. O sangue foi separado em alíquotas para avaliar 8 protocolos (P) de centrifugação dupla que variaram quanto a velocidade e o tempo de centrifugação. A contagem de plaquetas, eritrócitos e leucócitos na suspensão obtida (PRP) foi realizada pelo método manual em câmara de Neubauer: P5 (400g e 800g ambos durante 10 min) foi o protocolo com maior número de plaquetas, seguido por P3 (120g e 473g ambos durante 10 min), P4 (300g e 640g durante 10 min cada), P6 (640g durante 10 min e 640g durante 5 min), P8 (640g durante 5 min e 120g durante 10 min) e P7 (720g e 720g durante 5 min) e diferentes (p<0,05) dos menores valores encontrados em P1 (120g e 240g, ambos por 5 minutos) e P2 (120g e 473g ambos por 5 min). Em relação aos eritrócitos, P8, P7, P6, P5 e P4 apresentaram menores concentrações e maiores valores (p<0,05) foram observados em P3 e P2. Menores quantidades de leucócitos foram observadas em P5, P6, P8 e P7 com o maior valor obtido em P2 (p<0,05). Todos os protocolos (P1 a P8) foram eficientes em concentrar plaquetas sendo o valor mais baixo (3,65±0,79) observado em P1. Em relação aos fatores de crescimento ao se mensurar TGF- 1, os protocolos P1 e P8 evidenciaram valores mais elevados. De acordo com os resultados obtidos os protocolos P5 e P8 apresentaram os melhores resultados para confecção de PRP bovino.

Standardized production of Phyllanthus tenellus Roxb. by plant tissue culture

Exigencies as ethic plant raw material are part of the needs of modern phytotherapy. Micropropagation offers opportunities to obtain mass propagation of superior genotypes in short time. This study aimed to develop a protocol of direct and indirect organogenesis of Phyllanthus tenellus Roxb. Nodal segments from plantlets obtained by in vitro germination were subcultured in modified Murashige and Skoog medium added with different plant growth regulators: IAA (indole-3-acetic acid), IBA (indole-3-butyric acid), GA 3 (3-giberelic acid) and KIN (kinetin). The highest proliferation rate was obtained using the combinations: IBA, KIN + GA 3 (3.5 mg L -1 ) and IBA + KIN (2.4 mg L -1 ). Rooting was intensified after 40 days, reaching 100% for all media with indole-3-butyric acid. Addition of 2,4 dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4D) provided the best results for production of friable calli. Acclimatization was 100% effective for plantlets cultured in control medium, with decrease in survival rate in grown plantlets from media added with growth regulators.

Milk feeding systems for dairy calves in groups: effects on feed intake, growth and health

The number of calves reared in groups is increasing. If the calves are reared in small groups, they can be fed from buckets with or without teats or from small containers connected with teats via tubes. In big groups the simplest solution is ad libitum feeding from the containers with teats or from automatic feeders. Recently, the computer-controlled milk feeding system has become more common. Good production results have been obtained in large groups with ad libitum feeding of milk but there can be problems, especially, when weaning the calves. When calves obtain milk ad libitum they usually eat little concentrates and this can lead to post weaning lag in growth. One disadvantage of ad libitum feeding is the economic feasibility of this system compared to restricted feeding, because milk amounts drunk are so big. The risk of infection is higher in groups, whatever the milk feeding method is, and this can lead to health problems in big groups. Not many experiments about the effect of the computer-controlled milk feeding system on feed intake, growth, and health of dairy calves have been carried out, especially with big groups of 25–30 calves. According to farm questionnaires especially the incidence of respiratory disease has been increasing when group feeding with the computer-controlled milk feeding systems has been installed. More knowledge is needed about problems with big calves disturbing milk intake of smaller calves, the best age and method to introduce the calves to the equipment, and detection of illnesses according to the intake data.

The relationship between farmers' attitude and behaviour towards calves, and productivity of veal units

Although veal production is highly standardised, there still remains variability in pro- ductivity between farms, which might be due to the farmers' behaviour towards their animals, which in turn depends on their attitude towards animals. Fifty farms affiliated with the same veal company were studied. The farmers' behaviour with the calves was observed during one morning meal. The farmers were then asked to fill in questionnaires designed to measure their attitude towards calves, and to obtain information about their background (e.g. age, gender, level of education). The pro- ductivity results (daily weight gain, feed conversion, and mortality rates) were obtained from the veal company. The frequency of gentle contacts was positively correlated with the description the farm- ers made of their behaviour with the calves and their beliefs about the sensitivity of calves. Female farmers showed a more positive behaviour towards the calves, had more positive beliefs about the importance of contacts with calves, and made a more positive description of their own behaviour. Pos- itive behaviour was associated with better productivity. Furthermore, bigger units had lower mortality rates. It is concluded that for veal farmers, a positive attitude towards calves, a positive behaviour towards them, and good production results are linked. veal calves / human-animal relationship / handling / behaviour / attitude

Inorganic Blood Phosphorus Levels Necessary for Satisfactory Production of Range Cattle in the Southwest

Investigations were conducted to determine time and extent of phosphorus deficiency of southwestern semidesert range forage, to compare the inorganic phosphorus content of the blood plasma of mineral fed cattle with that of non-mineral fed cattle and to determine whether seasonal feeding of mineral supplement would maintain a satisfactory inorganic phosphorus content in the blood plasma of breeding cows. Breeding cows which have received calcium and phosphorus supplements continuously have given good production results and have maintained satisfactory body weights. These results were obtained with an average inorganic blood plasma phosphorus level varying from 2.11 mg. during the winter to the high of 5.37 mg. during the summer and fall months. The mean of all analyses including 781 determinations over 69 28-day periods was 3.53 mg. of inorganic phosphorus per 100 ml. of blood plasma. These analyses along with the calculated phosphorus intake of the cattle indicate that these cattle were receiving considerably less phosphorus than the widely used standards recommended.