Good Policy Research Articles

INFLUENCE OF JOB INSECURITY AND JOB STRESS TOWARDS EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE AT PT. BANK SULUTGO SUB BRANCH SAM RATULANGI

The purpose of this study is to determine whether job insecurity and job stress affect the performance of employees at PT. Bank SulutGo Sub Branch Sam Ratulangi.The population in this study were all active employees at PT. Bank SulutGo Sub Branch Sam Ratulangi, with a total of 31 employees. The sampling method used in this study is saturated sampling, with a sample of the entire population. The data analysis method used was multiple linear regression analysis using SPSS as a data processing tool.The results of data analysis show that job insecurity has a negative and significant effect on employee performance, and job stress has a positive and significant effect on employee performance. For leaders at this company is expected to be able to issue good policies for the employees and also with the Covid-19 and digitalization era, leaders need to make plans for existing employees so they feel safe and comfortable with their existing jobs. And also the leader must be able to make employees able to maximize the performance of their employees without having to feel stressed. Keywords: job insecurity, job stress, employee performance

Opportunities or Threats? The Role of Entrepreneurial Risk Perception in Shaping the Entrepreneurial Motivation

Entrepreneurial risk is an important factor that individuals must consider when starting their own business. The COVID-19 continues to rage, bringing great challenges to China’s economy and entrepreneurial activities. In this study, college students encounter greater entrepreneurial risks. There are two opposing views on the role of entrepreneurial risk in shaping individual entrepreneurial motivation: one view that risk is a threat, and the other view that entrepreneurial risk contains opportunity. Existing studies have discussed the issues from individual factors and environment factors, respectively, ignoring the combined effects of individual and environment factors. Person–situation transactions theory points out that individuals usually make their final behavior choices based on their comprehensive evaluation of environmental factors and themselves. Therefore, individual and environment factors should be integrated to investigate the effect of entrepreneurial risk on entrepreneurial motivation. Based on the person–situation transactions theory, this study establishes a theoretical model that entrepreneurial risk perception influences necessity and opportunity entrepreneurial motivation through entrepreneurial self-efficacy and discusses the moderating effect of entrepreneurship policy. A questionnaire survey was conducted on 595 fresh graduates from eight universities in China to obtain relevant data and the Structural Equation modelling was established to test the hypothesis. The results confirm that without the influence of external factors, college students regard entrepreneurial risk as a great threat, which not only weakens their entrepreneurial self-efficacy, but also reduces their necessity and opportunity entrepreneurial motivation. However, with the support of good entrepreneurial policies, entrepreneurial risk can be transformed into an opportunity to improve the entrepreneurs motivation driven by necessity of college students, but the impact on the opportunity motivation is not significant. This study deeply analyzes the dual characteristics of entrepreneurial risk perception in the process of shaping individual entrepreneurial motivation, expands the related research on entrepreneurial risk perception and entrepreneurial motivation, and has important implications for the government and universities to formulate entrepreneurial policies for college students.

Revenue Management with Heterogeneous Resources: Unit Resource Capacities, Advance Bookings, and Itineraries over Time Intervals

There are a variety of revenue management systems that require making pricing or availability decisions for unique resources. For example, lodging marketplaces, boutique hotels, and bed-and-breakfasts offer unique rooms, apartments, or houses. Matching platforms for freelancers recommend differentiated workers with unique characteristics. When managing unique resources, one has to keep track of the availability of each resource at each time point in the future. Moreover, if the customers substitute between different resources, then the pricing and availability decisions for all resources become interdependent. Thus, it can be challenging to find good policies to make pricing or availability decisions. In “Revenue Management with Heterogeneous Resources: Unit Resource Capacities, Advance Bookings, and Itineraries over Time Intervals,” Rusmevichientong, Sumida, Topaloglu, and Bai consider revenue management problems when unique resources are requested for use over intervals of time under advance reservations. Using the interval structure of resource requests, they give policies with performance guarantees.

Performance Test of 1500 cc Fuel Motorcycle Using Pertalite – Bioethanol Mixture Fuel on Exhaust Gas

The increasing world oil prices followed by the increasing demand for fossil fuels as well as the issue of the energy crisis and global warming which demands a better level of environmental quality have encouraged the government to take good policies in overcoming them. Currently the world has been thinking about alternative energy that can be used for diesel or otto motors. One of the alternative fuels developed is alcohol fuel. Alcohol is a type of hydrocarbon in which one of the hydrogen atoms is replaced by the hydroxyl radical OH. Many agricultural products in Indo-nesia have the potential to be developed as bioethanol. In this study, the effect of adding bioethanol on pertalite fuel will be studied. This is because pertalite is a fuel that is in accordance with the demands of automotive needs and developments. This study aims to determine the comparison of power, torque, and air-fuel ratio as well as to determine the comparison of the content of exhaust gas compounds tested on the Toyota Vios Limo 1500CC car using pertalite (E0) fuel, 10% pertalite-bioethanol mixture (E10). and 15% (E15), 20% (E20). The test results obtained that the calorific value of Pertalite fuel is 49411.98 kJ/kg, 10% gasohol has a value of 46764.82 kJ/kg, 15% gasohol has a value of 44262.82 kJ/kg, and then 20% gasohol has a val-ue of 45735.42 kJ/kg. The test results obtained an average torque and power per-formance of 10% gasohol fuel of 109.09 Nm and 71.73 HP. The highest air-fuel ratio in fuel but the table shows the highest air-fuel ratio in 15% gasohol fuel is 15.46 and then the lowest air-fuel ratio in 10% gasohol fuel is 11.58. Exhaust emis-sion levels for each compound tested for each fuel are still below the standard vehicle exhaust emission thresholds set by Toyota and the environmental agency.

The Combination of Normative Juridical Methods and Literature in Educational Administration Research

Educational problems in the life of society and the nation, including educational administration, often require the use of research approaches and methods commonly used in other fields of science. The study of educational administration covers the area of study not only regarding administrative or management functions in education, but also other areas of study such as education policy, human resources, information systems and finance. Using the library method, it is known that research in education administration studies generally uses quantitative, qualitative, mixed quantitative-qualitative, and evaluative approaches/methods. Through a policy analysis approach, which originates from public policy studies, issues regarding education policy as part of education administration can focus on analyzing the substance of the policy in the form of state/government regulations that have been set by policy makers. Various educational policies that have been stipulated by the state/government, are areas of study for policy analysts so that they can be identified as belonging to the category of good policies or bad policies. Normative juridical methods commonly used in the study of law can be adapted as a methodological alternative in education administration research, which is combined with the library method.

An Introduction to The Impact of India's Use of Central Bank Digital Currency on the International Financial System

In the course of global research and development of Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC), researchers are increasingly aware of the importance of CBDC. India, one of the important economies in the world, has obtained many fruitful results in the research process of CBDC. This study draws on data and findings from previous studies by exploring the good policies and possible risks faced in the process of introducing CBDC in India. Based on the research data, it explores the impact of the introduction of CBDC in India on international monetary policy and the implications for other countries. The study shows that the introduction of CBDC may receive some hindrance due to the inadequate infrastructure and the difference in the quality of the population's education levelIn the course of global research and development of Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC), researchers are increasingly aware of the importance of CBDC. India, one of the important economies in the world, has obtained many fruitful results in the research process of CBDC. This study draws on data and findings from previous studies by exploring the good policies and possible risks faced in the process of introducing CBDC in India. Based on the research data, it explores the impact of the introduction of CBDC in India on international monetary policy and the implications for other countries. The study shows that the introduction of CBDC may receive some hindrance due to the inadequate infrastructure and the difference in the quality of the population's education level.

Revisiting the “Tradition of Local Control” in Public Education

In Milliken v. Bradley, the Supreme Court declared “local control” the single most important tradition of public education. Milliken and other related cases developed this notion of a tradition, which has frustrated attempts to achieve equitable school funding and desegregation through federal courts. However, despite its significant impact on American education, most scholars have treated the “tradition of local control” as doctrinally insignificant. These scholars depict the tradition either as a policy preference with no formal legal meaning or as one principle among many that courts may use to determine equitable remedies. This Note argues that the Supreme Court conceived of the tradition not merely as good policy or remedial law but as a principle that was supported by multiple freestanding constitutional provisions. It shows how the policy and remedial law explanations for the tradition do not fully explain the Court’s reasoning. It then demonstrates that the Court located the tradition in the federal Constitution’s guarantees of substantive due process, the right to vote, federalism, and the separation of powers.

Research on health care integration policy evaluation based on grounded theory and PMC index model

Health care integration is an important way to achieve healthy ageing and meet the personalized health care needs of the elderly. Based on 16 policies on health care integration introduced at the national level in China from 2013 to 2022, the open coding process of grounded theory was used to set up variable indicators and construct a PMC index model for quantitative evaluation of the policies. The results of the study show that the mean value of the PMC index of 16 policies is 7.42, including 12 excellent policies and 4 good policies. Through the PMC curve and depression index, it is found that the overall quality of the combined medical care and support policy in China is good, but it still needs further optimization and improvement in terms of policy timeliness, policy tools, policy operability and policy innovation.

Экономические и политические решения проблем сельского хозяйства

The food system faces three challenges: ensuring nourishment for growing popula-tion, providing livelihoods and environment protection. Good policy will have to find bal-ance between different goals of this triple task. Governments have the capacity to direct fi-nancial resources to coordinated packages of measures that can contribute to productive, sustainable and viable development of agricultural sectors of the economy. Countries can direct some of the resources to support research and development to promote emerging technologies, as well as to use the existing technologies and advanced practice.

Introduction to the Special Issue on Innovation and Good Policy

Introduction to the Special Issue on Innovation and Good Policy

ПРІОРИТЕТИ ЗОВНІШНЬОЇ ПОЛІТИКИ МЕКСИКИ НА ПОЧАТКУ ХХІ СТОЛІТТЯ: ОГЛЯД АДМІНІСТРАЦІЇ AMLOЛОПЕСА ОБРАДОРА

The article attempts to analyze the priorities of Mexico’s foreign policy at the beginning of the XXI century with an emphasis on reviewing the foreign policy strategy of the administration of President Andrés Manuel López Obrador (AMLO). The methodological basis of the study is a comparative analysis of Mexico’s foreign policy priorities. Currently, Mexico is the leading state in Latin America, which tries to implement an autonomous foreign policy, being involved in all international affairs. In the XXI century Mexico moved away from the policy of isolationism in accordance with the Estrada doctrine and began to be guided by the Castañeda doctrine  to conduct an active foreign policy both at the regional and global levels of the international system. Therefore, the following goals of Mexico’s foreign policy strategy can be defined: support of regional autonomy and a balanced policy in the international arena, issues of social and economic development of the state, relations with the U.S. Despite the ambitious goals of Mexican foreign policy, the state has a number of internal problems that undoubtedly affect its positioning in the world. It is worth noting that the administration of the previous President Peña Nieta emphasized the positioning of Mexico as an active player in the international arena. In turn, the López Obrador administration, being populist, puts domestic politics as the primary goal of its activities  following the principle “the best foreign policy is a good domestic policy”. Therefore, Mexican priorities under the AMLO administration are the development of trade and economic cooperation with Central American states, relations with the United States (in particular, within the framework of the USMCA and the reduction of migration flows), as well as non-interference in global issues of international politics. It should be noted that such non-interference is quite controversial on the example of the Russian-Ukrainian war  neutrality in condemning Russia’s aggression against Ukraine and the existing pro-Russian position of the leading political elites.

Western Balkans-EU relations between the USA, Russia and Turkey

Driven by stability and security concerns stemming from the recent past, the European Union (EU) has decided to include the Western Balkans (WB) in its enlargement process. in the meantime, the United States of America (USA), Russia, and Turkey have become engaged in promoting the need for balance of power in the region, although their interests have been mutually conflicting. in fact, the USA has supported the policies of the EU towards the WB to consolidate Euro-Atlantic integration and to maintain its authority as a superpower on the eastern side of the Atlantic. Another major power, Russia, has sought to counterbalance both the EU and the USA in the region by leveraging its close relations with Serbia. On the other hand, a neighboring country in the region, Turkey, has adopted the policy of soft power and good neighborly policy towards the WB to strengthen relations with old partners, based on perception of shared culture, heritage and history. This article analyzes the diverging national interests of the USA, Russia, and Turkey in the context of the Normative Power Europe approach pertaining to the WB.

The occurrence, fate, toxicity, and biodegradation of phthalate esters: An overview.

Phthalate esters (PAEs) are a class of emerging xenobiotic compounds that are extensively used as plasticizers. In recent times, there has been an increasing concern over the risk of this pervasive pollution exposure causing endocrine disruption and carcinogenicity in humans and animals. The widespread use of PAEs in home and industrial applications has resulted in their discharge in aquatic bodies via leaching, volatilization, and precipitation. In this overview, the current state of PAE pollution, its potential origins, its fate, as well as its effects on the aquatic environment are discussed. A state-of-the-art review of several studies in the literature that focus on the biological degradation of PAEs is included in this study. The paper aims to provide a comprehensive view of current research on PAEs in the environment, highlighting its fate and alleviated risks on the aquatic biotas, their challenges, future prospects, and the need for good management and policies for its remediation. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Occurrence of phthalate esters was summarized in various environmental matrices along with its serious ecotoxicological implications on biota. Wastewater is the prime source of PAEs contamination. Lack of species-specific effects on biota due to dose, exposure route, and susceptibility. The predominant route to mineralization in PAEs is biodegradation. A critical analysis of worldwide PAE production and consumption identifies the necessity for global PAE production, consumption, and release policies.

Implementation of Educational Policies for Socio-Economic and Political Development

Lack of effective in respect to serious implementation of educational policy has hampered Nigeria’s socioeconomic and political progress. The impetus or driving force behind implementing the policies created for efficient management of educational institutions is proper and sincere policy execution. It is thought that Nigeria’s socioeconomic and political development suffers greatly from the way that policymakers and those that implement handle educational initiatives. The paper thus provided a description of the application of educational policies, discussed some previously developed policies, identified the main reasons for pitiable application of educational policies, and discussed the detrimental effects of poor application of educational policies on Nigeria’s socioeconomic and political development. The study found that political inconsistencies were a significant hindrance to the socioeconomic and political development of Nigeria, and it stressed that the political elite in charge of implementing educational programs were mostly to blame for these issues. In order to achieve this, the study recommended appropriateness when making appointments, that poor educational policy implementation be sanctioned, and that all interested parties work together to ensure that viable and good educational policies are developed and that the necessary funds and resources are made available for proper implementation of educational policies so as to improve socio-economic and political development.

Influencing Attributes on Revenue Growth: An Empirical Analysis from SMEs in Tanzania

Purpose: Several studies have empirically investigated and measured firm growth in different aspects. Yet, no studies in Tanzania took advantage of enterprise surveys from World bank micro data to explore the effect of contingent and institutional factors on the firm's revenue growth. This paper will fill the gap by linking revenue growth with contingent and institutional factors. Methodology: By adopting the combined data sets from the World bank enterprise survey in 2006 and 2013, this paper regresses revenue growth measured by the log percentage change of sales against different kinds of contingent and institutional factors using Pooled Ordinary Least Square model. Findings: On average, contingent factors such as competition, small size and corruption positively affect revenue growth. Moreover, firms owned by a female, pressure from government regulations, tax rates, access to finance and skilled workforce are institutional factors significantly affecting the firms' revenue growth. The robust results indicate that these factors affect firms in the service industry more. Practical implications: The paper recommends that the government should have a mutual talk with firms' owners and review the regulations for firms' operations. Financial institutions should take an opportunity by giving loans to service firms to boost their liquidity, ultimately improving their revenue. Also, firms should construct a good recruitment policy that will enable them to hire skilled workers. Originality/Value: This paper used an updated World bank enterprise survey on firms in Tanzania cities. The results are robust to different categories of firms' sectors and industries.

“In Honorable Remembrance to All Generations”: Commemoration and the Making of Mormon Battalion Memory, 1921–2021

“In Honorable Remembrance to All Generations”: Commemoration and the Making of Mormon Battalion Memory, 1921–2021

Nigeria as the Poverty Headquarters of the World: Implications for Her National Development and Relationship with External World

Nigeria is an African country located on the Gulf of Guinea with many landmarks and wildlife reserves. She is blessed with arable land, natural resources and human capital. Before independence in 1960, Nigeria depended on Agriculture as her mainstay. She was exporting agricultural products and feeding her citizens from agriculture which also provided employment for a large number of her populations. However, when crude oil was discovered in Nigeria in the late 1950s, Nigeria began to earn high revenue from crude oil which became her major source of earning foreign exchange. Nigeria began to neglect agriculture and its products as areas of revenue earning, making her mono-economy in nature. The citizens became uninterested in engaging in agriculture for employment. Steady increase in the populations especially in the urban areas outrageously led to continuous rise in poverty of the citizens in Nigeria. This situation continues to slow down her developmental efforts and also affects her relationship with the external world. This occasioned the reasons why Nigeria is being described as the poverty headquarters of the world. This has provoked several questions on how Nigeria that is supposed to be the giant of Africa, found herself in the present situation of being the poverty headquarters of the World. This study therefore investigated Nigeria as the poverty headquarters of the world and its implications for her national development and relationship with external World, focusing on the concept of poverty, National development, the indices of a poor nation and the characteristics of Nigeria economy. The study is a qualitative research that relied on secondary source of data and anchored on dependency theory as its theoretical framework of analysis. The study revealed that the poverty nature of Nigeria as a nation has overbearing implications for her national development and her relationship with the external world. The paper therefore recommended that Nigeria should strategically reduce corruption to the barest minimum and initiate good policies that can reduce poverty in the long- run. There is need for effective monitoring of public finances and diversification of economic activities from mono-resource economy so as to create opportunities of empowerment for Nigerians.

The State and Security Management in Nigeria: A Study of Anambra State, 2014-2022

Security is a major issue in the governance of any state and hence the success of any administration is usually measured in terms of her ability to adequately manage the security situations in such a state. The study examined the state and security management in Anambra State between 2014 and 2020. The study is qualitative in nature as data collection was based on the secondary sources of data, while the Social Contract Theory was judiciously utilized as the framework of analysis. Based on this, the study revealed that; poor equipment’s amongst other factors are challenges that impeded proper security management in Anambra State under Governor Willie Obiano’s administration; again, the study showed that there has been a systematic approach towards addressing security challenges in the state by government. The efforts being made by the state agencies to curb the menace of insecurity of all kinds are synchronized though not very effective. From the findings, the study recommended that; first, the government should make sure that its policies are implemented effectively. It is not enough to make good policies while implementing it is a problem. Government must realize that it has a limited time and should therefore use it effectively. Secondly, government agencies like the National Orientation Agency (NOA) should be made to be functional in carrying out their responsibilities. Here, government can partner with the civil society in enlightening citizens on government programmes. The citizens on their part are expected to play roles that will complement government efforts. The citizens need to be more security conscious. Citizens should be sensitized and mobilized from time to time, to fulfil their civic obligations. They should be law-abiding, pay their taxes and other dues correctly and promptly. Citizens should be courageous to criticize or engage the government constructively. In doing this, public facilities and projects should be properly maintained and sustained, and both government and the citizens have roles to play to achieve this.

Value-gradient iteration with quadratic approximate value functions

We propose a method for designing policies for convex stochastic control problems characterized by random linear dynamics and convex stage cost. We consider policies that employ quadratic approximate value functions as a substitute for the true value function. Evaluating the associated control policy involves solving a convex problem, typically a quadratic program, which can be carried out reliably in real-time. Such policies often perform well even when the approximate value function is not a particularly good approximation of the true value function. We propose value-gradient iteration, which fits the gradient of value function, with regularization that can include constraints reflecting known bounds on the true value function. Our value-gradient iteration method can yield a good approximate value function with few samples, and little hyperparameter tuning. We find that the method can find a good policy with computational effort comparable to that required to just evaluate a control policy via simulation.

Mongolia's Strategic Partnership with India: The Third Neighbour Policy and Beyond

Following the collapse of its trusted ally, the USSR, Mongolia faced significant challenges in aligning itself within the new global order. As a result, Mongolia's external and internal strategic environment compelled the nomadic nation to establish and maintain friendly relations with major powers other than China and Russia. Mongolia has since attempted to diversify its diplomatic and strategic reach in regional and international forums that had previously been overshadowed by Mongolia's previous patron, the Soviet Union. Mongolia had adopted two distinct policies, namely the ‘Good Neighbor Policy’ and the ‘Third Neighbor Policy’, which outlined Mongolia's aspirations in the post-Cold War global order. This paper will attempt to understand the changes and continuities in Mongolian foreign policy as a result of Mongolia's 'Third Neighbour Policy,' as well as to investigate the possibility of mutual cooperation between India and Mongolia. The most important aspect of this research is identifying Mongolia's relevant security issues. This study will use empirical data to examine Mongolia's security dilemma, but the analysis will be qualitative. The study's findings show that, despite its small power status, Mongolia will play an important role in North Asian great power politics due to its geostrategic location and mineral resources. Given China's dominance and Western powers' counter-dominance initiatives, this assumption is becoming true. With this in mind, India started to transform it spiritual partnership with Mongolia into a comprehensive strategic one.