Good Level Of Reliability Research Articles

Pengujian Skala Pengukuran Kelelahan (Spk) pada Responden di Indonesia

Subjective fatigue measurement instruments, based questionnaire, is a measure that is widely used for reasons of practicality and measurement results can be obtained quickly. For the purposes of measuring fatigue, there are a number of questionnaires commonly used abroad, but not a lot of literature with a case study in Indonesia that utilize this instrument. Of course, the reason for the use of the instrument is based on the expectation that the instrument has high validity and reliability, and if possible to have a high level of practicality as well. Asssment Fatigue Scale (FAS) is one of the suggested use as a measurement of worker fatigue. The instrument consists of a 10 item questionnaire with good reliability level. The discussion in this paper covers Measurement Scale Fatigue testing results via questionnaires measuring fatigue, adapted from the FAS in English and translated into Indonesian. DSS consists of 10 questions using 5 Likert scale, for the answer options are: never (1), sometimes (2), perceived a regular basis (3), is common (4), is always experienced (5). Relaibilitas test results using Cronbach alpha values obtained value of 0812, and can be improved if the item is question number 3 is removed. By implication, this questionnaire is good enough to use as a measuring instrument fatigue, but the level of proficiency in Indonesian language, in this CMS, needs to be repaired, especially for question number 5 and 3 if the level of validity and reliability to be improved, although the increase may not be too significant.

TENI: A comprehensive battery for cognitive assessment based on games and technology

TENI (Test de Evaluación Neuropsicológica Infantil) is an instrument developed to assess cognitive abilities in children between 3 and 9 years of age. It is based on a model that incorporates games and technology as tools to improve the assessment of children’s capacities. The test was standardized with two Chilean samples of 524 and 82 children living in urban zones. Evidence of reliability and validity based on current standards is presented. Data show good levels of reliability for all subtests. Some evidence of validity in terms of content, test structure, and association with other variables is presented. This instrument represents a novel approach and a new frontier in cognitive assessment. Further studies with clinical, rural, and cross-cultural populations are required.

The validity and reliability of "The liver disease symptom index 2.0" for Turkish society.

Chronic liver diseases have been shown to adversely affect the quality of life. Standardized tools for patient assessment are of great importance for treatment and follow-up of these patients. In this study, we aimed to determine the validity and reliability of the Liver Symptom Index 2.0 (LDSI 2.0) for Turkish society, for use in other studies and in daily clinical practice. A total of 308 patients with chronic liver disease attending to the outpatient liver clinic of the Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylül University between September 2011 and May 2012 were included in this study. A sociodemographic data questionnaire, the LDSI 2.0 comprising 24 items, and the Short Form-36 (SF-36) were completed by the participating patients. After 6 weeks, these tools were re-administered to a total of 115 patients. After obtaining the required permissions, LDSI 2.0 was translated into Turkish using the translation/re-translation method. Of the 308 participants, 160 (51.9%) were male and 184 (43.1%) were female, with an average age of 48.67±13.31 years. Of all cases, 70.5% had viral hepatitis. The average Child-Pugh score was 5.9±1.2, and the average Model For End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score was 10.2±3.2. The assessment tool comprised the following sub-items: itching, joint pain, abdominal pain, sleepiness, worry, appetite, depression, fear, jaundice, memory, personality, financial status, use of time, sexual desire, and sexual activity. For more than 50% of the patients, worry (68.8%), depression (65.3%), joint pain (62.3%), itch (56.5%), sleepiness (54.2%), memory problems (53.6), and sexual problems (50%) were present. The internal coefficient of consistency (Cronbach alpha coefficient) was 0.908, which indicates a very high level of consistency. The correlation coefficient for the intraobserver test/re-test reliability was 0.746 (p<0.000), which denotes a significant and good level of reliability. The construct validity between each sub-item of the tool and sub-items of SF-36 was assessed using Spearman's correlation test, which showed a weak to moderate correlation (<0.04 and 0.4-0.7) in the reverse direction. Our study findings provide supportive evidence of the reliability of the assessment tool. Its validity is similar to the original construct validity and was confirmed in our sample. Therefore, it was concluded that LDSI 2.0 was an appropriate tool for daily clinical use and research purposes. Simultaneous use of this life-quality assessment tool and SF-36 will enable a comprehensive but practical assessment of our patients.

Translation, cultural adaptation, validity and reliability of the shoulder rating questionnaire for use in Brazil

ObjectiveTo translate and culturally adapt the Shoulder Rating Questionnaire (SRQ) to the Brazilian Portuguese language, and to determine its validity, reliability and sensitivity to change in patients with functional impairment of the shoulder. MethodsAfter translation and back-translation of the original version by four independent translators, the instrument was reviewed by a committee of experts and subsequently applied to eight patients with shoulder injury (target audience) to produce the Portuguese version. Then, this version was applied to 102 patients selected from four reference centers for functional treatment of the shoulder, who had a variety of clinical diagnoses, educational levels, socioeconomic, and cultural backgrounds. The evaluation was performed twice with an interval of four weeks between each application. ResultsThe Brazilian version of SRQ was equivalent in terms of semantics and showed good levels of reliability (Cronbach's Alpha=0.89 and ICC=0.83). The reproducibility was high (Spearman Correlation Coefficient=0.82) and validity of the items that ranged from 0.54 to 0.99 was considered excellent. The Cohen's d and T test for repeated measures showed that the instrument is able to monitor and track improvements in shoulder function. ConclusionPsychometric criteria were found, which justify the applicability of the Brazilian version of SRQ in individuals with shoulder functional impairments.

English

Protection codes are necessary to shield memory cells, to maintain good quality level of reliability. But, we don’t find any optimized error detection and correction methods. Therefore, in this paper, we present a high performance Decimal Matrix Code to assure the reliability of memory. This protection code utilizes decimal procedure to detect errors, so that more errors were detected and corrected up to 32. Transient multiple cell upsets (MCUs) are major problems in the reliability of memories exposed to radiation environment. To prevent cell upsets from causing data corruption, more complex error correction codes (ECCs) are widely used to protect memory, but they would require higher delay so an efficient ERT (encoder-reuse technique) is proposed to reduce the area overhead of extra circuits, it utilize DMC encoder itself to be part of the decoder.

Do you see what I see? Can non-experts with minimal training reproduce expert ratings in behavioral assessments of working dogs?

Working-dog organizations often use behavioral ratings by experts to evaluate a dog's likelihood of success. However, these experts are frequently under severe time constraints. One way to alleviate the pressure on limited organizational resources would be to use non-experts to assess dog behavior. Here, in populations of military working dogs (Study 1) and explosive-detection dogs (Study 2), we evaluated the reliability and validity of behavioral ratings assessed by minimally trained non-experts from videotapes. Analyses yielded evidence for generally good levels of inter-observer reliability and criterion validity (indexed by convergence between the non-expert ratings and ratings made previously by experts). We found some variation across items in Study 2 such that reliability and validity was significantly lower for three out of the 18 items, and one item had reliability and validity estimates that were impacted heavily by the behavioral test environment. There were no differences in reliability and validity based on the age of the dog. Overall the results suggest that ratings made by minimally trained non-experts for most items can serve as a viable alternative to expert ratings freeing limited resources of highly trained staff.This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Canine Behavior.

Tradução, adaptação cultural, validade e confiabilidade do questionário de classificação do ombro para uso no Brasil

ObjectiveTo translate and culturally adapt the Shoulder Rating Questionnaire (SRQ) to the Brazilian Portuguese language, and to determine its validity, reliability and sensitivity to change in patients with functional impairment of the shoulder. MethodsAfter translation and back‐translation of the original version by four independent translators, the instrument was reviewed by a committee of experts and subsequently applied to eight patients with shoulder injury (target audience) to produce the Portuguese version. Then, this version was applied to 102 patients selected from four reference centers for functional treatment of the shoulder, who had a variety of clinical diagnoses, educational levels, socioeconomic, and cultural backgrounds. The evaluation was performed twice with an interval of four weeks between each application. ResultsThe Brazilian version of SRQ was equivalent in terms of semantics and showed good levels of reliability (Cronbach's Alpha=0.89 and ICC=0.83). The reproducibility was high (Spearman Correlation Coefficient=0.82) and validity of the items that ranged from 0.54 to 0.99 was considered excellent. The Cohen's d and T test for repeated measures showed that the instrument is able to monitor and track improvements in shoulder function. ConclusionPsychometric criteria were found, which justify the applicability of the Brazilian version of SRQ in individuals with shoulder functional impairments.

A16 Problem Behaviours Assessment For HD (short Version) Introductory Training Session

<h3>Background</h3> Recent research has shown that behavioural symptoms in Huntington’s disease (HD) have a significant impact on patients’ quality of life and function. Accurate assessment of behavioural symptoms is important in both HD research and clinical care of HD families. The short version of the Problem Behaviours Assessment for HD (PBA-s) was developed by the EHDN’s Behavioural Working Group for use in longitudinal observational and interventional studies of HD. The PBA-s is a semi structured clinical interview measuring the presence, severity and frequency of 11 key behavioural symptoms. Detailed severity scoring criteria are provided for each item in order to facilitate good levels of inter-rater reliability. The PBA-s is currently in use in international observational studies such as REGISTRY and Enroll-HD as well as multicentre RCTs. In order to ensure consistency of PBA-s data collected in HD studies, it is necessary for anyone administering the PBA-s to undergo training. The Behavioural working group has developed a standardised training package for the PBA-s which can be delivered in person or online. <h3>Aims</h3> This introductory training session aims to provide a taster of the PBA-s and its general principles. It is not intended to be a full training and potential raters will still need to complete a full training session before carrying out the assessment. <h3>Methods</h3> The training session will consist of a short explanation of the general principles of PBA-s administration. Video clips of real PBA-s interviews with HD patients will be shown and participants at the training session are invited to consider the scoring criteria and apply them to the video clips. Scores are reviewed via an open discussion before arriving at a consensus. <h3>Outcome</h3> After the training session participants should have a basic understanding of the PBA-s and its use. Further training will be required before beginning to administer the assessment.

English

The proposed security code utilizes decimal method to detect errors, so that more errors were detected and corrected. At the present days to maintain good level of reliability, it is required to protect memory cells using protection codes, for this purpose, various error detection and correction methods are being used. In the paper 64-bit Decimal Matrix Code was proposed to assure the dependability of memory. Here to detect and correct up to 50% errors. The results showed that the proposed scheme has a protection level against large MCUs in memory. To avoid MCUs from causing data corruption, more complex error correction codes (ECCs) are widely used to protect memory, but the main problem is that they would need higher delay overhead. Previously, matrix codes (MCs) based on Hamming codes include been proposed for memory safety. The main problem is that they are double error correction codes and the error correction capabilities are not enhanced in each case. Transient multiple cell upsets (MCUs) are appropriate major problems in the reliability of memories exposed to energy environment. In the new method we are implement 64-bit decimal matrix for error correction in memories. In the new method to increase the error correction rate compared to the 32-bit decimal matrix code. Moreover, the ERT (encoder-reuse technique) is proposed to decrease the area transparency of extra circuits exclusive of disturbing the total encoding and decoding processes. ERT (encoder re use technique) use DMC encoder itself to be part of in the decoder.

Intra-rater Reliability of B-Mode Ultrasound Imaging of the Abdominal Muscles in Healthy Adolescents During the Active Straight Leg Raise Test

BackgroundTo date, the reliability of ultrasound imaging (USI) measures of the abdominal muscles in children and adolescents during the active straight leg raise (ASLR) test has not been confirmed. ObjectiveTo assess the intra-rater reliability of USI measures of the thickness and percentage thickness change of the external oblique (EO), internal oblique (IO), and transversus abdominis (TrA) on both sides of the body during the ASLR test in healthy adolescents. DesignSingle-group repeated-measures intra-rater reliability study. SettingSchool. ParticipantsThirty-nine adolescents between the ages of 13 and 16 years. MethodsThree repeated USI measurements were recorded in the supine resting position and during the ASLR test at 2 sessions, 6 to 8 days apart. In the supine position, measurements were collected at the end of normal expiration. In the case of ASLR, measurements were collected when the person undergoing examination touched the transverse delimiter with the distal part of their lower leg, that is, to a 30° flexion of the hip. Main Outcome MeasurementsUSI of abdominal muscle thickness. ResultsBy using the mean of 3 measures in the supine, resting position, intra-examiner reliability point estimates (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC]3.3) ranged from 0.95 to 0.97 for EO, IO, and TrA. During the ASLR test, the ICC result of thickness measurements of all muscles was also above 0.90. In terms of percentage change of muscle thickness, the highest ICC3.3 result obtained for the TrA was 0.81-0.85; for EO the result ranged from 0.72-0.89, and the result for the IO was between 0.65 and 0.79. ConclusionUSI measurements of the thickness of the EO, IO, and TrA muscles at rest and during the ASLR test in healthy adolescents between 13 and 16 years of age are reliable. Because of an increase in the precision of measurements, we recommend using the mean of 3 consecutive measurements of the EO, IO, and TrA muscles in adolescents to ensure a good reliability level. Based on 3 consecutive measurements, good reliability for the percentage change in the TrA thickness was achieved.

Comparison of Physical Activity Using Questionnaires (Leisure Time Physical Activity Instrument and Physical Activity at Home and Work Instrument) and Accelerometry in Fibromyalgia Patients: The Al-Ándalus Project

ObjectiveTo compare the levels of physical activity (PA) assessed with questionnaires (Leisure Time Physical Activity Instrument [LTPAI], Physical Activity at Home and Work Instrument [PAHWI]) and accelerometry in patients with fibromyalgia; and to analyze the test-retest reliability of these questionnaires. DesignCross-sectional study. SettingLocal fibromyalgia association. ParticipantsParticipants (N=99; 5 men) with fibromyalgia with a mean age of 50.2±9.5 years. InterventionsNot applicable. Main Outcome MeasuresParticipants carried an accelerometer for 1 week and completed the LTPAI and PAHWI twice (separated by a 1-wk interval). The LTPAI and PAHWI were summed to obtain overall values of PA. ResultsTime spent in total, moderate, and moderate-vigorous PA was higher (P<.01) when assessed by the LTPAI and PAHWI compared with accelerometry. The Bland-Altman method showed an absence of agreement between the LTPAI and PAHWI and the accelerometer for moderate, moderate-vigorous, and total PA. The test-retest reliability for the workplace subscale and total score of the PAHWI showed high and moderate intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs), respectively, but also manifested high SE of measurements (up to 179min/d). The LTPAI showed low to moderate ICCs and high SE of measurements (up to 79min/d). For the LTPAI and PAHWI, the ICCs for total activity across the population were low to moderate, and the Bland-Altman method confirmed this lack of agreement. ConclusionsThe LTPAI and PAHWI and the accelerometer differ greatly when assessing PA. Furthermore, the LTPAI and PAHWI did not show good levels of test-retest reliability. Therefore, the self-administered LTPAI and PAHWI show questionable usefulness to assess PA in populations with fibromyalgia.

Obsessive–compulsive symptoms in a normative Chinese sample of youth: Prevalence, symptom dimensions, and factor structure of the Leyton Obsessional Inventory—Child Version

BackgroundChinese adolescents face life stresses from multiple sources, with higher levels of stress predictive of adolescent mental health outcomes, including in the area of obsessive–compulsive disorders (OCD). Valid assessment of OCD among this age group is therefore a critical need in China. This study aims to standardise the Chinese version of the Leyton short version scale for adolescents of secondary schools in order to assess this condition. MethodsStratified randomly selected adolescents were selected from four high schools located in Beijing, China. The Chinese version of the Leyton scale was administered to 3221 secondary school students aged between 12 and 18 years. A high response rate was achieved, with 3185 adolescents responding to the survey (98.5 percent). Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) extracted four factors from the scale: compulsive thoughts, concerns of cleanliness, lucky number, repetitiveness and repeated checking. The four-factor structures were confirmed using Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). ResultsOverall the four-factor structure had a good model fit and high levels of reliability for each individual dimension and reasonable content validity. Invariance analyses in unconstrained, factor loading, and error variance models demonstrated that the Leyton scale is invariant in relation to the presence or absence OCD, age and gender. Discriminant validity analysis demonstrated that the four-factor structure scale also had excellent ability to differentiate between OCD and non-OCD students, male and female students, and age groups. LimitationsThe dataset was a non-clinical sample of high school students, rather than a sample of individuals with OCD. Future research may examine symptom structure in clinical populations to assess whether this structure fits into both clinical and community population. ConclusionsThe structure derived from the Leyton short version scale in a non-clinical secondary school sample of adolescents, suggests that a four-factor solution can be utilised as a screening tool to assess adolescents׳ psychopathological symptoms in the area of OCD in mainland Chinese non-clinical secondary school students.

Post-processing data of measured I–V curves of photovoltaic devices

An efficient and reliable characterization of PV devices is paramount for the establishment of new PV installations and for evaluation of the performance of the existent ones. In order to analyze the electrical performance of photovoltaic devices it is essential the determination of the characteristic current versus voltage (I–V) curve from which important information about several parameters of the PV generator can be obtained. The objective of this work is to present an accurate and reliable post-processing method for measured I–V curves (raw data) of photovoltaic devices. In order to implement this post-processing method in-house software (which is described in this work) was developed to post-process I–V curves of any PV device. This software allows the determination of several parameters from a measured I–V curve, as well as its translation to any irradiance and temperature conditions. The post-processing method has been tested in a wide range of raw data I–V curves related to modules based on different technologies. The results have shown a very good level of reliability and accuracy for traditional crystalline silicon and thin film devices.

PELVIC TILT: RELIABILITY OF MEASURING THE STANDING POSITION AND RANGE OF MOTION IN ADOLESCENT ATHLETES

BackgroundStanding pelvic posture remains a common assessment in sports therapy. The palpation technique assessing the relative position of the anterior and posterior superior iliac spines is widely used to quantify...

Assessing human factors during simulation: The development and preliminary validation of the rescue assessment tool

Background: Failure to rescue the deteriorating patient is a concern for all healthcare providers. In response to this problem providers have introduced a range of interventions to promote timely rescue. Human factors and non-technical skills play a part in both the recognition of ill patients and in the delivery of interventions associated with their successful rescue. Given the risks to patient safety which failure to rescue raises, simulation provides a vehicle for staff training and development in terms of both technical and non-technical skills. This paper describes the development and preliminary validation of a human factors rating tool specifically designed to assess the non-technical skills associated with the recognition and rescue of the deteriorating patient. Methods: Using high fidelity simulation scenarios related to patient deterioration Faculty independently rated student performance. Scoring took place using video footage of the students’ performance. Data were analyzed to establish the validity of the tool, internal consistency between categories and elements and inter-rater reliability. Results: Content validity was established through a process of review and by checking for duplicate or redundant items. The internal consistency of the tool was acceptable with a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.84. Factor analysis suggested that the tool assessed only two components rather than the three hypothesized during tool development. The components were labelled as recognizing and responding and leading and reassuring. Inter-rater reliability was initially poor at 0.21 but following training of raters this rose to above 0.8 for two videos related to the same scenario one which had been used during training. However, when the scenario changed the reliability dropped to 0.5. Conclusions: Rescue appears to be a well-structured tool with good levels of inter-rater reliability following intensive training related to the specific scenario being scored. Further work is required to establish all aspects of construct validity and to ensure test-retest reliability.

TEST-RETEST RELIABILITY OF AN ELITE ATHLETE–QUESTIONNAIRE FOR THE EVALUATION OF TRAINING-RELATED INJURY RISK FACTORS

BackgroundSince the 2009 International Olympic Committee consensus statement, health promotion and injury prevention has been of prime importance in the health care of elite athletes. However, to date, most studies...

Confiabilidad intraevaluador del cuestionario para limitaciones en la actividad y restricciones en la participación de niños con TDAH

IntroductionQuestionnaires for evaluating activity limitations and participation restrictions in children with ADHD (CLARP-TDAH) has recently been developed in Colombia, based on the suggestions made by the WHO from the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF), allowing clinical evaluation beyond an evaluation of the functionality and functioning of children in their family and school environments. Previous research with the questionnaire proved useful in the multidisciplinary approach of Colombian children with ADHD. This study determines the level of intra-rater reliability for questionnaires CLARP-TDAH Parents and Teachers. MethodsThe study included a non-random sample of 203 Colombian children attending school and diagnosed with ADHD. Intra-rater reliability and the reproducibility of the results was determined using the Kappa index. The informants were parents and teachers. ResultsKappa values >0.7 were obtained for the intra-rater reliability of the questionnaire domains of CLARP-TDAH Parents, while for CLARP-TDAH Teachers domains these values were >0.8. ConclusionsCLARP-TDAH questionnaires are a tool with a good level of intra-rater reliability, which allows a reliable assessment of activity limitations and participation restrictions in order to determine the level of functioning at home and school.

A7.4 Study of psychometric properties of the "medical outcomes Scale (MOS) sleep scale" in the portuguese population with fibromyalgia

Background and ObjectivesSleep is a highly organised biological process that is an important component of functioning and well-being of human. Sleep disorders have been referred as one of the main...

A7.1 Cultural adaptation and validation of instruments the london fibromyalgia epidemiology study screening questionnaire and fibromyalgia new clinical diagnostic criteria for the portuguese population with fibromyalgia

Background and ObjectivesFibromyalgia it is recognised as a chronic condition because of high morbidity. Usually classified as a disease by the absence of functional organic changes, the diagnosis is controversial...

Organizational performance impacting patient satisfaction in Ontario hospitals: a multilevel analysis

BackgroundPatient satisfaction in health care constitutes an important component of organizational performance in the hospital setting. Satisfaction measures have been developed and used to evaluate and improve hospital performance, quality of care and physician practice. In order to direct improvement strategies, it is necessary to evaluate both individual and organizational factors that can impact patients’ perception of care. The study aims were to determine the dimensions of patient satisfaction, and to analyze the individual and organizational determinants of satisfaction dimensions in hospitals.MethodsWe used patient and hospital survey data as well as administrative data collected for a 2008 public hospital report in Ontario, Canada. We evaluated the clustering of patient survey items with exploratory factor analysis and derived plausible dimensions of satisfaction. A two-level multivariate model was fitted to analyze the determinants of satisfaction.ResultsWe found eight satisfaction factors, with acceptable to good level of loadings and good reliability. More than 95% of variation in patient satisfaction scores was attributable to patient-level variation, with less than 5% attributable to hospital-level variation. The hierarchical models explain 5 to 17% of variation at the patient level and up to 52% of variation between hospitals. Individual patient characteristics had the strongest association with all dimensions of satisfaction. Few organizational performance indicators are associated with patient satisfaction and significant determinants differ according to the satisfaction dimension.ConclusionsThe research findings highlight the importance of adjusting for both patient-level and organization-level characteristics when evaluating patient satisfaction. Better understanding and measurement of organization-level activities and processes associated with patient satisfaction could contribute to improved satisfaction ratings and care quality.