Good Zone Of Inhibition Research Articles

Antibacterial effect of Lignin Polymer on Multidrug Resistant Bacteria Identified by Vitek System

Background: Widespread usage of antimicrobial drugs has increased the emergence of antibiotic-resistant pathogens and that's why we need new drugs. Lignin and its derivatives considered as an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, insecticidal and antimicrobial. This study aimed to investigate the effect of lignin polymer against the bacteria isolated from clinical samples, and to study the antibiotic resistance pattern using the Vitek system. Materials and Methods: 50 clinical bacterial samples were collected from two hospitals in Baghdad city. All the isolates of Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus were subjected to Vitek system to determine the resistance for 12 antibiotics. The Soda lignin polymer had been prepared from the palm tree empty fruit/ Malaysia. The biological activity of lignin polymer against resistant bacteria was evaluated by well agar diffusion method. Results: According to the Vitek system, all the bacterial isolates were multi-resistance to many antibiotics. Lignin polymer dilutions inhibited the growth of some bacterial isolates, and it was more effective in all the concentrations with a good inhibition zone on Pseudomonas aeruginosa which reached to 20mm. Conclusion: Lignin polymer has an antibacterial effect against some pathogenic multidrug resistant bacteria isolated from clinical samples, including urine and wound infection. Lignin polymer was more effective in all the concentrations on the isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, with a good inhibition zone.

Phytochemical Screening, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activity of the Ethanolic leaf Extract of Tinospora crispa (L.) Miers [Menispermaceae

The qualitative phytochemical analysis showed the presence of alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids, tannins and phenols in the ethanol leaf extracts. The ethanol leaf extract showed highest tannin, phenol and flavonoid content that the other extracts such as hexane and water in the phytochemical analysis. In vitro antioxidant analysis showed that the ethanol leaf extract shows moderately good free radical scavenging activity when compared with standard Ascorbic acid. The in vitro antimicrobial analysis showed good zone of inhibition against most of the tested microorganisms in the concentration dependent manner. The present study showed that the ethanol extract of Tinospora crispa leaves has significant number of phytochemicals, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity. Many biologically active secondary metabolites were present in the leaf extract which could be responsible for its therapeutic potential.

Effect of H2O2 @CuONPs in the UV Light-Induced Removal of Organic Pollutant Congo Red Dye: Investigation into Mechanism with Additional Biomedical Study.

Hazardous dyes in industrial wastewater are an internationally recognized issue for community health. Nanoparticles synthesized through green protocols are a fascinating research field with numerous applications. The current study mainly aimed to investigate the degradation of Congo red (CR) dye under UV light in the presence of H2O2 and the photocatalytic activity of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuONPs). For CuONP formation, Citrus maxima extract contains a high number of phytochemical constituents. The size of CuONPs ranges between 25 and 90 nm. The photocatalytic activity of CuONPs with the addition of H2O2 was observed and analyzed under UV light to eliminate CR dye. The UV light caused the decomposition of H2O2, which produced ·OH radicals. The results revealed a significant increment in dye degradation during the presence of H2O2. The effect of concentration on the degradation of the CR dye was also studied. The degradation pathway of organic pollutants was reputable from the hydroxy radical medicated degradation of CR. Advanced Oxidation Treatment depends on the in situ production of reactive ·OH species and is presented as the most effective procedure for decontamination. The biological activity of CuONPs was evaluated against Escherichia coli Bacillus subtillis, Staphylococcus aureus, Shigella flexenari, Acinetobacter Klebsiella pneumonia, Salmonella typhi and Micrococcus luteus. The newly synthesised nanomaterials showed strong inhibition activity against Escherichia coli (45%), Bacillus subtilis (42%) and Acinetobacter species (25%). The activity of CuONPs was also investigated against different fungus species such as: Aspergillus flavus, A. niger, Candida glabrata, T. longifusus, M. Canis, C. glabrata and showed a good inhibition zone against Candida glabrata 75%, Aspergillus flavus 68%, T. longifusus 60%. The materials showed good activity against C. glaberata, A. flavus and T. longifusus. Furthermore, CuONPs were tested for antioxidant properties using 2, 2 diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) (DPPH).

Physicochemical Analysis, in vitro Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Potential of Leaves of Bridelia montana (Roxb.) Willd

Aim: The aim of this particular study is to analyse the anti-oxidant and the anti-microbial potential of the leaves of an ethnomedicinal plant, Bridelia montana (Roxb.) Willd. which belongs to the family Phyllanthaceae. Materials and Methods: The physicochemical parameters of the powdered plant samples was analyzed by the methods suggested in the The Indian Pharmacopoeia (1996). The phytochemical constituents of the leaf extracts were studied, the anti-oxidant potential and the anti-microbial activity of the ethanol leaf extract was analysed using DPPH free radical scavenging method and agar well-diffusion method respectively. Results: The physicochemical analysis revealed that the sulphated ash was found to be the highest among all the other parameters and the moisture content was relatively less. The qualitative phytochemical analysis showed the presence of flavonoids, tannins, phenols, glycosides and alkaloids in their leaf extracts. In vitro antioxidant analysis showed that the ethanol leaf extract had good free radical scavenging activity when compared with standard Ascorbic acid. The in vitro antimicrobial analysis showed good zone of inhibition against most of the tested microorganisms in the concentration dependent manner. Conclusion: The present study showed that the ethanol extract of B. montana leaves has significant amount of phytochemicals, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity. Many biologically active secondary metabolites were present in the leaf extract which could be responsible for its therapeutic potential.

Microbial consortium: A new approach in jute retting of preserved dry ribbons

The present research was taken to formulate bacterial consortium as whole cell biocatalyst for retting of dry jute ribbons. The bacteria were obtained from different sources of jute retting water, enriched on nutrient broth medium. Microbial consortium was constructed from 7 (seven) selected isolated bacteria to become 7 (seven) combination culture which exhibited remarkable retting efficacy due to the induction of different enzymes activities. The enzymatic as well as biochemical activity of these bacteria were tested. The strains were selected based on the criteria that they were able to display good zone of inhibition. Formulations showed good potential as candidates for microbial consortium. In the two combination treatment with water (5 ml), microbial consortia of (10DTW2b+OMPW4b), (10DTW2b+4DTW7b) and (OMEW4b+10DTW2b) were found better for all the cases. Again, in three combinations treatment with water (5 ml d.H2O), fineness, brightness and smoothness/softness, all were found higher in microbial consortia of (3PRRF5b+4DTF1b+10DTW2b), which is a unique findings. This research is on-going and need to optimize these consortiums with different parameters and also carry out retting analysis.

Schiff bases compounds prepared from Phenyl hydrazine as a starting material were Synthesized, Characterized, and their Biological activity was Investigated

Preparation of Schiff bases compounds (A, B, and C) in absolute ethanol using concentrated phenyl hydrazine and various aromatic aldehydes such as (4-chlrobenzaldehyde aldehyde, 4-bromobenzaldehyde, N, N-dimethyl amino benzaldehyde). Melting point, FT, has been used to classify these compounds (A, B, and C). The reactions phases and series were studied using IR spectroscopy and thin layer chromatography (TLC) (ethyl acetate: toluene, 1:4). Three derivate compounds were used as antibacterial activity in this study. The results proved that all derivative compounds provided good inhibition zone against Staphylococcus aureus and pseudomonas aeruginosa especially in concentration 300mg/ml of derivative compound C with diameter inhibition zone 21.433±0.676 and 625.33±0.796 respectively.

Green Synthesis of Datura stramonium (Asaangira) Leaves Infusion for Antibacterial Activity through Magnesium Oxide (MgO) Nanoparticles

The biosynthesized magnesium oxide nanoparticles were pigeon-holed with X-ray diffraction (XRD), ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectrophotometer, scanning electron microscope (SEM), and photoluminescence spectrometer (PLs) and antibacterial activity. Datura stramonium leaves extract has been used in the present work,; which has medicinal value, and we have synthesized magnesium oxide nanoparticles from both chemical and biosynthesis techniques. The XRD result indicates the realization of crystalline magnesium oxide nanoparticles, and again it is also inveterated with an ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectrophotometer. The superficial morphology expresses that magnesium oxide nanoparticles have a bulbous morphological shape for both biosynthesis and chemosynthesis. The antibacterial activity of magnesium oxide nanoparticles obtained from Datura stramonium leaves against E. coli and S. aureus was studied. The antibacterial activity also shows a good zone of inhibition. Both techniques are promising for the preparations of MgO nanoparticles in antibacterial activity and show the same result. This outcome demonstrates that the biosynthesized nanoparticles originate from having some medicinal uses and are biodegradable.

Chrysophanol from the Roots of Kniphofia Insignis and Evaluation of Its Antibacterial Activities

Sequential extraction of the roots of Kniphofia insignis using cold maceration techniques and column chromatographic separation leads to the isolation of one monomeric anthraquinone, chrysophanol (1). The structure of the compound was established using spectroscopic analyses including NMR (1H and 13C-NMR, infrared) and comparison with reported literature. The in vitro antibacterial activities of the crude extracts and the isolated compounds were evaluated against four bacterial strains (S. aureus ATCC 25923, B. subtilis ATCC 6633, E. coli ATCC 35218, and P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853). Among them, the crude extract, acetone extract, has shown substantial antibacterial activity with the highest activity against E. coli (22.3 mm). However, compound 1 has a better zone of inhibition with 19.3 mm against P. aeruginosa.

Cassava starch/bacterial cellulose-based bioplastics with Zanthoxylum acanthopodium

Abstract. Gea S, Pasaribu KM, Sarumaha AA, Rahayu S. 2022. Cassava starch/bacterial cellulose-based bioplastics with Zanthoxylum acanthopodium. Biodiversitas 23: 2601-2608. The use of conventional plastics has become one of the biggest environmental problems because of their difficulties in decomposing. Bioplastics are plastics that are decompose easily in nature as they are naturally sourced. The purpose of this research was to create antimicrobial bioplastics from cassava starch with the addition of bacterial cellulose (BC) as a reinforcement material and Zanthoxylum acanthopodium (andaliman) as an antibacterial agent. Furthermore, this study determines the optimal concentration of BC and the antibacterial effect of Z. acanthopodium extract in bioplastics produced by the solution casting method. The addition of BC to bioplastics changed the properties of bioplastics, according to FTIR, XRD, TGA, SEM, and tensile strength analysis. Mechanical analysis showed an increase in tensile strength with higher amount of BC. The best tensile strength was observed in CS2BCA sample (2.34 MPa). The antibacterial test of bioplastic samples showed good inhibition zone (10.8 mm) against Bacillus cereus.

BIOACTIVITIES OF SELECTED EDIBLE FRUITS OF WESTERN GHATS REGION OF KARNATAKA

Medicinal plants are well known for their therapeutic potential. The present study explored some of the selected medicinal plants for their bioactive potential. Fruits of selected plants were evaluated for their antibacterial and antioxidant activities. These plants extract were also subjected for the determination of functional groups present. All the test extracts showed good antibacterial and antioxidant properties. Methanolic extract of Bridelia scandens fruit was found to be more potent in inhibiting all the test cultures used, with a better zone of inhibition. It also revealed to possess stronger antioxidant ability by scavenging 87.62 % of DPPH radicals, 80.12 % of superoxide radical and by inhibiting 77.27% of lipid peroxidation process compared to other test extracts. FTIR studies of these species have shown the common and uncommon functional groups. Fruits of Bridelia scandens appeared to be a promising source compared to other test plants in the further isolation of bioactive compounds for determining bioactivities.

Synthesis and investigation of antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of new pyrazinopyrroloazepine derivatives using Fe3O4/CuO/ZnO@MWCNT MNCs as organometallic nanocatalyst by new MCRs

AbstractIn this study, we synthesized pyrazinopyrroloazepine derivatives in high yields using multicomponent reactions of isatoic anhydride, N‐methylimidazole, alkyl bromides, activated acetylenic compounds, ethyl glycinate and methyl aziridine in the presence of Fe3O4/CuO/ZnO@MWCNT as a high performance catalyst in water at room temperature. The Fe3O4/CuO/ZnO@MWCNT synthesizes using Petasites hybridus rhizome water extract as a green media and moderate base. As well Fe3O4/CuO/ZnO@MWCNT MNCs show a good improvement in the yield of the product and displayed significant reusable activity. Investigation of antioxidant ability of synthesized compounds using radical trapping of diphenyl‐picrylhydrazine (DPPH) and ferric reduction power experiment is another purpose in this research. Because of having two NH groups in the synthesized compounds, these compounds shown the good antioxidant activity relative two standards. Compound 7c was shown excellent antioxidant activity. Also, the antimicrobial activity of some synthesized compounds proved by employing the disk diffusion test on gram‐positive and gram‐negative bacteria. The pyrazinopyrroloazepines 7a, 7c, 7d and 7f have the maximum effect on Escherichia coli compared with gram‐positive and gram‐negative bacteria because of good inhibition zone diameter. This procedure has some benefits such as short reaction time, product with excellent yields, simple catalyst and products separation.

Synthesis, antibacterial activity and adsorption studies of Bentonite-iron nanoparticles in the removal of methyl blue dye

Green synthesis of bentonite-iron nanoparticles (Be-FeNPs) has been carried out using the leaf extract of Helicteres isora and its antibacterial and adsorption capacity for the removal of Methyl Blue (MB) dye have been also studied.T he prepared Be-FeNPs and iron nanoparticles (FeNPs) are characterized by UV-visible, FTIR spectroscopic techniques and SEM analysis. The antibacterial activity of Be-FeNPs show good zone of inhibition against E.coli and S.aureus. Further the prepared composite (Be-FeNPs) and bentonite are used as adsorbents for the removal of Methyl Blue (MB) dye in aqueous solution under various experiment parameters like initial concentration, contact time and pH. The optimum initial pH, adsorbent concentration and time were determined to be 8.1, 45°C, and 100 ppm, 80 min for MB adsorption on to Be-FeNPs. The experimental data for MB adsorption fits well to the Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm models. The kinetic equations like Natarajan-Khalaf, Bhattacharya-Venkobachar and Lagergren equations were found to be applicable. The surface morphology of the Be-FeNPs before and after adsorption of dye revealed that it can be used as an excellent adsorbent for dye removal from dilute industrial effluents.

The real role of select herb and spice extracts against Bacillus cereus ATCC 14579 growth in cooked rice

This study aimed to investigate the effect of select spices and herbs added to cooked rice in the growth of Bacillus cereus. The results showed the actual role of herbs and spices as food flavoring ingredients rather than acting as a preservative agent. Herbs and spices extracts were added to rice before and after the cooking process, then observed the differences in Bacillus cereus growth. From all herb and spices extract used, clove was the most effective one against B. cereus. It provided a good zone of inhibition, while the others did not have similar effects. The ethanolic extracts for all tested herbs and spices at concentrations of 50-200 µg/mL showed good activity in media. The zone of inhibition was from 10 to 25 mm in diameter. Rice with Spiced/herbs was inoculated with 108 spores of B. cereus then the growth of B. cereus vegetative cells was detected at different temperature. As the result showed no different in the growth of B. cereus, We concluded that the temperature for rice cooking/reheating has main effect on the control of B. cereus cells while herbs and spices can be used only for flavor with no role in controlling the contamination in rice.

Isolation, Identification and Molecular Characterization of Endophytic Fungi from Belpharis Maderaspatensis

Endophytes are an increasingly important area of research in many fields because of their chemical diversity and their ability to produce many novel secondary metabolites that can be utilized for fuel, medicine and agriculture. It is their chemical diversity that sparks profound interest in these organisms. The endophytic fungi are symbiotic fungi that grows between the intercellular spaces in the plant tissue without any visible change in the morphology of the leaf. They are non-pathogenic and help in the survival of the plant during stress conditions and helps in the nutrition uptake. The fresh leaves and stem of the plant was placed in PDA. The agar showed 5 different species of fungi, the fungi without visible spore was chosen as the target fungi. The fungal DNA was isolated and amplified in PCR using ITS Primer. It was identified by Gene sequencing and BLAST; the obtained sequence was then uploaded to the International Gene Bank and the accession number (MN577295.1) was obtained. Upon GC-MS analysis of ethyl acetate extract of Colletotrichumgloeosporioides revealed the presence of 39 bio active compounds. The Antimicrobial sensitivity test showed good zone of inhibition against Klebsiella pneumonia, E.coli and the zones were on par with third generation antibiotic Amikacin. Hence the endophyte Colletotrichumgloeosporioide spossess undeniable uses in both agricultural and pharmaceutical industries..

Formulation & charecterizaion of anti-microbial property of herbal oral in-situ gel

Optimisation, formulation, and characterisation of an oral in situ gel containing clove oil are the focus of the current study. When it came to cross-linking and viscosifying agents, sodium alginate was utilized. The floating agent was sodium bicarbonate. pH were determined to be 7.2 in preformulation experiments. No differences were found between medication and polymers in FTIR spectrums during compatibility testing. There was good pourability in all of the formulas. It took 30 s to float, and it took a total of >12 h to float. Drugs were released from the formulation at a rate of 80–95 percent over 5–6 h during in vitro drug release tests. It was discovered that the concentration of sodium alginate and HPMC had a substantial impact on floating delay, gelling capacity, and cumulative percentage drug release in these experiments. When we tested clove oil (Eugenol) as an antibacterial, we discovered that it demonstrated good zone of inhibition against diverse microbial strains (Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli).

Green synthesis of copper nanoparticles using artemisia plant extract

Nanoparticles are now attracting a lot of attention due to their tiny size and amazing characteristics including high surface area, cost-effectiveness, and readily rotatable morphology and form. Plant-based nanoparticle production is not only environmentally benign, but also inexpensive and simple. The Artemisia plant was utilised to synthesise in our research (Cu NPs). Nano copper was characterised using a UV–visible spectrophotometer, FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared) spectroscopic study, XRD, SEM, and EDX. Cu NPs had a maximum absorbance of 405 nm, whereas SEM micrographs revealed spherical shaped Cu particles with an average size of 38.5 nm. The existence of polyphenols in Artemisia leaf extract was verified by FTIR spectra, and a spectral band at 1623 cm−1 is a hallmark of copper-extract interaction. The crystalline appearance of (Cu NPs) in nature was verified by XRD analysis. The antibacterial research was conducted on E. coli and Bacillus subtilis, and a good zone of inhibition was seen at 20.5 and 26.7 mm, respectively, demonstrating Cu NPs' potential as a treatment for infectious illnesses.

Coating Cellulosic Material with Ag Nanowires to Fabricate Wearable IR-Reflective Device for Personal Thermal Management: The Role of Coating Method and Loading Level.

Textiles coated with silver nanowires (AgNWs) are effective at suppressing radiative heat loss without sacrificing breathability. Many reports present the applicability of AgNWs as IR-reflective wearable textiles, where such studies partially evaluate the parameters for practical usage for large-scale production. In this study, the effect of the two industrial coating methods and the loading value of AgNWs on the performance of AgNWs-coated fabric (AgNWs-CF) is reported. The AgNWs were synthesized by the polyol process and applied onto the surface of cotton fabric using either dip- or spray-coating methods with variable loading levels of AgNWs. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), infrared (IR) reflectance, water vapor permeability (WVP), and electrical resistance properties were characterized. The results report the successful synthesis of AgNWs with a 30 μm length. The results also show that the spray coating method has a better performance for reflecting the IR radiation to the body, which increases with a greater loading level of the AgNWs. The antibacterial results show a good inhibition zone for cotton fabric coated by both methods, where the spray-coated fabric has a better performance overall. The results also show the coated fabric with AgNWs maintains the level of fabric breathability similar to control samples. AgNWs-CFs have potential utility for cold weather protective clothing in which heat dissipation is attenuated, along with applications such as wound dressing materials that provide antibacterial protection.

Anthraquinones from the Roots of Kniphofia insignis and Evaluation of Their Antimicrobial Activities

Sequential extraction using a cold maceration method and column chromatographic separation of the roots Kniphofia insignis headed to the isolation of three anthraquinones: one monomeric anthraquinone (1) and two dimeric anthraquinones (2 and 3). It was further purified by Sephadex LH-20 and recrystallized. The structures of these compounds were established based on the spectroscopic analyses including NMR (1H-NMR and 13C-NMR and infrared) and comparison with reported literatures. In an in vitro antimicrobial assay of the crude extracts, the isolated compounds were made against four bacterial strains (S. aureus ATCC 25923, B. subtilis ATCC 6633, E. coli ATCC 35218, and P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853) and Fusarium spp. fungal strain. In the crude extracts of chloroform, substantial antimicrobial activity was seen with the highest activity against B. subtilis (16 mm) and E. coli (22 mm). Meanwhile, compound 1 has a better zone of inhibition with 14 mm against P. aeruginosa, whereas compound 2 showed better activity (13 mm) against Fusarium spp. fungal strain.

Comparison of Inhibition Zones Between Butterfly Pea Flower (Clitoria ternatea) and Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citrarus) Against Streptococcus mutans and Staphylococcus aureus

This study aims to determine the comparison of the inhibition zone between theextract of butterfly pea flower and lemongrass, against the bacteria streptococcusmutans and staphylococcus aureus. The samples that will be used in this researchare streptococcus mutans and staphylococcus aureus bacteria. Data analysis usednormality test and statistical test was performed using ANOVA analysis test and posthoc test. The results showed that there was no difference in the inhibition zone ofbutterfly pea flower extract against streptococcus mutans bacteria and lemongrassextract against streptococcus mutans. There was difference in the inhibition zonebetween butterfly pea flower extract against staphylococcus aureus bacteria andlemongrass extract against staphylococcus aureus bacteria. Butterfly pea flowerextract has a good inhibition zone in staphylococcus aureus bacteria. Lemongrassextract has the same inhibition zone against both types of bacteria

Pharmaceutico-analytical profile of Mrityunjay Rasa and evaluation of its Antibacterial activity

Background: Mrityunjay Rasa is the one of the Kharaliya Kalpana explained in Yogaratnakara in Jwara chikitsa and indicated in all types of fever. Any pathology can leads to diseases which are easily seen by fever as a clinical symptom. Bacterial infections through the skin or by any system defiantly reflect through fever and as told in classics Mrityunjay Rasa is having the capacity to eradicate all types of Jwara. Aim & Objective: The study is planned to evaluate the antibacterial activity of Mrityunjay Rasa. Material and methods: Mrityunjay rasa was prepared according to Yogratnakar at the Department of Rasashastra & Bhaishajya Kalpana. The formulation was tested for organoleptic characters, physicochemical parameters and microbial specification tests. Observation and results: Standard Mrityunjay rasa can be prepared from three Bhawana of Ardraka swarasa each for an average of 11.55 hrs. Prepared Mrityunjay rasa was Reddish in color with a specific smell and 145.57% average yield. Analytical standards for Mrityunjay rasa such as loss on drying at 105oC, total ash, acid insoluble ash, alcohol soluble extractives, water-soluble extractive, pH, Hardness, Disintegration time and particle size were 2.10%, 15.87%, 2.43%, 2.29%, 20.43 %, 8.7 (10% aqueous solution), 3, 30 minutes 20 sec and 95.41 respectively. Mrityunjay Rasa has shown a better zone of inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus. Conclusion: Analytical parameters obtained through the present study can be considered as a reference standard for Mrityunjay rasa.